Typhoon-class submarine

{{short description|Class of nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines}} {{distinguish|Akula-class submarine}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}} {{Infobox ship |section1={{Infobox ship/image | image = Typhoon class SSBN.svg | image_caption = Project 941 Akula SSBN profile }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/image | image = Typhoon3.jpg | image_caption = A ''Typhoon''-class submarine }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/class overview | name = Project 941 Akula | builders = Sevmash, designed by Rubin | operators = *{{navy|Soviet Union}} * {{navy|Russia}} | class_before = {{sclass2|Delta|submarine|4}} | class_after = {{sclass2|Borei|submarine|4}} | subclasses = | cost = | built_range = 1976–1989 | in_service_range = 1981–2023 | total_ships_building = | total_ships_planned = 7 | total_ships_completed = 6 | total_ships_canceled = 1 | total_ships_laid_up = 3<ref>{{cite web | url=https://seawaves.com/2022/12/15/russia-announces-decommissioning-of-the-last-typhoon/ | title=Russia Announces Decommissioning of the Last Typhoon | access-date=15 December 2022 | archive-date=29 January 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129124042/https://seawaves.com/2022/12/15/russia-announces-decommissioning-of-the-last-typhoon/ }}</ref><ref name="navyrecognition"/> | total_ships_lost = | total_ships_retired = 6 | total_ships_preserved =1 }}

|section4={{Infobox ship/characteristics | hide_header = | header_caption = | type = Ballistic missile submarine | displacement = *{{cvt|23200|t|LT|-1|lk=on}} surfaced * {{cvt|48000|t|LT|-1|abbr=on}} submerged | length = {{convert|175|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | beam = {{convert|23|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | height = | draught = {{convert|12|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | depth = | power = | propulsion = *2 × OK-650 pressurized-water nuclear reactors, 190 MWt each, HEU <= 45%<ref>{{cite web| url=https://lynceans.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Marine-Nuclear-Power-1939-2018_Part-3A_R1_Russia_submarines.pdf | title=Marine Nuclear Power: 1939 – 2018 - Part 3A: Russia | first=Peter | last=Lobner}}</ref> * 2 × geared steam turbines, {{cvt|50000|SHP}} each * 2 shafts with 7-bladed shrouded screws | speed = *{{convert|22.22|kn|lk=in}} surfaced * {{convert|27|kn}} submerged | range = Unlimited | endurance = 120+ days submerged<ref name="Podvodnye Lodki 2002">{{cite book |title=Корабли ВМФ СССР |trans-title=Ships of the Soviet Navy |chapter=Podvodnye Lodki [Submarines] |first=Yu.V. |last=Apalkov |location=Sankt-Peterburg |publisher=Галея Принт |date=2002 |isbn=5-8172-0069-4}}</ref> | test_depth = {{convert|400|m|ft|-2|abbr=on}} | complement = 160 persons<ref name="Podvodnye Lodki 2002"/> | sensors = | EW = | armament = *1 × 9K38 Igla SAM * 6 × {{convert|533|mm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes<ref name=deepstorm>{{cite web | url=http://www.deepstorm.ru/DeepStorm.files/45-92/nbrs/941/list.htm | title=Подводные лодки. Проект 941 }}</ref> * 22 x Type 53 torpedoes and RPK-2 ''Vyuga'' or RPK-6 ''Vodopad'' antisubmarine missiles<ref name=deepstorm /> * D-19 launch system * 20 × RSM-52 SLBMs | armor = | notes = }} }}

