Tyromyces

{{Short description|Genus of fungi}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Tyromyces chioneus 2 G6.jpg | image_caption = ''Tyromyces chioneus'' | taxon = Tyromyces | authority = P.Karst. (1881) | type_species = ''Tyromyces chioneus'' | type_species_authority = (Fr.) P.Karst. (1881) | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = }}

'''''Tyromyces''''' is a genus of poroid fungi in the family Polyporaceae. It was circumscribed by mycologist Petter Karsten in 1881.<ref name="Karsten 1881"/> The type species is the widely distributed ''Tyromyces chioneus'', commonly known as the white cheese polypore.<ref name="Roody 2003"/> The phylogenetic position of ''Tyromyces'' within the Polyporales is uncertain, but it appears that it does not belong to the "core polyporoid clade".<ref name="Binder et al. 2013"/> ''Tyromyces'' is polyphyletic as it is currently circumscribed, and has been described as "a dumping place for monomitic white-rot species with thin-walled spores."<ref name="Miettinen 2012"/>

The genus name is derived from the Ancient Greek words {{lang|grc|τυρός}} ("cheese") and {{lang|grc|μύχης}} (fungus").<ref name="Donk 1960"/>

==Description== ''Tyromyces'' fungi have fruit bodies that are pileate (i.e., with a cap) to resupinate (crust-like). Fruit bodies are short-lived, and often mostly white, but turning a darker colour when dry. The colour of the pore surface is usually white to cream, sometime with greenish tinges. Like the cap surface, it darkens when dry.<ref name="Ryvarden 2014"/>

===Microscopic characteristics=== The hyphal system is either monomitic (meaning the fungus contains only generative hyphae, which in this case have clamps) or dimitic, containing both generative and skeletal hyphae. The spores are smooth, thin-walled, and hyaline (translucent). They are allantoid (long with rounded ends) to ovoid (egg-shaped), and are non-reactive with Melzer's reagent. There are no cystidia in the hymenium, although there may be cystidioles (sterile cells of about the same diameter and shape as an immature basidium that protrude beyond the surface of the hymenium).<ref name="Ryvarden 2014"/>

''Tyromyces'' are white rot fungi with a cosmopolitan distribution.<ref name="Ryvarden 2014"/>

