{{Short description|Pacific typhoon in 2015}} {{other hurricanes|List of storms named Mujigae|the 2015 typhoon|List of storms named Kabayan}} {{good article}} {{Infobox weather event | name = Typhoon Mujigae (Kabayan) | image = Mujigae 2015-10-04 0620Z.jpg | caption = Typhoon Mujigae weakening over the Leizhou Peninsula on October 4 | formed = September 30, 2015 | dissipated = October 5, 2015 }}{{Infobox weather event/JMA | winds = 85 | pressure = 950 }}{{Infobox weather event/JTWC | winds = 115 | pressure = 937 | basin = WPAC }}{{Infobox weather event/Effects | year = 2015 | fatalities = ≥31 | missing = 12 | losses = 4300000000 | losses-suffix = {{#tag:ref|Includes US$1.03 million of damage in the Philippines; further decimals are not shown to avoid false precision.|group="nb"}} | areas = Philippines, South China, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand }}{{Infobox weather event/Footer | season = 2015 Pacific typhoon season }}
'''Typhoon Mujigae''', known in the Philippines as '''Tropical Storm Kabayan''', was the costliest typhoon to impact China in 2015. The typhoon first passed over the Philippines as a developing tropical cyclone from October 1 to 3, 2015. It then caused widespread damage in the Chinese provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hainan from October 3 to 6. Afterwards, as Mujigae weakened inland, it brought heavy rain to parts of Mainland Southeast Asia. Mujigae originated from an area of disturbed weather that formed just east of the Philippines on September 30. The disturbance slowly organized amid a favorable environment, becoming a tropical depression later that day. It traveled steadily west-northwestwards and made landfall in Central Luzon late on October 1, before crossing into the South China Sea the next morning. Mujigae strengthened rapidly on October 3, becoming a mature typhoon with 10-minute sustained winds of {{convert|85|kn|km/h mph|round=5|order=out|abbr=on}}, 1-minute sustained winds of {{convert|115|kn|km/h mph|round=5|order=out|abbr=on}}, and a minimum pressure of {{cvt|950|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|lk=on}}. The typhoon then made landfall over Zhanjiang, Guangdong, and weakened swiftly, dissipating inland over Guangxi on October 5.
As a developing system, Mujigae brought gusty winds, moderate rain, and rough seas to the island of Luzon in the Philippines. The adverse weather forced ports and schools to close, while numerous landslides and flash floods damaged roads, houses, and agricultural land. Large waves caused by the storm capsized several fishing boats, necessitating search-and-rescue operations by the Philippine Navy and Coast Guard. In total, Mujigae killed at least four in the Philippines, left 12 missing, and caused damage valued at ₱46.9 million (US${{To USD round|46.9|PHL|year=2015|sf=3}} million).{{#tag:ref|All currencies are in their 2015 values and are converted to United States dollars using data from the International Monetary Fund published by the World Bank.<ref>{{cite web |author=International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics |title=DEC alternative conversion factor (LCU per US$) - China, Philippines |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.ATLS?end=2018&locations=CN-PH&start=2015&view=bar |publisher=World Bank |access-date=March 27, 2022 |year=2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327045031/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.ATLS?end=2015&locations=CN-PH&start=2015&view=bar |archive-date=March 27, 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref>|group="nb"}}
Mujigae's most severe impacts occurred in China, with the provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hainan being the worst hit. The typhoon affected 7.5 million people across the three provinces, causing 27 fatalities and economic losses of ¥27 billion (US${{To USD round|27|CHN|year=2015|sf=2}} billion). The outer bands of the typhoon spawned destructive tornadoes in Guangzhou and Foshan that killed seven and left 223 injured. Infrastructural damage left by the tornadoes resulted in widespread disruptions to telecommunications, electricity, and water supplies. Elsewhere, fallen trees, landslides, and collapsing buildings accounted for most of the fatalities. In preparation for the storm, ships and offshore workers were recalled to port, flights were delayed or canceled, train services were suspended, and tourist attractions were shut. These disrupted tourism amid China's "Golden Week" holidays following their National Day. Hong Kong and Macau experienced gusty winds and heavy rain from October 3 to 5 as Mujigae passed to the south, but were left relatively unscathed. Immediate post-storm relief was provided by the National Disaster Reduction Center of China and the Ministry of Civil Affairs. The National Development and Reform Commission later issued more funds for reconstruction efforts in Guangdong and Guangxi.
Towards the end of Mujigae's lifespan, its outer rainbands brought heavy rains to parts of Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, and Thailand, causing localized flash floods. Consequently, some homes and crops were damaged.
==Meteorological history== {{storm path|Mujigae 2015 track.png|note={{#tag:ref|The position of Mujigae's Category 4 peak is not depicted in this graphic as it is an asynoptic point (i.e. not at the 6-hour intervals of all other points) occurring at 03:00 UTC October 4.|group="nb"}}}} At 00:00 UTC on September 30, a tropical disturbance developed near {{coord|11.9|130.3}}, about {{cvt|600|km|mi}} east of the Philippines. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) deemed the disturbance to have become a tropical depression at 12:00 UTC and gave it the identifier ''22W''. The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) also classified the system as a tropical depression at 18:00 UTC.<ref name="ibtracs">{{cite web |title=2015 Typhoon MUJIGAE (2015273N12130) |url=http://ibtracs.unca.edu/index.php?name=v04r00-2015273N12130 |website=International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship |publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information; University of North Carolina Asheville |access-date=May 28, 2021 |archive-date=May 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210529111515/http://ibtracs.unca.edu/index.php?name=v04r00-2015273N12130 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{#tag:ref|The Japan Meteorological Agency is the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the western Pacific Ocean.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|title=Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo – Typhoon Center 2000|date=February 2001|access-date=July 29, 2017|url=http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/AnnualReport/2000/Text/Text2000.pdf|page=3|archive-date=October 31, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031002308/http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/AnnualReport/2000/Text/Text2000.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>|group="nb"}} The depression was lopsided at this time, with the bulk of thunderstorm activity to the west of the system's center.<ref>{{cite web |title=Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 22W (Twentytwo) Warning Nr 01 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN31-PGTW_201510010300.htm |publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |access-date=May 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523101953/https://www.webcitation.org/6byaZm8zb?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN31-PGTW_201510010300.htm |archive-date=May 23, 2024 |date=October 1, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Amid low vertical wind shear and good outflow helping the growth of thunderstorms, the depression improved further in organization through October 1, as it moved west-northwestwards under the influence of a subtropical ridge to its north.<ref>{{cite web |title=Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 22W (Twentytwo) Warning Nr 02 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN31-PGTW_201510010900.htm |publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |access-date=May 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523102037/https://www.webcitation.org/6byaZVHJR?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN31-PGTW_201510010900.htm |archive-date=May 23, 2024 |date=October 1, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration named the system ''Kabayan'' at 02:00 UTC on October 1.<ref>{{cite web |title=Severe Weather Bulletin No. 01 re Tropical Depression "KABAYAN" |url=https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/2594/Severe_Weather_Bulletin_no_01_re_%20TD_KABAYAN_01OCT2015.pdf |publisher=National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council |access-date=May 28, 2021 |date=October 1, 2015 |archive-date=May 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210529111516/https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/2594/Severe_Weather_Bulletin_no_01_re_%20TD_KABAYAN_01OCT2015.