The '''Project 941 ''Akula''''' ({{langx|ru|Акула||shark}}; NATO reporting name '''Typhoon''') is a retired class of nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines designed and built by the Soviet Union for the Soviet Navy. With a submerged displacement of {{cvt|48000|t|LT|lk=on}},<ref name="Podvodnye Lodki 2002"/> the Typhoons are the largest submarines ever built,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationalgeographic.com/k19/sub_detail_sov5.html |title=World's Largest Submarines - 1981: Typhoon Class (Soviet and Russian) |work=National Geographic |date=1981-12-12 |access-date=2011-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604233751/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/k19/sub_detail_sov5.html |archive-date=2011-06-04 }}</ref> able to accommodate comfortable living facilities for the crew of 160 when submerged for several months.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Wake Forest Magazine |date=March 2001 |volume=48 |issue=3 |pages=28–31 |title=Essay - The Hunt for Big Red |last=Waller |first=Douglas C. |url=http://www.wfu.edu/magazine/archive/wfm.2001.03.pdf |access-date=13 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012205646/http://www.wfu.edu/magazine/archive/wfm.2001.03.pdf |archive-date=12 October 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> The source of the NATO reporting name remains unclear, although it is often claimed to be related to the use of the word "typhoon" ("тайфун") by General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev of the Communist Party in a 1974 speech while describing a new type of nuclear ballistic missile submarine, as a reaction to the United States Navy's new {{sclass|Ohio|submarine|1}}.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Get a policy, please |journal=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |volume=57 |issue=2001 |pages=21–23 |doi=10.2968/057001008 |year=2001 |last1=Hitchens |first1=Theresa|doi-access=free }}</ref>

The Russian Navy cancelled its modernization program in March 2012, stating that modernizing one Typhoon would be as expensive as building two new {{sclass2|Borei|submarine|1}}s.<ref name="rn14502">{{cite web |url=http://rusnavy.com/news/newsofday/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=14502 |title=Russian Navy Abandons Akula Modernization Project |website=Russian Navy |date=2012-07-03 |access-date=2012-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201081454/http://rusnavy.com/news/newsofday/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=14502 |archive-date=2013-02-01 }}</ref> A total of six boats of the Typhoon class had been built and a seventh was started but never finished.<ref name="USNI" /> Three boats were decommissioned in the 1990s and were scrapped in the 2000s, another two were placed in reserve in 2004 and are currently decommissioned. With the announcement that Russia has eliminated the last R-39 Rif (SS-N-20 "Sturgeon") submarine-launched ballistic missiles in September 2012, only one Typhoon remained in service, {{ship|Russian submarine|Dmitry Donskoy|TK-208|2}}, which was refitted with the more modern RSM-56 Bulava SLBM for testing. She continued to serve until February 2023, when she was decommissioned. In March 2025 it was announced that ''Dmitry Donskoy'' will be turned into a museum ship in Saint Petersburg.

==Description== thumb|300px|Typhoon class general arrangements: 1 - outer hull; 2 - 533 mm forward torpedo tubes; 3 - pressure hull (forward); 4 - stowable forward hydroplanes; 5 - escape hatches; 6 - torpedo compartment pressure hull; 7 - sonar compartment; 8 - 20 x R-39 ballistic missile tubes; 9 - control room; 10 - escape capsules; 11 - retractable devices; 12 - Fin; 13 - radio room; 14 - reactor compartment; 15 - hangar / payload doors for towed communication buoy; 16 - protrusions to prevent ice damaging the propellers; 17 - turbine compartment; 18 - machine compartment, 19 - hydrodynamic vortex smoothing protrusions; 20 - vertical stabiliser; 21 - rudders; 22 - ducted propeller; 23 - aft hydroplanes; 24 - sonar; 25 - stowable thrusters; 26 - missile compartment; 27 - crew compartment; 28 - 2 x OK-650 nuclear reactors; 29 - propeller shaft; 30 - horizontal stabiliser; 31 - pressure hull (forward); 32 - main pressure hull (starboard); 33 - main pressure hull (port); 34 - pressure hull (fin); 35 - pressure hull (aft); 36 - rapid dive tank; i - attack periscope; ii - navigation periscope; iii - radio sextant; iv - radar/ESM system; v - snorkel; vi & viii - radio communications; vii - direction finding; ix - satellite communication/positioning antenna; x - hull mounted towed sonar array Soviet – subsequently Russian – nuclear submarines are identified by the letter "K" followed by a number (for example, the lead boat of the {{sclass|Yasen|submarine|4}}, the {{ship|Russian submarine|Severodvinsk|K-560|2}}, is K-560). K stands for Cruiser: (''Крейсер''). The sheer displacement of the Typhoon-class boats, comparable to several aircraft carrier classes, led to their classification as Heavy Cruisers (''Тяжелый Крейсер'').

