Typographical Association

{{EngvarB|date=February 2020}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}} {{Infobox union | name = Typographical Association | image =  | founded = 1848 | predecessor = National Typographical Association | dissolved = 1964 | merged_into = National Graphical Association | num_members = 38,277 (1939)<ref>{{cite book|last1=Musson|first1=A. E.|title=The Typographical Association|url=https://archive.org/details/typographicalass0000muss|url-access=registration|date=1954|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=London|page=[https://archive.org/details/typographicalass0000muss/page/351 351]}}</ref> | publication = ''Typographical Circular'' | location = United Kingdom and Ireland | affiliations = TUC, ITUC, P&KTF, IGF, Labour | headquarters = Beechwood, Oak Drive, Fallowfield, Manchester | footnotes = }} The '''Typographical Association''' ('''TA''') was a trade union representing typographers in the United Kingdom and Ireland.

==History== The National Typographical Association collapsed in 1848, and delegates from across Yorkshire and Lancashire met at Angel Street in Sheffield to found the '''Provincial Typographical Association''', intended to recreate the former Northern Typographical Union and to focus on paying benefits to members on strike. The union grew gradually from 481 members at the end of 1849 to 5,300 in 1877. In that year, it merged with a related relief association and dropped "Provincial" from its title.{{citation needed|date=February 2020}}

Based in Manchester, the union focussed on demanding members serve a seven-year apprenticeship. In 1894, it began admitting women. In the 1910s, the Association established a branch in London, but the Trades Union Congress instituted arbitration which restricted it from a fifteen-mile radius of central London, the rival London Society of Compositors having rights to organise in the city.{{citation needed|date=February 2020}}

By 1946, membership had reached 13,958.<ref>Labour Party, ''Report of the Forty-Fifth Annual Conference of the Labour Party'', p.78</ref> In 1964, the Association merged with the London Typographical Society to create the National Graphical Association.{{citation needed|date=February 2020}}

==Election results== The union sponsored Labour Party candidates in several Parliamentary elections, many of whom won election.