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The JMA upgraded the system to a tropical storm at 12:00 UTC as it began producing 10-minute sustained winds of {{convert|35|kn|km/h mph|round=5|order=out|abbr=on}},{{#tag:ref|Wind estimates from the JMA and most other basins throughout the world are sustained over 10 minutes, while estimates from the JTWC are sustained over 1 minute. On average, 1-minute winds are about 12% higher than 10-minute winds.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Landsea |first1=Chris |author-link1=Christopher Landsea |title=D4) What does "maximum sustained wind" mean ? How does it relate to gusts in tropical cyclones ? |url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/D4.html |publisher=Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202125833/http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/D4.html |archive-date=February 2, 2017 |date=April 21, 2006 |url-status=usurped |access-date=May 1, 2020}}</ref>|group="nb"}} giving it the name ''Mujigae''.{{refn|The name ''Mujigae'' (Korean: 무지개, [[Help:IPA/Korean|[mud͡ʑiɡɛ]]]) was contributed by North Korea and means rainbow in Korean.<ref>{{Cite web| title= List of names for tropical cyclones adopted by the Typhoon Committee for the western North Pacific and the South China Sea|url=https://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/tyname.html|archive-date= February 26, 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200226083858/https://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/tyname.html |access-date=April 24, 2026 |website=Japan Meteorological Agency}}</ref>|group="nb"}} The JTWC, however, continued to classify the system as a tropical depression as it approached the Philippines.<ref name="ibtracs"/> No further intensification occurred on October 1 as Mujigae's circulation interacted with the Sierra Madre mountain range.<ref>{{cite web |title=Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 22W (Twentytwo) Warning Nr 04 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN31-PGTW_201510012100.htm |publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |access-date=May 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523101924/https://www.webcitation.org/6byaYyf2D?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN31-PGTW_201510012100.htm |archive-date=May 23, 2024 |date=October 1, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mujigae made landfall between Baler and San Luis in Aurora Province, Central Luzon, at roughly 20:00 UTC,<ref>{{cite web |title=Severe Weather Bulletin No. 04 re Tropical Storm "KABAYAN" |url=https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/2594/Severe_Weather_Bulletin_no_04_re_TS_KABAYAN_02OCT2015.pdf |publisher=National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council |access-date=May 28, 2021 |date=October 2, 2015 |archive-date=May 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210529111516/https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/2594/Severe_Weather_Bulletin_no_04_re_TS_KABAYAN_02OCT2015.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> and quickly crossed the island of Luzon, entering the South China Sea by 02:00 UTC on October 2.<ref>{{cite web |title=Severe Weather Bulletin No. 05 re Tropical Storm "KABAYAN" |url=https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/2594/Severe_Weather_Bulletin_no_05_re_TS_KABAYAN_MUJIGAE_02OCT2015.pdf |publisher=National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council |access-date=May 28, 2021 |date=October 2, 2015 |archive-date=May 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210529111516/https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/2594/Severe_Weather_Bulletin_no_05_re_TS_KABAYAN_MUJIGAE_02OCT2015.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
Once over water, Mujigae soon resumed intensifying, taking advantage of {{cvt|28|–|29|C|F|lk=on}} sea surface temperatures and strong outflow despite slightly elevated wind shear.<ref>{{cite web |title=Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 22W (Mujigae) Warning Nr 06 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN31-PGTW_201510020900.htm |publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |access-date=May 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523101833/https://www.webcitation.org/6byaYRqFa?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN31-PGTW_201510020900.htm |archive-date=May 23, 2024 |date=October 2, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The JTWC finally assessed Mujigae to be a tropical storm at 06:00 UTC on October 2; the JMA upgraded Mujigae further to severe tropical storm status six hours later.<ref name="ibtracs"/> A nascent eye feature became visible on microwave satellite imagery, while associated thunderstorms grew more intense and wrapped more tightly into the system's circulation.<ref>{{cite web |title=Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 22W (Mujigae) Warning Nr 07 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN31-PGTW_201510021500.htm |publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |access-date=May 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523102114/https://www.webcitation.org/6c0YuIx6g?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN31-PGTW_201510021500.htm |archive-date=May 23, 2024 |date=October 2, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Meanwhile, Mujigae continued tracking steadily west-northwest and exited the Philippine Area of Responsibility late on October 2.<ref>{{cite web |title=Severe Weather Bulletin No. 08 (FINAL) re Severe Tropical Storm "KABAYAN" |url=https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/2594/Severe_Weather_Bulletin_no_08_FINAL_re_TS_KABAYAN_MUJIGAE_03OCT2015_0400H.pdf |publisher=National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council |access-date=May 28, 2021 |date=October 3, 2015 |archive-date=May 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210529111517/https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/2594/Severe_Weather_Bulletin_no_08_FINAL_re_TS_KABAYAN_MUJIGAE_03OCT2015_0400H.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> A 30-hour period of rapid intensification began at 00:00 UTC on October 3, aided greatly by the anomalously warm waters of the South China Sea, which even exceeded {{cvt|30|C|F}} around Hainan. Monthly mean sea surface temperatures in the area were the warmest since 1990, giving Mujigae ample energy to draw upon for strengthening in spite of moderate easterly wind shear.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Chen Xiaomin |author2=Xue Ming |author3=Fang Juan |title=Rapid Intensification of Typhoon Mujigae (2015) under Different Sea Surface Temperatures: Structural Changes Leading to Rapid Intensification |journal=Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences |date=December 1, 2018 |volume=75 |issue=12 |pages=4313–4335 |doi=10.1175/JAS-D-18-0017.1 |bibcode=2018JAtS...75.4313C |doi-access=free }}</ref> During this strengthening phase, the China Meteorological Administration's Shanghai Typhoon Institute launched four rocket-carried dropsondes into Mujigae from Wanning, Hainan, in a successful attempt to analyse the typhoon's interior structure.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Lei Ming |author2=Fang PingZhi |author3=Wu Min |author4=Luo JianPing |author5=Zhao BinKe |author6=Wang Jiang |author7=Lei XiaoTu |author8=Zou YongBo |author9=Liu Zhuo |author10=Chen Ping |author11=Yang DaoAn |author12=Tang Jie |author13=Wu HuaMing |author14=Li YunSheng |author15=Ye Lei |author16=Wu Dan |author17=Zhang Shuai |author18=Yi Lei |author19=Li GuoLan |author20=Huang Fei |author21=Zeng ZhiHua |author22=Zhou EJiong |author23=Zhong YeCheng |author24=Bao XuWei |author25=Wang JianJun |author26=Yu Hui |author27=Gao HuiWen |author28=Lin LiMin |author29=Chen GuoMin |author30=Luo Shan |author31=He HaiLong |author32=Zhao Tao |author33=Yang XiaoHui |author34=Shi BaoPing |title=New technology and experiment of rocket dropsondes for typhoon observation |journal=Chinese Science Bulletin |date=November 1, 2017 |volume=62 |issue=32 |pages=3789–3796 |doi=10.1360/N972017-00160 |s2cid=104221470 |doi-access=free }}</ref> The JMA estimated that Mujigae's winds increased from {{convert|55|to|85|kn|km/h mph|round=5|order=out|abbr=on}} and the central pressure dropped from {{cvt|985|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|lk=on}} to {{cvt|950|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|lk=on}} from 00:00 UTC October 3 to 00:00 UTC October 4, after which it peaked in intensity. The JTWC assessed that Mujigae continued to strengthen for a further three hours and attained peak 1-minute sustained winds of {{convert|115|kn|km/h mph|round=5|order=out|abbr=on}},<ref name="ibtracs"/> the equivalent of a Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson scale.