Besides their missile armament, the Typhoon class featured six torpedo tubes designed to handle RPK-2 (SS-N-15) missiles or Type 53 torpedoes. A Typhoon-class submarine could stay submerged for 120 days<ref name="Podvodnye Lodki 2002"/> in normal conditions, and potentially more if deemed necessary (e.g., in the case of a nuclear war). Their primary weapons system was composed of 20 R-39 (NATO: SS-N-20) submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs) with a maximum of ten multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle nuclear warheads each. Technically, Typhoons were able to deploy their long-range nuclear missiles while moored at their docks.<ref name="FAS">{{cite web |url=https://fas.org/nuke/guide/russia/slbm/941.htm |title=941 Typhoon – Russian and Soviet Nuclear Forces |website=Federation of American Scientists |first=John |last=Pike |date=25 August 2000 |access-date=2011-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811175029/http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/russia/slbm/941.htm |archive-date=2011-08-11 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Typhoon-class submarines featured multiple pressure hulls which simplifies internal design while making the vessel much wider than a normal submarine. In the main body of the sub, two long pressure hulls lie parallel with a third, smaller pressure hull above them (which protrudes just below the sail), and two other pressure hulls for torpedoes and steering gear. This also greatly increases their survivability – even if one pressure hull is breached, the crew members in the other are safe and there is less potential for flooding. Its ballistic missiles were placed between the two main pressure hulls, their launch tubes enclosed only by the outer, "light" hull.

The Typhoon was capable of traveling at {{convert|28|knot}} submerged.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://foxtrotalpha.jalopnik.com/the-massive-soviet-sub-that-inspired-hunt-for-red-octo-1552057821 |title=The Massive Soviet Sub That Inspired 'Hunt For Red October' |first=Tyler |last=Rogoway |date=27 March 2014 |website=Foxtrot Alpha |access-date=2019-01-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114044435/https://foxtrotalpha.jalopnik.com/the-massive-soviet-sub-that-inspired-hunt-for-red-octo-1552057821 |archive-date=2019-01-14 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==History== thumb|left|Size comparison of common World War II submarines with the Typhoon class thumb|left|Soviet Typhoon-class ballistic missile submarine, with inset of an American football field graphic to convey a sense of the enormous size of the vesselThe Typhoon class was developed under Project 941 as the Soviet ''Akula'' class (''Акула''), meaning shark. It is sometimes confused with other submarines, as Akula is the name NATO uses to designate the Russian Project 971 ''Shchuka-B'' (''Щука-Б'')-class attack submarines. The project was developed with the objective to match the SLBM armament of {{sclass|Ohio|submarine|2}}s, capable of carrying 192 nuclear warheads, 100 kt each, but with significantly longer range. To accommodate this increase in range, Soviet SLBMs were substantially larger and heavier than their American adversaries (the R-39s is more than twice as heavy as the UGM-96 Trident I; it remains the heaviest SLBM to have been in service worldwide). The submarine had to be scaled accordingly.<ref name="USNI">{{Cite web |url=https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1999-02/world-naval-developments-typhoon-saga-ends |title=World Naval Developments: The Typhoon Saga Ends |first=Norman |last=Friedman |date=February 1999 |work=Proceedings of the U.S. Naval Institute |access-date=2017-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811105056/https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1999-02/world-naval-developments-typhoon-saga-ends |archive-date=2017-08-11 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In the early 1990s, there were also proposals to refit some of the Typhoon-class submarines to submarine cargo vessels for shipping oil, gas and cargo under polar ice to Russia's far flung northern territories. The submarines could take up to {{convert|10000|t}} of cargo on-board and ship it under the polar ice to tankers waiting in the Barents Sea. These ships – after the considerable engineering required to develop technologies to transfer oil from drilling platforms to the submarines, and later, to the waiting tankers – would then deliver their cargo world-wide.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bellona.org/news/nuclear-issues/russian-navy/2003-05-typhoon-subs-to-ship-oil-and-gas |title=Typhoon Subs to Ship Oil and Gas |first=Igor |last=Kudrik |date=14 May 2003 |website=Bellona.org |access-date=13 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920190938/http://bellona.org/news/nuclear-issues/russian-navy/2003-05-typhoon-subs-to-ship-oil-and-gas |archive-date=20 September 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Six Typhoon-class submarines were built between 1976 and 1985. Originally, the submarines were designated by hull numbers only. Names were later assigned to the four vessels retained by the Russian Navy after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. During the time of the Russian Federation, these boats were to be sponsored by either a city or company. The construction order for an additional vessel (hull number TK-210) was cancelled and never completed.