==Species== {{As of|2016|September}}, Index Fungorum accepts 119 species of ''Tyromyces''.<ref name="Fungorum-CoL"/> *''Tyromyces albiformis'' Quanten (1997)<ref name="Quanten 1997"/> – Papua New Guinea *''Tyromyces albogilvus'' (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Murrill (1907) *''Tyromyces albovinaceus'' Corner (1989)<ref name="Corner 1989"/> *''Tyromyces albus'' Ryvarden (2013)<ref name="Ryvarden 2012"/> *''Tyromyces allantoideus'' M.P.Christ. (1960)<ref name="Christiansen 1960"/> – Europe *''Tyromyces amarus'' (Hedgc.) J.Lowe (1975) *''Tyromyces apalus'' Bondartsev (1953) *''Tyromyces aquosus'' (Henn.) Ryvarden (2014)<ref name="Ryvarden 2012b"/> – Brazil *''Tyromyces armeniacus'' J.D.Zhao & X.Q.Zhang (1983)<ref name="Zhao 1983"/> – China *''Tyromyces atroalbus'' (Rick) Rajchenb. (1987) *''Tyromyces atrostrigosus'' (Cooke) G.Cunn. (1965) *''Tyromyces aurantiacus'' (Komarova) Komarova (1964) *''Tyromyces avellaneialbus'' Murrill (1938) *''Tyromyces bibulus'' (Pers.) Bondartsev & Singer (1941) *''Tyromyces carbonicola'' Corner (1992) *''Tyromyces carpatorossicus'' (Pilát ex Pilát) Bondartsev (1953) *''Tyromyces catervatus'' (Berk.) G.Cunn. (1965) *''Tyromyces chioneus'' (Fr.) P.Karst. (1881) *''Tyromyces cinereobrunneus'' Bitew & Ryvarden (2004)<ref name="Bitew 2004"/> – Ethiopia *''Tyromyces cinnamomeiporus'' Corner (1989) *''Tyromyces cinnamomeus'' M.Mata & Ryvarden (2010)<ref name="Mata & Ryvarden 2010"/> – Costa Rica *''Tyromyces citriniporus'' Corner (1992) *''Tyromyces corniculatus'' Corner (1989) *''Tyromyces corticicola'' Corner (1989) *''Tyromyces crassisporus'' Log.-Leite & J.E.Wright (1991) *''Tyromyces crispellus'' (Peck) Murrill (1907) *''Tyromyces dacrydii'' Corner (1989) *''Tyromyces descendens'' Corner (1989) *''Tyromyces dianthicolor'' Corner (1989) *''Tyromyces duplexus'' M.Mata & Ryvarden (2010)<ref name="Mata & Ryvarden 2010"/> – Costa Rica *''Tyromyces duracinus'' (Pat.) Murrill (1907) – South America *''Tyromyces eberhardtii'' (Pat.) Ryvarden (1983) *''Tyromyces ethiopicus'' Bitew & Ryvarden (2004)<ref name="Bitew 2004"/> – Ethiopia *''Tyromyces exiguus'' (Colenso) G.Cunn. (1965) *''Tyromyces falcatus'' G.Cunn. (1965) *''Tyromyces favulus'' Corner (1989) *''Tyromyces formosanus'' T.T.Chang & W.N.Chou (1999) *''Tyromyces fumidiceps'' G.F.Atk. (1908)<ref name="Atkinson 1908"/> – North America *''Tyromyces galactinus'' (Berk.) J.Lowe (1975) – Portugal thumb|right|''T. galactinus'' *''Tyromyces gilvellus'' (Pilát) Komarova (1964) *''Tyromyces globosporus'' Ipulet & Ryvarden (2005)<ref name="Ipulet 2005"/> – Africa *''Tyromyces gollanii'' (Massee) S.Ahmad (1972) *''Tyromyces hispidulinanus'' Corner (1989) *''Tyromyces humeana'' (Murrill) J.Lowe (1975) *''Tyromyces hyalinus'' (Berk.) Ryvarden (1980) *''Tyromyces hypocitrinus'' (Berk.) Ryvarden (1984) *''Tyromyces illudens'' (Overh. & J.Lowe) J.Lowe (1975) – New South Wales *''Tyromyces imbricatus'' J.D.Zhao & X.Q.Zhang (1983) *''Tyromyces incarnatus'' Imazeki (1954) *''Tyromyces inodermatus'' Corner (1989) *''Tyromyces interponens'' Corner (1989) *''Tyromyces irpiceus'' Corner (1989) *''Tyromyces kmetii'' (Bres.) Bondartsev & Singer (1941) thumb|right|''T. kmetii'' *''Tyromyces lacteus'' (Fr.) Murrill (1907) – Great Britain *''Tyromyces languidus'' Corner (1989) *''Tyromyces leucomallus'' (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Murrill (1907) *''Tyromyces leucospongia'' (Cooke & Harkn.) Bondartsev & Singer (1941) – United States thumb|right|''T. leucospongia'' *''Tyromyces levis'' Corner (1989) *''Tyromyces limitatus'' Ryvarden (2000)<ref name="Ryvarden 2000"/> *''Tyromyces lineatus'' (Overh.) J.Lowe (1975) *''Tyromyces magnisporus'' Murrill (1940) *''Tyromyces marianii'' (Bres.) Ryvarden (1988) *''Tyromyces mediocris'' Corner (1989) *''Tyromyces merrittii'' Murrill (1908) *''Tyromyces mexicanus'' Ryvarden & Guzmán (2001)<ref name="Ryvarden & Guzmán 2001"/> – Mexico *''Tyromyces mollicaseus'' Corner (1989) *''Tyromyces navarroi'' M.Mata & Ryvarden (2010)<ref name="Mata & Ryvarden 2010"/> – Costa Rica *''Tyromyces nemorosus'' Corner (1989) *''Tyromyces neostrigosus'' Ryvarden & Iturr. (2003) *''Tyromyces nodulosus'' Ryvarden (2000)<ref name="Ryvarden 2000"/> *''Tyromyces ochraceicarneus'' Corner (1992) *''Tyromyces ochraceivinosus'' Corner (1989) *''Tyromyces olivascens'' (Corner) T.Hatt. (2003) *''Tyromyces oxyporoides'' Ryvarden & Iturr. (2011) *''Tyromyces pendens'' Ipulet & Ryvarden (2005) *''Tyromyces perskeletalis'' Corner (1989) *''Tyromyces pinguis'' Corner (1992) *''Tyromyces polyetes'' Parmasto (1959) *''Tyromyces polyporoides'' Ryvarden & Iturr. (2003) *''Tyromyces praeguttulatus'' (Murrill) Ryvarden (1985) *''Tyromyces pseudoalbidus'' Bondartseva (1970)<ref name="Bondartseva 1969"/> *''Tyromyces pseudohoehnelii'' Bondartsev & Komarova (1959) *''Tyromyces pulcherrimus'' (Rodway) G.Cunn. (1965) – Australia thumb|right|''T. pulcherrimus'' *''Tyromyces pulviniformis'' Corner (1989) *''Tyromyces pusillicaesius'' Corner (1989) *''Tyromyces pusillus'' (Fr.) G.Cunn. (1965) *''Tyromyces raduloides'' (Henn.) Ryvarden (1980) *''Tyromyces reticulatomarginatus'' (Pilát) Bondartsev & Singer (1941) *''Tyromyces rhodomelon'' Corner (1989) *''Tyromyces rubrifuscescens'' Corner (1989) *''Tyromyces rufipendens'' Corner (1989) *''Tyromyces rufipileatus'' Corner (1989) *''Tyromyces sambuceus'' (Lloyd) Imazeki (1943) *''Tyromyces satakei'' (Imazeki) Quanten (1997) *''Tyromyces semilimitatus'' Ryvarden & Iturr. (2011) *''Tyromyces setiger'' (Cooke) Teng (1963) *''Tyromyces sinapicolor'' Corner (1992)<ref name="Corner 1992"/> *''Tyromyces singeri'' Ryvarden (1987)<ref name="Ryvarden 1987"/> *''Tyromyces squamosellus'' Núñez & Ryvarden (1999) *''Tyromyces squamulosus'' (Bres.) Ryvarden (1988) – Japan<ref name="Núñez 1999"/> *''Tyromyces stenomitis'' Corner (1989) *''Tyromyces subacutus'' (Murrill) Ryvarden (1985) *''Tyromyces sublacteus'' M.P.Christ. (1960)<ref name="Christiansen 1960"/> – Europe *''Tyromyces subradiatus'' Corner (1989) *''Tyromyces subroseiporus'' Corner (1989) *''Tyromyces subrubescens'' Corner (1989) *''Tyromyces subviridis'' Ryvarden & Guzmán (2001)<ref name="Ryvarden & Guzmán 2001"/> – Mexico *''Tyromyces sulfureiceps'' Corner (1989) *''Tyromyces tephronotus'' (Berk.) G.Cunn. (1965) – Tasmania *''Tyromyces tephrus'' (Pat.) Ryvarden (1983) *''Tyromyces tibeticus'' J.D.Zhao & X.Q.Zhang (1983) *''Tyromyces toatoa'' G.Cunn. (1965)<ref name="Cunningham 1965"/> – New Zealand *''Tyromyces tristaniae'' Corner (1989) *''Tyromyces viride'' Ryvarden & Guzmán (2001)<ref name="Ryvarden & Guzmán 2001"/> – Mexico *''Tyromyces vitellinus'' Ryvarden & Hauskn. (2006)<ref name="Ryvarden et al. 2006"/> *''Tyromyces vivii'' Homble ex Ryvarden (2003) *''Tyromyces xuchilensis'' (Murrill) Ryvarden (1985) – Bolivia, China<ref name="Zhao 2017"/> *''Tyromyces zameriensis'' (Pilát) Bondartsev (1953)