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mullen |first1=Jethro |title=19 dead, 4 missing after Typhoon Mujigae hits China, setting off tornadoes |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/10/05/asia/china-typhoon-mujigae-tornadoes/index.html |access-date=May 28, 2021 |work=Cable News Network |date=October 7, 2015 |archive-date=November 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108112947/https://edition.cnn.com/2015/10/05/asia/china-typhoon-mujigae-tornadoes/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref> At its peak, Mujigae possessed a sharply defined eye just {{convert|24|km|mi|abbr=on}} wide, centered in a symmetric central dense overcast.<ref>{{cite web|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 22W (Mujigae) Warning Nr 13 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN31-PGTW_201510040300.htm |publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |access-date=May 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523102248/https://www.webcitation.org/6c6V5Pw7V?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN31-PGTW_201510040300.htm |archive-date=May 23, 2024 |date=October 4, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Shortly after, Mujigae made landfall in Potou District, Zhanjiang, Guangdong province, at 06:10 UTC on October 4.<ref>{{cite news |title=强台风"彩虹"已在湛江市坡头区沿海地区登陆 |url=http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2015-10/04/content_2942577.htm |access-date=May 28, 2021 |work=Xinhua |publisher=Government of the People's Republic of China |date=October 4, 2015 |language=zh |archive-date=March 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319184150/http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2015-10/04/content_2942577.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Rapid weakening commenced as the center of circulation moved over land, staying north of the Gulf of Tonkin.<ref>{{cite web |title=Typhoon 22W (Mujigae) Warning Nr 015 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPN31-PGTW_201510041500.htm |publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |access-date=May 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523102155/https://www.webcitation.org/6c6V1SlYq?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPN31-PGTW_201510041500.htm |archive-date=May 23, 2024 |date=October 4, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mujigae weakened to a tropical storm by 18:00 UTC on October 4 and the JMA ceased monitoring the system as a tropical depression at 00:00 UTC on October 5. The JTWC continued tracking Mujigae while it moved inland over Guangxi province and last noted it as a dissipating tropical storm at 06:00 UTC on October 5.<ref name="ibtracs"/>
== Impact == === Philippines === thumb|Tropical Storm Mujigae over the Philippines on October 2 Mujigae (known locally as Tropical Storm Kabayan) passed over Luzon from October 1 to 3, bringing moderate rain and winds gusting up to {{cvt|120|km/h}}. Public Storm Warning Signal No. 1 was raised in the provinces of Catanduanes, Camarines Sur, Camarines Norte, Aurora, and Northern Quezon on October 1, and further extended to Benguet, Tarlac, Ilocos Sur, and Zambales on October 2. Public Storm Warning Signal No. 2—the highest warning level issued for Mujigae—was raised in La Union and Pangasinan on October 2. All warnings were lifted by the evening of October 2 as Mujigae began to move away from the Philippines.<ref name="NDRRMC final">{{cite web |title=Final Report re Effects of Tropical Storm "KABAYAN" (I.N. MUJIGAE) |url=https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/2595/FINAL_REPORT_re_Effects_of_Tropical_Storm_KABAYAN_MUJIGAE_01_-_03OCT2015.pdf |publisher=National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council |access-date=May 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210514034743/https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/2595/FINAL_REPORT_re_Effects_of_Tropical_Storm_KABAYAN_MUJIGAE_01_-_03OCT2015.pdf |archive-date=May 14, 2021 |date=October 14, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
The tropical storm affected roughly 59,600 people during its passage over the Philippines. A peak 24-hour rainfall total of {{cvt|134.0|mm|in}} occurred in Iba, Zambales. In Central Luzon, a total of 703 houses were damaged, of which 97 were destroyed. A landslide in Gabaldon, Nueva Ecija required the evacuation of 30 families, while another landslide in Buenavista, Marinduque damaged a wall.<ref name="NDRRMC final"/> Several incidents of flash flooding were reported, with 50 barangays (village-level administrative districts) inundated with up to {{cvt|3|ft|sigfig=1|order=flip}} of water.<ref name="NDRRMC 6">{{cite web |title=SitRep No. 06 re Preparedness Measures and Effects of Tropical Storm "KABAYAN" (I.N. MUJIGAE) |url=https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/2595/SitRep_No_06_re_Preparedness_Measures_and_Effects_of_Tropical_Storm_KABAYAN_MUJIGAE_04OCT2015_0800H.pdf |publisher=National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council |access-date=May 14, 2021 |date=October 4, 2015 |archive-date=May 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514105140/https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/2595/SitRep_No_06_re_Preparedness_Measures_and_Effects_of_Tropical_Storm_KABAYAN_MUJIGAE_04OCT2015_0800H.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> A person in Maria Aurora municipality drowned in a flash flood, while another from Bongabon municipality was killed by a snake bite.<ref name="GMA 1">{{cite news |last1=Dioquino |first1=Rose-An Jessica |title=43 fishermen still missing because of TS Kabayan —OCD |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/539609/43-fishermen-still-missing-because-of-ts-kabayan-ocd/story/ |access-date=May 14, 2021 |work=GMA News |date=October 5, 2015 |archive-date=May 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513095007/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/539609/43-fishermen-still-missing-because-of-ts-kabayan-ocd/story/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Adel |first1=Rosette |title=Storm 'Kabayan' leaves two dead |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2015/10/04/1507068/storm-kabayan-leaves-two-dead |access-date=May 14, 2021 |work=The Philippine Star |date=October 4, 2015 |archive-date=May 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513095005/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2015/10/04/1507068/storm-kabayan-leaves-two-dead |url-status=live }}</ref> The body of a fisherman was found in Agno municipality on October 3, two days after he went fishing out at sea and was reported missing.<ref name="NDRRMC final"/> In total, roughly 6,480 people evacuated to seven shelters. Classes were suspended across much of Luzon on October 2.<ref name="NDRRMC 7">{{cite web |title=SitRep No. 07 re Preparedness Measures and Effects of Tropical Storm "KABAYAN" (I.N. MUJIGAE) |url=https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/2595/SitRep_No_07_re_Preparedness_Measures_and_Effects_of_Tropical_Storm_KABAYAN_MUJIGAE_04OCT2015_2000H.pdf |publisher=National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council |access-date=May 14, 2021 |date=October 4, 2015 |archive-date=May 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514041157/https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/2595/SitRep_No_07_re_Preparedness_Measures_and_Effects_of_Tropical_Storm_KABAYAN_MUJIGAE_04OCT2015_2000H.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Ports were closed in the Bicol Region and Southern Tagalog on October 2 and 3 because of rough seas, leaving up to 212 passengers and 53 rolling cargoes stranded.<ref name="NDRRMC 2">{{cite web |title=SitRep No. 02 re Preparedness Measures and Effects of Tropical Storm "KABAYAN" |url=https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/2595/SitRep_No_02_re_Preparedness_Measures_and_Effects_of_TS_KABAYAN_MUJIGAE_02OCT2015_1200H.pdf |publisher=National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council |access-date=May 14, 2021 |date=October 2, 2015 |archive-date=May 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514041154/https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/2595/SitRep_No_02_re_Preparedness_Measures_and_Effects_of_TS_KABAYAN_MUJIGAE_02OCT2015_1200H.