In late December 2008, a senior Navy official announced that the two Typhoon-class submarines, ''Arkhangelsk'' and ''Severstal'', that were in reserve would not be rearmed with the new Bulava SLBM missile system. They could potentially yet be modified to carry cruise missiles or to lay mines, or could be used in special operations.{{cn|date=March 2023}} In late June 2009, the Navy Commander-in-Chief, Admiral Vladimir Vysotskiy, told reporters that the two submarines would be reserved for possible future repairs and modernisation.<ref>{{cite web |first=Олег |last=Ласточкин |url=http://www.rian.ru/defense_safety/20090626/175526778.html |title=Стратегические АПЛ "Тайфун" останутся в боевом составе ВМФ РФ |trans-title="Typhoon" strategic nuclear submarines will remain in the combat composition of the Russian Navy |language=ru |website=RIA Novosti |date=26 June 2009 |access-date=2011-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090629061255/http://www.rian.ru/defense_safety/20090626/175526778.html |archive-date=29 June 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2011, the Russian defense ministry decided to write off all Project 941 ''Akula'' nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines until 2014. The reasons for decommissioning the Typhoon-class vessels are the restrictions imposed on Russia by the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty and successful trials of the new {{sclass2|Borei|submarine|1}}.<ref name=rnavy20110929>{{cite web |url=http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=13180 |title=Russia To Dismantle World's Biggest Subs|website=Russian Navy |access-date=2011-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006000444/http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=13180 |archive-date=2011-10-06 }}</ref>

Despite being a replacement for many types of submarines, the Borei-class submarines are slightly shorter than the Typhoon class ({{convert|170|m|ft|abbr=on}} as opposed to {{convert|175|m|ft|abbr=on}}), and have a smaller crew (107 people as opposed to 160). These changes were in part designed to reduce the cost to build and maintain the submarines. In addition, the United States and Canada provided 80% of funds for scrapping the older Typhoon-class submarines, making it much more economical to build a new submarine,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.pravda.ru/russia/economics/29-09-2011/119185-typhoon_borei-0/ |title=Russia's gigantic Typhoon submarines to be scrapped |first=Dmitry |last=Sudakov |work=Pravda |date=29 September 2011 |access-date=3 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007101135/http://english.pravda.ru/russia/economics/29-09-2011/119185-typhoon_borei-0/ |archive-date=7 October 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> TK-13, which was scrapped in 2007–2009.<ref>{{cite web |title=Break It Down - Nuclear Submarine |url=http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/channel/episodes/nuclear-submarine/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021045936/http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/channel/episodes/nuclear-submarine/ |archive-date=2012-10-21 |access-date=2010-08-23 |work=National Geographic}}</ref>

