{{Short description|Northernmost subregion of North America}} {{Hatnote group| {{About-distinguish-text|the region comprising Canada, Greenland, and the United States|North America or the Northern United States}}{{Other uses|Northern America (disambiguation)}} }} {{Infobox continent<!--Population and economic figures as sourced, and include countries/territories per UN geoscheme; includes Hawaii--> | title = Northern America | image = Northern America (orthographic projection).svg | area = {{convert|21780142|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}} | population = {{UN_Population|Northern America}} ({{UN_Population|Year}} est.) | density = {{convert|16.5|/km2|/sqmi|1|abbr=on}} | demonym = Northern American | GDP_nominal = $37.14 trillion (2025)<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/April/weo-report?c=156,111,&s=NGDPD,&sy=2022&ey=2022&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1|access-date=8 August 2022|title=April 2022 GDP Report for Canada and United States}}</ref> | countries = {{Collapsible list | title = 2 | {{flag|Canada}} | {{flag|United States}} (except Hawaii) }} | dependencies = {{Collapsible list | title = 3 | {{flag|Bermuda}} (United Kingdom) | {{flag|Greenland}} (Denmark) | {{flag|Saint Pierre and Miquelon|local}} (France)}} | languages = English, French, Spanish, Danish, Greenlandic, and various recognized regional languages | time = UTC−10:00 (west Aleutians) to UTC+00:00 (Danmarkshavn, Greenland) | cities = {{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal; | title = 10 largest cities in Northern America (2015) | # {{flagicon|USA}} New York # {{flagicon|USA}} Los Angeles # {{flagicon|CAN}} Toronto # {{flagicon|USA}} Chicago # {{flagicon|USA}} Houston # {{flagicon|CAN}} Montreal # {{flagicon|USA}} Philadelphia # {{flagicon|USA}} Phoenix # {{flagicon|USA}} San Antonio # {{flagicon|USA}} San Diego }} | m49 = <code>021</code> – Northern America<br /><code>003</code> – North America<br /><code>019</code> – Americas<br /><code>001</code> – World }}
'''Northern America''' is the northernmost subregion of North America, as well as the northernmost region in the Americas. The boundaries may be drawn significantly differently depending on the source of the definition. In one definition, it lies directly north of Middle America.<ref name="Idiot">Gonzalez, Joseph. 2004. [https://books.google.com/books?id=I4h9x5ZYDDIC "Northern America: Land of Opportunity"] (ch. 6). ''The Complete Idiot's Guide to Geography.'' ({{ISBN|1592571883}}) New York: Alpha Books; pp. 57–8</ref> Northern America's land frontier with the rest of North America then coincides with the Mexico–United States border. Geopolitically, according to the United Nations' scheme of geographical regions and subregions, Northern America consists of Bermuda, Canada, Greenland, Saint Pierre and Miquelon and the United States (the contiguous United States and Alaska only, excluding Hawaii, Navassa Island, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, and other minor U.S. Pacific territories).<ref>[http://esa.un.org/migration/index.asp?panel=3 Definition of major areas and regions], from World Migrant Stock: The 2005 Revision Population Database, United Nations Population Division. Accessed on line October 3, 2007.</ref><ref>[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm Composition of macro geographical (continental) regions, geographical sub-regions, and selected economic and other groupings], UN Statistics Division. Accessed online October 3, 2007. ([http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regnf.htm French])</ref>
== Definitions == Maps using the term ''Northern America'' date back to 1755, when the region was occupied by France, Great Britain, and Spain.<ref>{{cite web |work=Library and Archives Canada |date=n.d. |first=Jacques-Nicolas |last=Bellin |author-link=Jacques-Nicolas Bellin |title=Carte de l'Amerique septentrionale (Map of Northern America, 1755) |url=http://www.collectionscanada.ca/05/0509/050950/05095092_e.html |archive-date=2007-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930191947/http://www.collectionscanada.ca/05/0509/050950/05095092_e.html}} Item NMC 21057.</ref> The Solemn Act of the Declaration of Independence of Northern America in 1813 applied to Mexico. Today, Northern America includes the Canada–US dyad, developed countries that exhibit very high Human Development Indexes and intense economic integration while sharing many socioeconomic characteristics.<ref>Torrey, Barbara Boyle & Eberstadt, Nicholas. 2005 (Aug./Sep.). "[http://www.hoover.org/publications/policyreview/2931351.html The Northern America Fertility Divide] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071107050714/http://www.hoover.org/publications/policyreview/2931351.html |date=2007-11-07 }}." ''Hoover Institution Policy Review.'' No. 132.</ref>