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NDRRMC 3">{{cite web |title=SitRep No. 03 re Preparedness Measures and Effects of Tropical Storm "KABAYAN" |url=https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/2595/SitRep_No_03_re_Preparedness_Measures_and_Effects_of_TS_KABAYAN_MUJIGAE_02OCT2015_1800H.pdf |publisher=National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council |access-date=May 14, 2021 |date=October 2, 2015 |archive-date=May 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514041141/https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/2595/SitRep_No_03_re_Preparedness_Measures_and_Effects_of_TS_KABAYAN_MUJIGAE_02OCT2015_1800H.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NDRRMC 5">{{cite web |title=SitRep No. 05 re Preparedness Measures and Effects of Tropical Storm "KABAYAN" |url=https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/2595/SitRep_No_05_re_Preparedness_Measures_and_Effects_of_TS_KABAYAN_MUJIGAE_03OCT2015_2000H.pdf |publisher=National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council |access-date=May 14, 2021 |date=October 3, 2015 |archive-date=May 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514041145/https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/2595/SitRep_No_05_re_Preparedness_Measures_and_Effects_of_TS_KABAYAN_MUJIGAE_03OCT2015_2000H.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Twelve roads and two bridges were blocked by flooding and mudslides.<ref name="NDRRMC 7"/> Power outages occurred on October 2 and 3 in parts of Aurora, Benguet, and Pangasinan, including in Baguio, though services were quickly restored.<ref name="NDRRMC 9">{{cite web |title=SitRep No. 09 re Preparedness Measures and Effects of Tropical Storm "KABAYAN" (I.N. MUJIGAE) |url=https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/2595/SitRep_No_09_re_Preparedness_Measures_and_Effects_of_TS_KABAYAN_MUJIGAE_07OCT2015_0800H.pdf |publisher=National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council |access-date=May 14, 2021 |date=October 7, 2015 |archive-date=May 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514105141/https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/2595/SitRep_No_09_re_Preparedness_Measures_and_Effects_of_TS_KABAYAN_MUJIGAE_07OCT2015_0800H.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Damage to agriculture and infrastructure in Ilocos and Central Luzon was valued at ₱46.9 million (US${{To USD round|46.9|PHL|year=2015|sf=3}} million), mostly from the provinces of Aurora, Pampanga, and Pangasinan. Following the storm, local government units and the Department of Social Welfare and Development gave ₱2.37 million (US${{To USD round|2370000|PHL|year=2015|sf=3}}) worth of disaster relief to Aurora, Bulacan, and Nueva Ecija provinces.<ref name="NDRRMC final"/>
Numerous incidents occurred at sea as fishermen continued operations despite being advised against doing so by government agencies and the Philippine Coast Guard.<ref name="inquirer">{{cite news |last1=Mangosing |first1=Frances |title=56 fishermen still missing in Ilocos due to Tropical Storm 'Kabayan' |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/728034/56-fishermen-still-missing-in-ilocos-due-to-tropical-storm-kabayan |access-date=May 14, 2021 |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |date=October 5, 2015 |archive-date=May 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513095006/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/728034/56-fishermen-still-missing-in-ilocos-due-to-tropical-storm-kabayan |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="BM">{{cite news |last1=Acosta |first1=Rene |title=Navy, Coast Guard intensify search for missing fishermen |url=https://businessmirror.com.ph/2015/10/05/navy-coast-guard-intensify-search-for-missing-fishermen/ |access-date=May 14, 2021 |work=BusinessMirror |date=October 5, 2015 |archive-date=May 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513143807/https://businessmirror.com.ph/2015/10/05/navy-coast-guard-intensify-search-for-missing-fishermen/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Several fishing boats were capsized by large waves, leaving fishermen adrift in the water for up to four days before they were picked up by other boats or were swept back to shore.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dabu |first1=Bianca Rose |title=115 fishermen rescued from sea after Kabayan onslaught; 33 still missing |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/regions/539678/115-fishermen-rescued-from-sea-after-kabayan-onslaught-33-still-missing/story/ |access-date=May 14, 2021 |work=GMA News |date=October 6, 2015 |archive-date=May 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513095006/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/regions/539678/115-fishermen-rescued-from-sea-after-kabayan-onslaught-33-still-missing/story/ |url-status=live }}</ref> As many as 121 fishermen were missing on the night of October 3.<ref name="GMA 1"/> The Philippine Navy activated two Islander aircraft and several ships to conduct search and rescue operations,<ref name="NDRRMC final"/> in conjunction with vessels from the Coast Guard.<ref name="inquirer"/> They were largely successful in locating the missing fishermen, with the number of missing decreasing to 56 by October 5.<ref name="BM"/> A "partial and unofficial report" from the Coast Guard on October 6 stated that three fishermen had been confirmed dead;<ref>{{cite news |last1=Soriano |first1=Michelle |title=Search for missing fishermen continues |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/nation/regions/10/06/15/search-missing-fishermen-continues |access-date=May 14, 2021 |work=ABS-CBN News |date=October 6, 2015 |archive-date=May 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513142304/https://news.abs-cbn.com/nation/regions/10/06/15/search-missing-fishermen-continues |url-status=live }}</ref> a body of another fisherman was recovered from the waters off Pangasinan on October 7.<ref>{{cite news |title=Search for missing fishermen to end on Friday |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2015/10/08/news/regions/at-a-glance-regions/search-for-missing-fishermen-to-end-on-friday/222842/ |access-date=May 14, 2021 |work=The Manila Times |date=October 8, 2015 |archive-date=May 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514124056/https://www.manilatimes.net/2015/10/08/news/regions/at-a-glance-regions/search-for-missing-fishermen-to-end-on-friday/222842/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The searches were called off between October 7 and 10, leaving 12 still missing.<ref name="NDRRMC final"/>
=== Mainland China === Typhoon Mujigae brought severe impacts to the provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hainan from October 3 to 6, affecting over 7.5 million people and killing 27. With economic losses estimated at ¥27 billion (US${{To USD round|27|CHN|year=2015|sf=2}} billion), Mujigae was the costliest typhoon to impact China in 2015. At landfall in Zhanjiang, Guangdong, the China Meteorological Administration estimated Mujigae to have winds of {{cvt|50|m/s|km/h mph|order=out}} and a central pressure of {{cvt|940|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4}}, making Mujigae the strongest typhoon to make landfall in China in the month of October since 1949. The three provinces experienced strong winds of at least {{cvt|41|kn|km/h mph|order=out}}, with a peak gust of {{cvt|67.2|m/s|km/h mph|order=out}} recorded in Zhanjiang. Torrential rain fell over the region throughout the four days, leading to rainfall accumulations of {{cvt|100|–|500|mm|in}}. The outer rainbands of Mujigae also produced tornadoes in parts of Guangdong on October 4.<ref name="CMA">{{cite conference |pages=13–15 |title=Member Report of China |author=China Meteorological Administration |publisher=ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee |url=http://www.typhooncommittee.org/10IWS/Members/2015_Member%20Report_China.pdf |date=October 26–29, 2015 |access-date=May 15, 2021 |conference=ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee 10th Integrated Workshop |conference-url=http://www.typhooncommittee.org/10IWS/ |location=Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040606/http://www.typhooncommittee.org/10IWS/Members/2015_Member%20Report_China.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite conference |page=3 |title=Executive Summary of Members' Reports 2015 |author=Lai, Edwin S. T. |publisher=ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee |url=http://www.typhooncommittee.org/48th/docs/item%206%20TC%20Activities/6.2%20REPORT%20AWG_MembersReportsExecSummary.pdf |date=February 22–25, 2016 |access-date=May 15, 2021 |conference=48th Session of the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee |conference-url=http://www.typhooncommittee.org/48th/ |location=Honolulu, Hawaii, United States |archive-date=May 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515153652/http://www.typhooncommittee.org/48th/docs/item%206%20TC%20Activities/6.2%20REPORT%20AWG_MembersReportsExecSummary.