On 20 July 2022, it was reported that {{ship|Russian submarine|Dmitriy Donskoi|TK-208|2}} was withdrawn from the Russian Navy. This was an earlier-than-expected decommission date, as it was stated in 2021 that the submarine was expected to remain in service until 2026 as a weapons test platform.<ref name=tass20210114>{{cite web|url=https://tass.com/defense/1244995|title=Dmitry Donskoy submarine not to be decommissioned for five years at least, says source|date=14 January 2021|website=TASS}}</ref> However, sources suggested in 2022 that the 2026 date was not in the Russian Navy plan.<ref name="navyrecognition">{{cite web|url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/archives/archives-naval-defense/naval-defense-2022/russian-nuclear-submarine-dmitry-donskoy-returns-to-its-naval-base|title=Russian nuclear submarine Dmitry Donskoy returns to its naval base |website=navyrecognition.com|date=28 July 2022}}</ref> On 6 February 2023, it was reported she was decommissioned.<ref name=tass20230208>{{Cite web |title=Russia's nuclear-powered sub Dmitry Donskoy withdrawn from service |url=https://tass.com/defense/1571657 |access-date=2023-02-08 |website=TASS}}</ref> On 19 March 2025, it was announced that ''Dmitriy Donskoi'' is planned to be preserved as a museum ship at the Central Naval Museum in Saint Petersburg.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yemelyanenkov |first=Aleksandr |title=Самый большой в мире подводный ракетоносец "Дмитрий Донской" превратят в музей |trans-title=Largest in the world submarine "Dmitry Donskoy" will be turned into a museum |date=19 March 2025 |work=Rossiyskaya Gazeta |access-date=25 July 2025 |lang=ru |url=https://rg.ru/2025/03/19/samyj-bolshoj-v-mire-podvodnyj-raketonosec-dmitrij-donskoj-prevratiat-v-muzej.html }}</ref>