==References== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em|refs=

<ref name="Atkinson 1908">{{cite journal |author=Atkinson, G.F. |year=1908 |title=Notes on some new species of fungi from the United States |journal=Annales Mycologici |volume=6 |pages=54–62}}</ref>

<ref name="Binder et al. 2013">{{cite journal |author1=Binder, Manfred |author2=Justo, Alfredo |author3=Riley, Robert |author4=Salamov, Asaf |author5=Lopez-Giraldez, Francesc |author6=Sjökvist, Elisabet |author7=Copeland, Alex |author8=Foster, Brian |author9=Sun, Hui |author10=Larsson, Ellen |author11=Larsson, Karl-Henrik |author12=Townsend, Jeffrey |author13=Grigoriev, Igor V. |author14=Hibbett, David S. |year=2013 |title=Phylogenetic and phylogenomic overview of the Polyporales |journal=Mycologia |volume=105 |issue=6 |pages=1350–1373 |doi=10.3852/13-003 |pmid=23935031|s2cid=20812924 }}</ref>

<ref name="Bitew 2004">{{cite journal |author1=Bitew, A. |author2=Ryvarden, L. |year=2004 |title=Two new ''Tyromyces'' species from Ethiopia |journal=Synopsis Fungorum |volume=18 |pages=80–82}}</ref>

<ref name="Bondartseva 1969">{{cite journal |author=Bondartseva, M.A. |year=1969 |title=Species novae Polyporacearum |journal=Novosti Sistematiki Nizshikh Rastenii |volume=6 |pages=142–146}}</ref>

<ref name="Christiansen 1960">{{cite journal |author=Christiansen, M.P. |year=1960 |title=Danish resupinate fungi. Part II. Homobasidiomycetes |journal=Dansk Botanisk Arkiv |volume=19 |issue=2 |page=359}}</ref>

<ref name="Corner 1989">{{cite book |author=Corner, E.J.H. |year=1989 |title=Ad Polyporaceas V. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia |volume=96 |page=159}}</ref>

<ref name="Corner 1992">{{cite journal |author=Corner, E.J.H. |year=1992 |title=Additional resupinate non-xanthochroic polypores from Brazil and Malesia |journal=Nova Hedwigia |volume=55 |pages=119–152}}</ref>

<ref name="Cunningham 1965">{{cite journal |author=Cunningham, G.H. |year=1965 |title=Polyporaceae of New Zealand |journal=Bulletin of the New Zealand Department of Industrial Research |volume=164 |page=262}}</ref>

<ref name="Donk 1960">{{cite journal |author=Donk, M.A. |year=1960 |title=The generic names proposed for Polyporaceae |journal=Persoonia |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=173–302 |url=http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/61056/0001/002/0173.htm}}</ref>

<ref name="Fungorum-CoL">{{cite web |author=Kirk, P.M. |title=Species Fungorum (version 26th August 2016). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life |url=http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/browse/tree/id/cc9f30154214660a61d445dded9c34d5 |accessdate=2016-09-17}}</ref>

<ref name="Ipulet 2005">{{cite journal |author1=Ipulet, P. |author2=Ryvarden, L. |year=2005 |title=The genus ''Tyromyces'' in tropical Africa |journal=Synopsis Fungorum |volume=20 |pages=79–86}}</ref>

<ref name="Karsten 1881">{{cite journal |author=Karsten, P.A. |year=1881 |title=Enumeratio Boletinearum et Polyporearum Fennicarum, systemate novo dispositarum |journal=Revue Mycologique Toulouse |volume=3 |issue=9 |pages=16–19 |language=Latin}}</ref>

<ref name="Mata & Ryvarden 2010">{{cite journal |author1=Mata, M. |author2=Ryvarden, L. |year=2010 |title=Studies in neotropical polypores 27. More new and interesting species from Costa Rica |journal=Synopsis Fungorum |volume=27 |pages=59–72}}</ref>