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Power outages occurred in much of the region and transport lines were cut. Mujigae came ashore during a week-long holiday (known as a "Golden Week") following China's National Day, disrupting the plans of many tourists seeking to travel to the southern coast.<ref>{{cite news |title=Typhoon Mujigae kills at least 11 in southern China |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-34441060 |access-date=May 15, 2021 |agency=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=October 6, 2015 |archive-date=May 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515153649/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-34441060 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ST">{{cite news |title=Four dead as southern China battered by Typhoon Mujigae: report |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/four-dead-as-southern-china-battered-by-typhoon-mujigae-report |access-date=May 15, 2021 |work=The Straits Times |agency=Agence France-Presse |date=October 5, 2015 |archive-date=May 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515153650/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/four-dead-as-southern-china-battered-by-typhoon-mujigae-report |url-status=live }}</ref> Mujigae's track and rapid intensification prior to landfall drew comparisons to Typhoon Rammasun, which had significantly impacted similar areas a year earlier.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Liu Zhao |title=彩虹或多次登陆 专家：路径、强度仍存变化 |url=http://news.weather.com.cn/2015/10/2400912.shtml |access-date=May 16, 2021 |work=weather.com.cn |date=October 3, 2015 |language=zh |archive-date=May 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516034829/http://news.weather.com.cn/2015/10/2400912.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref>
==== Guangdong ==== Ahead of the storm, the China Meteorological Administration issued red alerts for the province, expecting wind gusts exceeding {{cvt|200|km/h|mph}} and rainfall accumulations of {{cvt|250|–|280|mm|in}}.<ref name="CMA warnings">{{cite news |title=最高级别台风预警发布 "彩虹"今天中午前后登广东 |url=http://news.weather.com.cn/2015/10/2401132.shtml |access-date=May 27, 2021 |work=weather.com.cn |date=October 4, 2015 |language=zh |archive-date=May 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210529111557/http://news.weather.com.cn/2015/10/2401132.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> The Qiongzhou Strait was closed to marine traffic on the evening of October 2, and nearly 40,000 fishing boats west of Shanwei returned to port to shelter in Guangdong.<ref>{{cite news |title=广东严防台风"彩虹" 汕尾以西近4万艘渔船全部回港 |url=http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2015-10/03/content_2942455.htm |access-date=January 30, 2022 |work=Xinhua |publisher=Government of the People's Republic of China |date=October 3, 2015 |language=zh |archive-date=January 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130075325/http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2015-10/03/content_2942455.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Coastal tourist attractions in the province were closed from October 3.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Hu Linguo |title=台风"彩虹"将影响广东 黄金周海上旅游活动一律停止 |url=http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2015-10/03/content_2942362.htm |access-date=January 30, 2022 |work=Xinhua |publisher=Government of the People's Republic of China |date=October 3, 2015 |language=zh |archive-date=January 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130075328/http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2015-10/03/content_2942362.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> The suspension of ferry services to offshore islands left 503 tourists on Fangji Island stranded; strong winds hampered attempts to return them to the mainland.<ref name="stranded">{{cite news |author1=Wu Weihong |author2=Ma Xiaocheng |author3=Wu Tao |title=彩虹致503名游客滞留放鸡岛 海上旅游项目被叫停 |url=http://news.sohu.com/20151004/n422575841.shtml |access-date=May 27, 2021 |work=Xinhua |publisher=Sohu |date=October 4, 2015 |language=zh |archive-date=February 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201112530/http://news.sohu.com/20151004/n422575841.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="TO">{{cite news |title=Typhoon roars into south China, killing 9 |url=https://www.todayonline.com/chinaindia/china/typhoon-roars-south-china-killing-8 |access-date=May 27, 2021 |work=TODAY |date=October 5, 2015 |archive-date=April 17, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417174225/http://www.todayonline.com/chinaindia/china/typhoon-roars-south-china-killing-8 |url-status=live }}</ref> The National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center issued warnings for storm surge and large waves that same day.<ref>{{cite news |title="彩虹"逼近 海浪和风暴潮预警双双升级 |url=http://news.weather.com.cn/2015/10/2400914.shtml |access-date=May 27, 2021 |work=weather.com.cn |date=October 3, 2015 |language=zh |archive-date=October 5, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005013559/http://news.weather.com.cn/2015/10/2400914.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> Flights out of Zhuhai and Zhanjiang were canceled.<ref name="stranded"/> China Southern Power Grid readied 24,000 workers to address any power disruptions.<ref name="ST"/> Authorities evacuated 170,400 people in vulnerable areas.<ref name="GD overview"/>
thumb|left|Typhoon Mujigae rapidly intensifying prior to landfall in Zhanjiang on October 4 Mujigae made landfall in Potou District, Zhanjiang, on the afternoon of October 4. The typhoon brought high winds and heavy rain to over 3.53 million people in Guangdong,<ref name="GD overview">{{cite news |author1=Lai Yuchen |author2=Wu Tao |title=强台风"彩虹"已致广东18人死亡4人失踪 |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2015-10/06/c_1116745512.htm |access-date=May 27, 2021 |work=Xinhua |date=October 6, 2015 |language=zh |archive-date=July 5, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705223029/http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2015-10/06/c_1116745512.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> and spawned at least three tornadoes in the province.<ref name="GD SCMP">{{cite news |last1=Lau |first1=Mimi |title=Seven dead and 223 injured as tornadoes brought by Typhoon Mujigae ravage China's Guangdong province |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/1864176/five-dead-and-168-injured-tornadoes-brought-typhoon-mujigae |access-date=May 27, 2021 |work=South China Morning Post |date=October 5, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007011243/http://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/1864176/five-dead-and-168-injured-tornadoes-brought-typhoon-mujigae |archive-date=October 7, 2015}}</ref> One tornado touched down in Guangzhou's Panyu District, killing three and injuring 134.<ref name="GD CNS"/> The tornado damaged several houses and factories, blew down trees, and damaged power cables. Large parts of Panyu and Haizhu Districts thus lost power for the first time in 23 years. Tourists visiting the Canton Tower in Haizhu had to be evacuated after it suffered a blackout. The power outages had a further knock-on effect on communications and water infrastructure, resulting in greater disruption.<ref name="GD SCMP"/> Another tornado touched down in Shunde District, Foshan, causing four deaths and 89 injuries,<ref name="GD CNS">{{cite news |author1=Wu Tao |author2=Zhou Ying |title=强台风"彩虹"导致广东6人死亡223人受伤 |url=http://www.chinanews.com/gn/2015/10-05/7555527.shtml |access-date=May 27, 2021 |publisher=China News Service |date=October 5, 2015 |language=zh |archive-date=October 18, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018104853/http://www.chinanews.com/gn/2015/10-05/7555527.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="GD overview"/> while inflicting roughly ¥180 million (US$29 million)<!--no template as source states US$29M--> of damage. The tornado touched down for 32 minutes and traveled {{cvt|30.85|km|mi}} northwest, leaving a damage swath of diameter between {{cvt|20|and|570|m|yd}}.<ref name="Bai et al., 2017"/> It was also noted to have possessed twin funnels at peak intensity.<ref name="Zhao et al., 2017">{{cite journal |author1=Zhao Kun |author2=Wang Mingjun |author3=Xue Ming |author4=Fu Peiling |author5=Yang Zhonglin |author6=Chen Xiaomin |author7=Zhang Yi |author8=Lee Wen-Chau |author9=Zhang Fuqing |author10=Lin Qing |author11=Li Zhaohui |title=Doppler Radar Analysis of a Tornadic Miniature Supercell during the Landfall of Typhoon Mujigae (2015) in South China |journal=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society |date=September 1, 2017 |volume=98 |issue=9 |pages=1821–1831 |doi=10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00301.1 |bibcode=2017BAMS...98.1821Z |doi-access=free }}</ref> The Foshan tornado was rated EF3 on the Enhanced Fujita scale, based on observations of collapsed tower cranes and destroyed factories and warehouses. A third tornado—this time a waterspout—occurred near the coast of Shanwei.