==Units== {| class="wikitable" |- !# ! Name ! Laid down ! Launched ! Commissioned ! Fleet ! Status |- | TK-208 | {{ship|Russian submarine|Dmitry Donskoy|TK-208|2}} | 30 June 1976 | 27 September 1979 | 23 December 1981 |rowspan=6| Northern Fleet | Decommissioned in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cole |first=Brendan |date=2023-02-06 |title=Russia loses world's largest nuclear submarine |url=https://www.newsweek.com/donskoy-submarine-russia-nuclear-donskoy-1779194 |access-date=2023-02-06 |website=Newsweek |language=en}}</ref> As of 2025 planned to be preserved at the Central Naval Museum. |- | colspan="2" align="center" | {{ship|Russian submarine|TK-202||2}} | 22 April 1978 | 23 September 1982 | 28 December 1983 | In reserve from 1996.<ref name="FAS" /> Decommissioned in 1999,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kudrik |first=Igor |title=Russia scraps Typhoons |date=12 June 2002 |work=Bellona Foundation |access-date=3 August 2025 |url=https://bellona.org/news/nuclear-issues/russian-navy/2002-06-russia-scraps-typhoons }}</ref> scrapped between 2005 and 2009.<ref name="AIF">{{Cite web |last=Kozachenko |first=Aleksey |title=Почему самая большая в мире АПЛ «Дмитрий Донской» выведена из состава ВМФ? |trans-title=Why was the largest nuclear submarine in the world "Dmitry Donskoy" decommissioned? |lang=ru |work=Argumenty i Fakty |date=20 July 2022 |access-date=27 July 2025 |url=https://aif.ru/society/army/pochemu_samaya_bolshaya_v_mire_apl_dmitriy_donskoy_vyvedena_iz_sostava_vmf }}</ref> |- | colspan="2" align="center" | {{ship|Russian submarine|TK-12||2}} | 19 April 1980 | 17 December 1983 | 26 December 1984 | In reserve from 1996.<ref name="FAS" /> Scrapped between 2005 and 2009.<ref name="AIF" /> |- | colspan="2" align="center" | {{ship|Russian submarine|TK-13||2}} | 23 February 1982 | 30 April 1985 | 26 December 1985 | In reserve from 1997.<ref name="FAS" /> Scrapped between 2005 and 2009.<ref name="AIF" /><ref>{{cite web |first=Trude |last=Pettersen |url=http://barentsobserver.com/one-sub-out-another-one-in.4603549-58932.html |title=One sub out, another one in |website=The Barents Observer |date=2009-06-04 |access-date=2011-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120215155133/http://barentsobserver.com/one-sub-out-another-one-in.4603549-58932.html |archive-date=2012-02-15}}</ref> |- | TK-17 | {{ship|Russian submarine|Arkhangelsk|TK-17|2}} | 9 August 1983 | 12 December 1986 | 15 December 1987 | In reserve from 2004.<ref name="Barents-2018">{{Cite web |last=Nilsen |first=Thomas |title=Captain who saved White Sea from nuclear disaster dies at 67 |work=The Barents Observer |date=3 February 2018 |access-date=26 July 2025 |url=https://www.thebarentsobserver.com/security/captain-who-saved-white-sea-from-nuclear-disaster-dies-at-67/154833 }}</ref> Decommissioned as of 2015.<ref name="TASS-2015">{{Cite web |title=АПЛ проекта 941 "Северсталь" и "Архангельск" будут утилизированы |trans-title=Project 941 submarines "Severstal" and "Arkhangelsk" will be scrapped |date=18 March 2015 |access-date=27 July 2025 |work=TASS |url=https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/1836073 }}</ref> |- | TK-20 | {{ship|Russian submarine|Severstal||2}} | 27 August 1985 | 11 April 1989 | 19 December 1989<ref name="Podvodnye Lodki 2002"/> | In reserve from 2004.<ref name="Barents-2018" /> Decommissioned as of 2015.<ref name="TASS-2015" /> |- | colspan="2" align="center" | ''TK-210'' | 1986 |colspan="5" align="center" | Unfinished, scrapped in 1990 |}