{| class="wikitable sortable" ! Election !! Constituency !! Candidate !! Votes !! Percentage !! Position |- | 1906 general election || Norwich || {{sortname|George Henry|Roberts}} || 11,059 || 37.5 || 1 |- | 1910 Jan general election || Norwich || {{sortname|George Henry|Roberts}} || 11,159 || 28.7 || 2 |- | 1910 Dec general election || Norwich || {{sortname|George Henry|Roberts}} || 10,003 || 35.8 || 2 |- | 1917 by-election || Norwich || {{sortname|George Henry|Roberts}} || unopposed || ''N/A'' || 1 |- | 1918 general election || West Bromwich || {{sortname|Frederick|Roberts|Frederick Roberts (politician)}} || 11,572 || 54.0 || 1 |- |rowspan=2| 1922 general election || Buckingham || {{sortname|Owen|Connellan|Owen Connellan (politician)}} || 7,343 || 26.3 || 2 |- | West Bromwich || {{sortname|Frederick|Roberts|Frederick Roberts (politician)}} || 14,210 || 50.6 || 1 |- | 1923 general election || West Bromwich || {{sortname|Frederick|Roberts|Frederick Roberts (politician)}} || 12,910 || 44.8 || 1 |- | 1924 general election || West Bromwich || {{sortname|Frederick|Roberts|Frederick Roberts (politician)}} || 15,384 || 51.6 || 1 |- | 1929 general election || West Bromwich || {{sortname|Frederick|Roberts|Frederick Roberts (politician)}} || 19,621 || 52.1 || 1<ref name="lab29">{{cite journal |title=List of Labour Candidates and Election Results, May 30th, 1929| journal=Report of the Annual Conference of the Labour Party |date=1929 |pages=24–44}}</ref> |- | 1931 general election || West Bromwich || {{sortname|Frederick|Roberts|Frederick Roberts (politician)}} || 17,204 || 44.4 || 2<ref name="lab31">{{cite journal |title=List of Endorsed Labour Candidates and Election Results, October 27, 1931|journal=Report of the Annual Conference of the Labour Party |date=1931 |pages=11–27}}</ref> |- |rowspan=2| 1935 general election || Blackburn || {{sortname|George Henry|Walker}} || 34,423 || 23.8 || 4<ref name="lab35">{{cite journal |title=List of Endorsed Labour Candidates and Election Results, November 14, 1935 |journal=Report of the Annual Conference of the Labour Party |date=1935 |pages=8–23}}</ref> |- | West Bromwich || {{sortname|Frederick|Roberts|Frederick Roberts (politician)}} || 19,113 || 51.3 || 1<ref name="lab35" /> |- |rowspan=2| 1945 general election || Bristol South || {{sortname|William|Wilkins|William Wilkins (British politician)}} || 24,929 || 58.8 || 1<ref name="lab45">Labour Party, ''Report of the Forty-Fifth Annual Conference of the Labour Party'', pp.232-248</ref> |- | Rossendale || {{sortname|George Henry|Walker}} || 15,741 || 43.6 || 1<ref name="lab45" /> |- |rowspan=2| 1950 general election || Bristol South || {{sortname|William|Wilkins|William Wilkins (British politician)}} || 23,456 || 59.9 || 1<ref name="lab50">{{cite journal |title=List of Parliamentary Labour candidates and election results, February 23rd, 1950 |journal=Report of the Forty-Ninth Annual Conference of the Labour Party |date=1950 |pages=179–198}}</ref> |- | Woodford || {{sortname|Seymour|Hills|nolink=1}} || 18,740 || 30.0 || 2<ref name="lab50" /> |- | 1951 general election || Bristol South || {{sortname|William|Wilkins|William Wilkins (British politician)}} || 24,444 || 63.3 || 1<ref name="lab51">{{cite journal |title=List of Parliamentary Labour candidates and election results, 25th October, 1951 |journal=Report of the Fiftieth Annual Conference of the Labour Party |date=1951 |pages=184–203}}</ref> |- | 1955 general election || Bristol South || {{sortname|William|Wilkins|William Wilkins (British politician)}} || 24,954 || 64.1 || 1<ref name="lab55">Labour Party, ''Report of the Fifty-Fourth Annual Conference of the Labour Party'', pp.255-275</ref> |- | 1959 general election || Bristol South || {{sortname|William|Wilkins|William Wilkins (British politician)}} || 27,010 || 60.8 || 1<ref name="lab59">Labour Party, ''Report of the Fifty-Eighth Annual Conference of the Labour Party'', pp.179-201</ref> |}

In both the 1910 elections, Roberts was elected by taking second place in a two-seat constituency.

==Leadership== ===General Secretaries=== :1849: Josephus Speak :1865: Henry Roberts :1869: Henry Slatter :1897: Richard Hackett :1900: A. W. Jones :1900: Herbert Skinner :1934: John Fletcher :1942: Harry Riding :1955: F. C. Blackburn :1957: John Bonfield

===General Presidents=== :1852: William Dronfield :1855: :1886: Owen Connellan :1888: Daniel Bird :1889: :1891: Richard Hackett :1892: :1893: Richard Hackett :1897: :1899: O. Waddington :1902: H. Matthewman :1908: John H. Boothman :1913: Jimmy French :1934: Hugh Inglis :1949: F. C. Blackburn :1955: John Bonfield :1957: Fred Simmons

==References== *Arthur Marsh, Victoria Ryan and John B. Smethurst, ''Historical Directory of Trade Unions'' *Albert Edward Musson, ''The Typographical Association: Origins and History Up to 1949''

;Specific <references />

==External links== *[https://mrc.epexio.com/records/TPA Catalogue of the TA archives], held at the Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick

Category:Typographical Association Category:1849 establishments in the United Kingdom Category:1964 disestablishments in the United Kingdom Category:Defunct trade unions of the United Kingdom Category:Typesetters Category:Printing trade unions Category:Trade unions established in the 1840s Category:Trade unions disestablished in 1964 Category:Trade unions based in Greater Manchester