<ref name="Miettinen 2012">{{cite journal |author1=Miettinen, Otto |author2=Rajchenberg, Mario |year=2012 |title=''Obba'' and ''Sebipora'', new polypore genera related to ''Cinereomyces'' and ''Gelatoporia'' (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) |journal=Mycological Progress |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=131–147 |doi=10.1007/s11557-010-0736-8|s2cid=255315066 |hdl=11336/194489 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name="Núñez 1999">{{cite journal |author1=Núñez, Maria |author2=Ryvarden, Leif |title=New and interesting polypores from Japan |journal=Fungal Diversity |year=1999 |volume=3 |pages=107–121 |url=http://www.fungaldiversity.org/fdp/sfdp/FD_3_107-121.pdf }}</ref>

<ref name="Quanten 1997">{{cite journal |author=Quanten, E. |year=1997 |title=The polypores (Polyporaceae s.l.) of Papua New Guinea. A preliminary conspectus |journal=Opera Botanica Belgica |volume=11 |pages=1–352}}</ref>

<ref name="Roody 2003">{{cite book |author=Roody, W.R. |title=Mushrooms of West Virginia and the Central Appalachians |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5HGMPEiy4ykC&pg=PA388 |year=2003 |publisher=University Press of Kentucky |isbn=978-0-8131-2813-9 |page=388}}</ref>

<ref name="Ryvarden 1987">{{cite journal |author=Ryvarden, L. |year=1987 |title=New and noteworthy polypores from tropical America |journal=Mycotaxon |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=525–541 |url=http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0028/002/0525.htm}}</ref>

<ref name="Ryvarden 2000">{{cite journal |author=Ryvarden, L. |year=2000 |title=Studies in neotropical polypores. 5. New and noteworthy species from Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands |journal=Mycotaxon |volume=74 |issue=1 |pages=119–129 |url=http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0074/001/0119.htm}}</ref>

<ref name="Ryvarden 2012">{{cite journal |author=Ryvarden, Leif |year=2012 |title=Studies in Neotropical polypores 32 |journal=Synopsis Fungorum |volume=30 |pages=33–43}}</ref>

<ref name="Ryvarden 2012b">{{cite journal |author=Ryvarden, Leif |year=2012 |title=Type studies in Polyporaceae 27. Species described by P. Ch. Hennings |journal=Czech Mycology |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=13–31 |doi=10.33585/cmy.64103 |url=http://www.czechmycology.org/_cmo/CM64102.pdf}}</ref>

<ref name="Ryvarden 2014">{{cite book |author1=Ryvarden, Leif |author2=Melo, Ireneia |title=Poroid Fungi of Europe |year=2014 |series=Synopsis Fungorum |volume=31 |publisher=Fungiflora |location=Oslo, Norway |isbn=978-8290724462 |page=434}}</ref>

<ref name="Ryvarden et al. 2006">{{cite journal |author1=Ryvarden, L. |author2=Hausknecht, A. |author3=Krisai-Greilhuber, I. |year=2006 |title=''Coltricia grandispora'' and ''Tyromyces vitellinus'', two new polypores |journal=Österreichische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde |volume=15 |pages=143–147}}</ref>

<ref name="Ryvarden & Guzmán 2001">{{cite journal |author1=Ryvarden, L |author2=Guzmán, G. |year=2001 |title=Studies in neotropical polypores 12. New and noteworthy polypores from Mexico |journal=Mycotaxon |volume=78 |pages=245–256 |url=http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0078/0245.htm}}</ref>

<ref name="Zhao 1983">{{cite journal |author=Zhao, J.D. |author2=Zhang, X.Q. |year=1983 |title=New species of genus ''Tyromyces'' from China |journal=Acta Mycologica Sinica |volume=2 |pages=18–25 |language=Chinese}}</ref>

<ref name="Zhao 2017">{{cite journal |author1=Zhao, Chang-Lin |author2=Liu, Shi-Liang |author3=Ren, Guang-Juan |author4=Ji, Xiao-Hong |author5=He, Shuanghui |year=2017 |title=Three species of wood-decaying fungi in Polyporales new to China |journal=Mycotaxon |volume=132 |issue=1 |pages=29–42 |doi=10.5248/132.29|doi-access=free }}</ref>

}}

Category:Tyromyces Category:Polyporales genera Category:Taxa named by Petter Adolf Karsten Category:Taxa described in 1881