<ref name="Bai et al., 2017">{{cite journal |author1=Bai Lanqiang |author2=Meng Zhiyong |author3=Huang Ling |author4=Yan Lijun |author5=Li Zhaohui |author6=Mai Xuehu |author7=Huang Yipeng |author8=Yao Dan |author9=Wang Xi |title=An Integrated Damage, Visual, and Radar Analysis of the 2015 Foshan, Guangdong, EF3 Tornado in China Produced by the Landfalling Typhoon Mujigae (2015) |journal=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society |date=December 1, 2017 |volume=98 |issue=12 |pages=2619–2640 |doi=10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0015.1 |bibcode=2017BAMS...98.2619B |url=https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/bams/98/12/bams-d-16-0015.1.xml |access-date=May 27, 2021 |archive-date=May 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520093152/https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/bams/98/12/bams-d-16-0015.1.xml |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="GD SCMP"/> For context, tornadoes in China are rather uncommon: on average less than 100 occur in a year, and in the 50 years prior to 2015, only 20 were at or above EF3 intensity. Hence, when Mujigae struck China in 2015, the country had no tornado forecasting or warning systems, likely contributing to an elevated number of fatalities and more extensive damage.<ref name="Zhao et al., 2017"/><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Xue Ming |author2=Zhao Kun |author3=Wang Mingjun |author4=Li Zhaohui |author5=Zheng Yongguang |title=Recent significant tornadoes in China |journal=Advances in Atmospheric Sciences |date=October 19, 2016 |volume=33 |issue=11 |pages=1209–1217 |doi=10.1007/s00376-016-6005-2 |bibcode=2016AdAtS..33.1209X |doi-access=free }}</ref>
Damage was most severe in Zhanjiang, the site of Mujigae's landfall. The city experienced widespread blackouts and disruptions to water supplies and telecommunications, which hampered damage assessments.<ref>{{cite news |title=Typhoon Mujigae batters South China, kills 7 |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com//english/2015-10/05/c_134685397.htm |access-date=May 27, 2021 |work=Xinhua |date=October 5, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181211010254/http://www.xinhuanet.com//english/2015-10/05/c_134685397.htm |archive-date=December 11, 2018}}</ref> The waters of Zhanjiang Bay experienced an atypical period of elevated biodegradation of organic matter, following increased surface runoff entering the bay; this usually causes algal blooms instead.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Zhou Xin |author2=Jin Guangzhe |author3=Li Jiacheng |author4=Song Zhiguang |author5=Zhang Shuwen |author6=Chen Chunqing |author7=Huang Chao |author8=Chen Fajin |author9=Zhu Qingmei |author10=Meng Yafei |title=Effects of Typhoon Mujigae on the Biogeochemistry and Ecology of a Semi-Enclosed Bay in the Northern South China Sea |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences |date=July 2021 |volume=126 |issue=7 |article-number=e2020JG006031 |doi=10.1029/2020JG006031 |bibcode=2021JGRG..12606031Z |s2cid=237784957 |url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020JG006031 |access-date=February 17, 2022 |archive-date=February 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211202140/https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020JG006031 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref> The storm sank two fishing boats docked in the city's port, drowning three and leaving four missing. A collapsed building in Xiashan District killed another.<ref name="GD Sina Oct 5">{{cite news |author1=Lai Yuchen |title=强台风"彩虹"致广东超300万人受灾 |url=http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2015-10/05/content_2942827.htm |access-date=January 30, 2022 |work=Xinhua |publisher=Government of the People's Republic of China |date=October 5, 2015 |language=zh |archive-date=January 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130075325/http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2015-10/05/content_2942827.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Elsewhere, landslides killed a total of seven people: four in Xinyi, Maoming, two in Luoding, Yunfu, and one in Guangning County, Zhaoqing.<ref name="GD overview"/> Overall, in Guangdong, Mujigae killed at least 18 people and left four missing. The typhoon damaged 3,374 houses and {{cvt|282,700|hectare|acre|lk=on}} of crops across the province. Direct economic losses reached ¥23.24 billion (US${{To USD round|23.24|CHN|year=2015|sf=4}} billion).<ref name="GD overview"/>
==== Guangxi ==== thumb|A dissipating Tropical Depression Mujigae over Guangxi on October 5 As Mujigae was expected to pass over eastern Guangxi, warnings for heavy rain and gusty winds were issued, and an increased possibility of landslides was noted.<ref name="CMA warnings"/> About 12,700 fishing boats in the region's waters were called back to port and 35,400 offshore workers were evacuated.<ref name="TO"/> Nineteen flights from Beihai Fucheng Airport were canceled as adverse weather conditions forced the airport to close on October 4. Meanwhile, 530 passengers were stranded at Nanning Wuxu International Airport as two flights were delayed by more than five hours and two others were scrapped. Services along the Guangxi coastal high-speed railway between Nanning and Beihai were halted from noon on October 4 to midnight on October 5.<ref>{{cite news |title=台风"彩虹"致广西南宁北海机场航班受阻 沿海高铁停运12小时 |url=http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2015-10/04/content_2942572.htm |access-date=January 30, 2022 |work=Xinhua |publisher=Government of the People's Republic of China |date=October 4, 2015 |language=zh |archive-date=January 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130080022/http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2015-10/04/content_2942572.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Scenic attractions were closed beginning October 4 and tourists evacuated.<ref name="GX govt"/> About 135,100 people living in vulnerable areas were moved to safety.<ref name="GX overview"/>
The center of Mujigae crossed into Guangxi from Guangdong on the evening of October 4, though heavy rains and gusty winds persisted in Guangxi through October 4 and 5.<ref name="GX govt"/> The typhoon affected 2.67 million people in the province.<ref name="GX overview"/> The strongest winds were recorded in Bobai County, where winds gusted up to {{cvt|64|kn|km/h mph|order=out}}, and a peak rainfall total of {{cvt|418.6|mm|in}} was observed at Shengtang Mountain in Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County. Numerous flash floods and landslides occurred in the mountains of southeast Guangxi, damaging roads and buildings.<ref name="GX govt">{{cite web |title="彩虹"消散 雨势减弱 广西24县127万人受灾 |url=http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2015-10/06/content_2942911.htm |work=Guangxi Daily |publisher=Government of the People's Republic of China |access-date=May 27, 2021 |language=zh |date=October 6, 2015 |archive-date=May 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210529111547/https://www.gov.cn/alexametrics/atrk.js |url-status=live }}</ref> A person was crushed and killed by a fallen tree in Nanning;<ref>{{cite news |author1=Zhang Zhoulai |author2=Xiong Hongming |author3=He Fenglun |title=台风"彩虹"致广西１４４万人受灾１人死亡 |url=https://www.sohu.com/a/34345468_114812 |access-date=May 27, 2021 |work=Guangxi Daily |publisher=Sohu |date=October 5, 2015 |language=zh |archive-date=May 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210529111523/https://www.sohu.com/a/34345468_114812 |url-status=live }}</ref> the typhoon killed a total of two people in the province.<ref>{{cite news |author1=He Wei |author2=Zhong Quansheng |title=台风"彩虹"致广西196万余人受灾 |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com//politics/2015-10/07/c_1116747973.htm |access-date=May 27, 2021 |work=Xinhua |date=October 7, 2015 |language=zh |archive-date=May 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527144513/http://www.xinhuanet.com//politics/2015-10/07/c_1116747973.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Damage to power lines caused 1.155 million residents of Guangxi to lose power on October 5.