The World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions has "Northern America" as the seventh of its nine "botanical continents". Its definition differs from the usual political one: Mexico is included, Bermuda is excluded (being placed in the Caribbean region), Hawaii is excluded (being placed in the Pacific botanical continent) and all of the Aleutian Islands, Russian as well as American, are included.<ref>{{cite book |last=Brummitt |first=R.K. |year=2001 |title=World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions: Edition 2 |publisher=International Working Group on Taxonomic Databases For Plant Sciences (TDWG) |url=http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted_sites/tdwg/TDWG_geo2.pdf |access-date=2016-04-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125135239/http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted_sites/tdwg/TDWG_geo2.pdf |archive-date=2016-01-25 }}</ref>
== Countries and territories == {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style=text-align:right |- ! scope="col" | Country / Territory ! scope="col" | Population{{UN population|ref}} ! scope="col" | Area<br>{{small|(km{{sup|2}})}}<ref>Unless otherwise noted, land area figures are taken from {{Cite report | url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2008/Table03.pdf | title=Demographic Yearbook—Table 3: Population by sex, rate of population increase, surface area and density | publisher=United Nations Statistics Division | year=2008 | access-date = 2010-10-14}}</ref> ! scope="col" | Density<br>{{small|(people<br>per km{{sup|2}})}} ! scope="col" | Capital |- ! scope="row" | {{flagdeco|Bermuda}} Bermuda | {{density | disp=table | {{UN population|Bermuda}} | 53.2 | pad=2}} || style=text-align:left | Hamilton |- ! scope="row" | {{flagdeco|Canada}} Canada | {{density | disp=table | {{UN population|Canada}} | 9,984,670 | pad=2}} || style=text-align:left | Ottawa |- ! scope="row" | {{flagdeco|Greenland}} Greenland | {{density | disp=table | {{UN population|Greenland}} | 2,166,086 | pad=2}} || style=text-align:left | Nuuk |- ! scope="row" | {{flagdeco|Saint Pierre and Miquelon|local}} Saint Pierre and Miquelon | {{density | disp=table | {{UN population|Saint Pierre and Miquelon}} | 242 | pad=2}} || style=text-align:left | Saint-Pierre |- ! scope="row" | {{flagdeco|United States}} United States<ref>Includes the U.S. state of Hawaii, which is distant from the North American landmass in the Pacific Ocean and therefore more commonly associated with the other territories of Oceania.</ref> | {{density | disp=table | {{UN population|United States of America}} | 9,826,675 | pad=2}} || style=text-align:left | Washington, D.C. |- |}
'''*''' indicates '''"Demographics of country or territory"''' links.
== Demographics == {|class="wikitable sortable" style=text-align:right !Year||Population<ref>{{cite web|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/|title=World Population Prospects|website=population.un.org|access-date=2019-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809025719/https://population.un.org/wpp/|archive-date=2019-08-09|url-status=dead}}</ref>||%<br />change||Canada||%||United States||% |- |1950 || 172,603,000 || — || 13,733,000 || 8.0% || 158,804,000 || 92.0% |- |1960 || 204,649,000 || +18.6% || 17,847,000 || 8.7% || 186,721,000 || 91.2% |- |1970 || 230,992,000 || +12.9% || 21,374,000 || 9.3% || 209,513,000 || 90.7% |- |1980 || 254,007,000 || +10.0% || 24,417,000 || 9.6% || 229,476,000 || 90.3% |- |1990 || 279,785,000 || +10.1% || 27,541,000 || 9.8% || 252,120,000 || 90.1% |- |2000 || 312,427,000 || +11.7% || 30,588,000 || 9.8% || 281,711,000 || 90.2% |- |2010 || 343,287,000 || +9.9% || 34,148,000 || 9.9% || 309,011,000 || 90.0% |- |2020 || 368,870,000 || +7.5% || 37,742,000 || 10.2% || 331,003,000 || 89.7% |- |}
== See also == {{portal|Geography<!-- |Americas -->|North America<!-- |Northern America -->}}
* Americas (terminology) * Anglo-America * Caribbean * Central America * Middle America * ''The Nine Nations of North America'' * West Indies * Western world
== References == {{reflist}}
==External links== * [https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/canada-and-the-united-states Canada and the United States, by Stephen Azzi and J.L. Granatstein]
{{Continents of the world}} {{Regions of the world}}
Category:Northern America Category:1750s neologisms Category:Regions of North America