==Timeline== [[File:Soviet-military-power-an-assessment-of-the-threat-1988.jpg|thumb|Mikhail Gorbachev inspecting ''TK-13'' in 1987, on the cover of ''Soviet Military Power'']] '''TK-208 ''Dmitriy Donskoy'' (Typhoon #1)''' * 10 February 1982: Entered 18th division (Zapadnaya Litsa), NOR. * December 1982: Transferred from Severodvinsk to Zapadnaya Litsa. * 1983–1984: Tests of D-19 missile complex. Commanders: A.V.Olkhovikov (1980–1984).{{cn|date=July 2022}} * 3 December 1986: Entered Navy Board of the Winners of the Socialist Competition. * 18 January 1987: Entered MoD Board of Glory.{{cn|date=July 2022}} * 20 September 1989 – 1991: Repairs and refit at Sevmash to Project 941U. 1991 refit cancelled. * 1996: Returned to 941U refit. * 2002: Named ''Dmitriy Donskoy''. * 26 June 2002: End of refit. * 30 June 2002: Start of testing. * 26 July 2002: Entered sea trials, re-entered fleet, without missile system. * December 2003: Sea trials; refitted to carry a new Bulava missile system. New missile system expected to be operational by 2005. * 9 October 2005: Successfully launched SS-NX-30 Bulava SLBM from surface. * 21 December 2005: Successfully launched SS-NX-30 Bulava SLBM from submerged position on move. * 7 September 2006: Test launch of the Bulava missile failed after several minutes in flight due to some problems in the flight control system. The missile fell into the sea about a minute after the launch. The sub was not affected and was returning to Severodvinsk base submerged. Later reports blamed the engine of the first stage for the failure. * 25 October 2006: Test launch of the Bulava-M missile in the White Sea failed some 200 seconds after liftoff due to the apparent failure of the flight control system. * 28 August 2008: Underwent successful testing at the Sevmash shipyard in Severodvinsk, Arkhangelsk Oblast. More than 170 men worked with the ''Dmitriy Donskoy'', 100 of them employed at the Sevmash plant and 70 at other companies. * 20 July 2022: Decommissioned thumb|right|A Typhoon-class submarine on the surface in 1985 '''TK-17 ''Arkhangelsk'' (Typhoon #5)''' * 19 February 1988: Entered 18th division (Zapadnaya Litsa) NOR. * September 1991, damaged after a SLBM exploded in the launch silo.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/security/2018/02/captain-who-saved-white-sea-nuclear-disaster-dies-67 |title=Captain who saved White Sea from nuclear disaster dies at 67 |first=Thomas |last=Nilsen |date=3 February 2018 |website=The Barents Observer |access-date=2018-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203211540/https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/security/2018/02/captain-who-saved-white-sea-nuclear-disaster-dies-67 |archive-date=2018-02-03 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|number=593807023139069952|user=JosephHDempsey |title=Damage to #Russia Navy TK-17 Typhoon SSBN after missile explosion during 1991 training launch h/t @russianforces #TBT |date=30 April 2015}}</ref> * 8 January–9 November 2002: Refit at Sevmash. * In July 2002, crew petitioned Main Navy Headquarters to adopt the name ''Arkhangel'sk'' (renamed on 18 November 2002). * Commander: 2002-2003 V. Volkov. * 17 February 2004: Took part in military exercises with President Vladimir Putin aboard. * Decommissioned in 2006 and preserved. Apparent proposal to convert to cruise missile role being considered in 2019 but deemed unlikely.<ref name="nationalinterest">{{Cite web |url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/why-russia-packing-its-old-typhoon-class-submarines-hundreds-cruise-missiles-102302 |title=Why Russia Is Packing Its Old Typhoon-Class Submarines With Hundreds Of Cruise Missiles |first=Sebastien |last=Roblin |date=December 7, 2019 |website=The National Interest}}</ref>

'''TK-20 ''Severstal'' (Typhoon #6)''' * 28 February 1990: Entered 18th division (Zapadnaya Litsa), NOR. * 25 August 1996: Successfully launched SLBM * November 1996: Successfully launched SLBM from the North Pole. * 24 July 1999: Took part in parade on Navy Day in Severomorsk, NOR. * thumb|Typhoon-class submarine TK-202 covered with iceNovember–December 1999 – distant cruise. * 2001: named to Severstal. * June 2001–December 2002: Repairs at Sevmash. * Commander: A. Bogachev (2001).{{cn|date=July 2022}} * Decommissioned in 2004 or 2013 and preserved. Apparent proposal to convert to cruise missile role being considered in 2019 but deemed unlikely.<ref name="nationalinterest"/>

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== {{Commons category|Typhoon class submarines}} * {{cite web |url=http://russianforces.org/navy/ |title=Russian strategic nuclear forces |website=Russianforces.org}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.hisutton.com/The%20REAL%20Red%20October%20-%20Typhoon%20SSBN.html |title=The REAL Red October - Typhoon SSBN |first=H.I. |last=Sutton |date=4 February 2020 |website=Covert Shores}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.educatedearth.net/video.php?id=2699 |title=Video of the Typhoon during Sea Trials |website=Educated Earth}} * {{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pu_BqlaYHH8 |title=Akula (Shark). World's largest nuclear submarine cruiser |website=Epic&Fun}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Typhoon Class Submarine}} Category:Typhoon-class submarines Category:Submarine classes Category:Submarine classes of the Russian and Soviet Navy Category:Cold War submarines of the Soviet Union Category:Soviet inventions Category:Nuclear submarines of the Soviet Navy