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Zhong Quansheng |author2=He Wei |title=台风"彩虹"过境致广西115万户停电 |url=https://www.sohu.com/a/34406861_114812 |access-date=May 27, 2021 |work=Xinhua |publisher=Sohu |date=October 6, 2015 |language=zh |archive-date=May 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210529111557/https://www.sohu.com/a/34406861_114812 |url-status=live }}</ref> The typhoon completely destroyed 954 houses, severely damaged another 1,532 houses, and left 5,478 more with mild damage. About {{cvt|144,800|hectare|acre}} of cropland was affected by rain and wind, of which {{cvt|6,650|hectare|acre}} were deemed a complete loss.<ref name="GX overview">{{cite news |author1=He Wei |title=台风"彩虹"致广西267万余人受灾 |url=http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2015-10/08/content_2943544.htm |access-date=May 27, 2021 |work=Xinhua |publisher=Government of the People's Republic of China |date=October 8, 2015 |language=zh |archive-date=May 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515104101/http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2015-10/08/content_2943544.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Direct economic losses were at least ¥919 million (US${{To USD round|919|CHN|year=2015|sf=3}} million), of which ¥752 million (US${{To USD round|752|CHN|year=2015|sf=3}} million) was from agriculture and ¥46.8 million (US${{To USD round|46.8|CHN|year=2015|sf=3}} million) was from property damage.<ref name="GX cost">{{cite web |author1=Zhou Ying |author2=Lu Bingqiang |title=台风"彩虹"致广西196万人受灾 经济损失逾9亿元 |url=http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2015-10/07/content_2943041.htm |work=Guangxi Daily |publisher=Government of the People's Republic of China |access-date=May 27, 2021 |language=zh |date=October 7, 2015 |archive-date=May 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516014901/http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2015-10/07/content_2943041.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
==== Hainan ==== Ahead of the storm, train services between the island and the mainland were suspended from October 2 to 5,<ref>{{cite news |title=受台风"彩虹"影响 三亚开往京粤方向列车停运 |url=http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2015-10-02/doc-ifximezx0982194.shtml |access-date=May 16, 2021 |work=Xinhua |publisher=Sina |date=October 2, 2015 |language=zh |archive-date=May 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516053945/http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2015-10-02/doc-ifximezx0982194.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> while services on the Hainan eastern ring high-speed railway were halted on October 4. The Qiongzhou Strait was closed to marine traffic and ferry services across the strait were suspended.<ref name="Sohu Hainan"/> All 25,584 fishing boats in Hainan were ordered back to port to take shelter.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Fu Yongtao |title=强台风"彩虹"与海南擦身而过 海南将有大到暴雨 |url=http://www.chinanews.com/gn/2015/10-04/7554788.shtml |access-date=May 16, 2021 |agency=China News Service |date=October 4, 2015 |language=zh |archive-date=May 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516053947/http://www.chinanews.com/gn/2015/10-04/7554788.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> Seventy-six flights from Haikou Meilan International Airport were delayed and eight canceled.<ref name="HAK">{{cite news |author1=Ma Weiyuan |title=海口美兰机场恢复航班正常起降 |url=http://hainan.sina.com.cn/news/hnyw/2015-10-04/detail-ifximeyv2761231.shtml |access-date=May 16, 2021 |work=hinews.cn |publisher=Sina |date=October 4, 2015 |language=zh |archive-date=May 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516053951/http://hainan.sina.com.cn/news/hnyw/2015-10-04/detail-ifximeyv2761231.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> Expressways remained open to vehicular traffic, however. Residents in flood-prone areas, such as Beigang Island, were evacuated to higher ground.<ref name="Sohu Hainan">{{cite news |author1=Fu Yongtao |author2=Zhou Huimin |title=台风"彩虹"逼近海南 岛内交通全面受阻 |url=https://www.sohu.com/a/34232704_114812 |access-date=May 16, 2021 |work=Xinhua |publisher=Sohu |date=October 3, 2015 |language=zh |archive-date=May 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516053949/https://www.sohu.com/a/34232704_114812 |url-status=live }}</ref> By the evening of October 3, a total of 39,103 people in Wenchang had been resettled in 57 shelters,<ref>{{cite news |author1=Chen Wang |title=文昌对低洼易涝地区进行全面排查 共转移39103人 |url=http://hainan.sina.com.cn/news/hnyw/2015-10-04/detail-ifximeyv2751586.shtml |access-date=May 16, 2021 |work=hinews.cn |publisher=Sina |date=October 4, 2015 |language=zh |archive-date=May 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516054000/http://hainan.sina.com.cn/news/hnyw/2015-10-04/detail-ifximeyv2751586.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> while 9,887 people had been evacuated in Qionghai.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Ma Weiyuan |title=琼海转移人员9887人 927艘渔船已全部回港避风 |url=http://hainan.sina.com.cn/news/hnyw/2015-10-03/detail-ifximeyv2744245.shtml |access-date=May 16, 2021 |work=hinews.cn |publisher=Sina |date=October 3, 2015 |language=zh |archive-date=May 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516054003/http://hainan.sina.com.cn/news/hnyw/2015-10-03/detail-ifximeyv2744245.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> Hainan Power Grid placed 272 teams (with a total of 4,559 workers) and equipment worth ¥160 million (US${{To USD round|160|CHN|year=2015|sf=2}} million) on standby to deal with disruptions to electrical services.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Li Xiaomei |title=海南电网启动II级应急响应 272支抢修队伍随时待命 |url=http://hainan.sina.com.cn/news/hnyw/2015-10-03/detail-ifximeyw9501976.shtml |access-date=May 16, 2021 |work=hinews.cn |publisher=Sina |date=October 3, 2015 |language=zh |archive-date=May 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516055458/http://hainan.sina.com.cn/news/hnyw/2015-10-03/detail-ifximeyw9501976.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> Marine tourist attractions in Sanya, such as Wuzhizhou Island and parts of Yalong Bay, were shut beginning October 3,<ref>{{cite news |author1=Sha Xiaofeng |title=3日三亚陵水涉海旅游景区关闭 |url=http://hainan.sina.com.cn/news/hnyw/2015-10-02/detail-ifximeyv2725587.shtml |access-date=May 16, 2021 |work=hinews.cn |publisher=Sina |date=October 3, 2015 |language=zh |archive-date=May 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516053957/http://hainan.sina.com.cn/news/hnyw/2015-10-02/detail-ifximeyv2725587.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> and all tourist attractions in Wenchang were closed from that evening.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Chen Wang |title=文昌景区景点已全部关闭 设警戒线禁止游客入内 |url=http://hainan.sina.com.cn/news/hnyw/2015-10-04/detail-ifximeyv2751701.shtml |access-date=May 16, 2021 |work=hinews.cn |publisher=Sina |date=October 4, 2015 |language=zh |archive-date=May 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516053948/http://hainan.sina.com.cn/news/hnyw/2015-10-04/detail-ifximeyv2751701.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref>
Mujigae produced wind gusts from {{cvt|56|to|89|kn|km/h mph|order=out}} over the northern and western coasts of Hainan. Roughly {{cvt|50|–|90|mm|in}} of rain fell over the island from October 3 to 4.<ref>{{cite news |title=海南东北部等地降雨50–90毫米 北部沿海8–10级阵风 |url=http://hainan.sina.com.cn/news/hnyw/2015-10-04/detail-ifximeyv2756668.shtml |access-date=May 16, 2021 |work=hinews.cn |publisher=Sina |date=October 4, 2015 |language=zh |archive-date=May 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516055454/http://hainan.sina.com.cn/news/hnyw/2015-10-04/detail-ifximeyv2756668.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> The typhoon affected 489,000 people in Hainan and caused economic losses of over ¥136 million (US${{To USD round|136|CHN|year=2015|sf=3}} million), though no deaths were reported. About {{cvt|171,000|acres|hectare}} of cropland were damaged, contributing to over half of the province's damage bill. The remaining losses came from transport and industry as well as damage to water conservancy facilities.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Liu Xiaofei |title="彩虹"卷走海南1.36亿元 全省无因灾死亡报告 |url=http://hainan.sina.com.cn/news/hnyw/2015-10-06/detail-ifximrxn8217727.shtml |access-date=May 16, 2021 |work=hinews.cn |publisher=Sina |date=October 6, 2015 |language=zh |archive-date=May 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516055502/http://hainan.sina.com.cn/news/hnyw/2015-10-06/detail-ifximrxn8217727.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> Power supplies remained relatively stable: about 47,000 customers lost power, and services were restored to 41,000 of them by the end of October 4.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Li Xiaomei |author2=Wang Yanxin |author3=Liu Dexian |title=台风致4.7万户供电受影响 9成已恢复正常供电 |url=http://hainan.sina.com.cn/news/hnyw/2015-10-04/detail-ifximeyw9516902.shtml |access-date=May 16, 2021 |work=hinews.cn |publisher=Sina |date=October 4, 2015 |language=zh |archive-date=May 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516055450/http://hainan.sina.com.cn/news/hnyw/2015-10-04/detail-ifximeyw9516902.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> Flooding occurred along several streets in Haikou, however, storm surge did not enter the city and traffic was mostly unaffected.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Wang Ziqian |title="彩虹"路径改变 海口暴雨袭扰但未严重内涝 |url=http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2015-10-04/doc-ifxiknzv2108695.shtml |access-date=May 16, 2021 |work=China News Service |publisher=Sina |date=October 4, 2015 |language=zh |archive-date=May 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516063542/http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2015-10-04/doc-ifxiknzv2108695.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> Reopening began on October 4 as the typhoon passed, with closures imposed on Sanya's tourist attractions lifted on the evening of October 4.<ref>{{cite news |title=三亚台风预警解除 景区全面向游客开放 |url=http://hainan.sina.com.cn/news/hnyw/2015-10-04/detail-ifximeyw9508936.shtml |access-date=May 16, 2021 |work=hinews.cn |publisher=Sina |date=October 4, 2015 |language=zh |archive-date=May 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516053954/http://hainan.sina.com.cn/news/hnyw/2015-10-04/detail-ifximeyw9508936.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> Flights from Haikou Meilan International Airport resumed on the afternoon of October 4.<ref name="HAK"/> All train services resumed on the morning of October 5.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Huang Dan |author2=Xu Wu |title=东环高铁动车、进出岛客列5日起恢复开行 |url=http://hainan.sina.com.cn/news/2015-10-04/detail-ifximeyy6291673.shtml |access-date=May 16, 2021 |work=hinews.cn |publisher=Sina |date=October 4, 2015 |language=zh |archive-date=May 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516055459/http://hainan.sina.com.cn/news/2015-10-04/detail-ifximeyy6291673.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref>
==== Hong Kong and Macau ==== thumb|Typhoon Mujigae intensifying south of Hong Kong and Macau on October 3 The influence of Mujigae and a high-pressure area to the north brought squalls and rain to Hong Kong from October 3 to 5 as Mujigae passed to the south of the territory. Strong Wind Signal No. 3 was issued from October 3 to 4, and Amber Rainstorm Warning Signals were raised twice on the two days. Rainfall totals from October 2 to 5 ranged around {{cvt|150|mm|in}}, reaching up to {{cvt|250|mm|in}} over the southwestern part of Lantau Island. The weather conditions caused 39 aircraft to be diverted from Hong Kong International Airport,<ref name="HKO"/> and disrupted ferry services to and from Macau.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kao |first1=Ernest |title=Flights cut, MTR trains down, trees uprooted and runner rescued in Hong Kong as Typhoon Mujigae sweeps inland |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/health-environment/article/1863966/flights-reduced-trees-collapse-and-mtr-trains |access-date=May 15, 2021 |work=South China Morning Post |date=October 4, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007013519/http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/health-environment/article/1863966/flights-reduced-trees-collapse-and-mtr-trains |archive-date=October 7, 2015}}</ref> At least 30 incidents of fallen trees and 14 incidents of flooding were recorded, with a fallen tree near Fanling station halting train services by damaging overhead cables.<ref name="HKO">{{cite web |title=Severe Typhoon Mujigae (1522) 1 – 5 October 2015 |url=http://www.hko.gov.hk/en/informtc/mujigae15/report.htm# |publisher=Hong Kong Observatory |access-date=May 15, 2021 |date=November 28, 2019 |archive-date=May 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515104056/http://www.hko.gov.hk/en/informtc/mujigae15/report.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> A runner participating in a race between Lantau and Sunset Peaks suffered a broken arm when he slipped off the track amid the adverse weather conditions.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mok |first1=Danny |title=Runner in Hong Kong's Lantau 2 Peaks race escapes with broken arm after tree stops him plunging down slope |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/education-community/article/1864134/runner-hong-kongs-lantau-2-peaks-race-escapes |access-date=May 15, 2021 |work=South China Morning Post |date=October 5, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007041745/http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/education-community/article/1864134/runner-hong-kongs-lantau-2-peaks-race-escapes |archive-date=October 7, 2015}}</ref> The final round of the Asia-Pacific Amateur Championship ended prematurely due to thunderstorms on the morning of October 4.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jin, 17, heads for USPGA Masters as Asia amateur cut short |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/sports/717248/jin-17-heads-for-uspga-masters-as-asia-amateur-cut-short |access-date=January 29, 2022 |work=Bangkok Post |date=October 4, 2015 }}</ref>
Nearby Macau experienced a similar situation from October 3 to 5.<ref name="MDT">{{cite news |title=Mujigae blasts city with strong winds and heavy rain |url=https://macaudailytimes.com.mo/mujigae-blasts-city-with-strong-winds-and-heavy-rain.html |access-date=May 27, 2021 |work=Macau Daily Times |date=October 5, 2015 |archive-date=February 20, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220015410/http://macaudailytimes.com.mo/mujigae-blasts-city-with-strong-winds-and-heavy-rain.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Typhoon Signal No. 3 was raised from the evening of October 3 to the morning on October 5 as heavy rains and gusty winds buffeted the territory.<ref>{{cite conference |page=4 |title=Member Report of Macao, China |author=Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau |publisher=ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee |url=http://www.typhooncommittee.org/10IWS/Members/MacaoTC_Member%20Report2015.pdf |date=October 26–29, 2015 |access-date=May 15, 2021 |conference=ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee 10th Integrated Workshop |conference-url=http://www.typhooncommittee.org/10IWS/ |location=Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |archive-date=February 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223195107/http://www.typhooncommittee.org/10IWS/Members/MacaoTC_Member%20Report2015.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Some flooding occurred in low-lying regions.<ref name="HKO"/> The Fire Services Bureau received 27 reports of fallen trees; in total they responded to 59 typhoon-related incidents. Thunderstorms forced the cancellation of six outdoor events and delayed at least 15 flights from Macau International Airport.<ref name="MDT"/> Ferry operator TurboJET suspended services from Macau to Shenzhen and Hong Kong.<ref>{{cite news |title=Typhoon Mujigae disrupts flights and ferries |url=https://www.macaubusiness.com/typhoon-mujigae-disrupts-flights-and-ferries-2/ |access-date=May 27, 2021 |work=Macau Business |date=October 4, 2015 |archive-date=May 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210529111553/https://www.macaubusiness.com/typhoon-mujigae-disrupts-flights-and-ferries-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A woman at the University of Macau suffered cuts on her limbs from broken glass and was sent to hospital.<ref name="MDT"/> The adverse weather caused Macau's tourist visitation numbers to drop by 16 percent in the week following the typhoon, erasing gains from China's Golden Week holidays.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Duggan |first1=Wayne |title=Typhoon Mujigae Rains On Macau's Golden Week Parade |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/weather/typhoon-mujigae-rains-macaus-golden-190242800.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAGhpoQlTg8F8k3M7iZe0uRWA5I1BrDTZUZUXV7g1saNjkD6uPFoXLOlv-rA2QO4BClpNm5NcyKq0y4KufSK2oZQr3lKNgQemzyTC3nl-27Dr9SjECaQeY9Lu4fquQ-S2pDYujqp1HVsy9cGh7_aZOK7Ie2TgShcmE8LQw0zePBnf |access-date=May 27, 2021 |work=Yahoo! News |date=October 13, 2015 |archive-date=May 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210529111547/https://www.yahoo.com/news/weather/typhoon-mujigae-rains-macaus-golden-190242800.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAGhpoQlTg8F8k3M7iZe0uRWA5I1BrDTZUZUXV7g1saNjkD6uPFoXLOlv-rA2QO4BClpNm5NcyKq0y4KufSK2oZQr3lKNgQemzyTC3nl-27Dr9SjECaQeY9Lu4fquQ-S2pDYujqp1HVsy9cGh7_aZOK7Ie2TgShcmE8LQw0zePBnf |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Southeast Asia === As Mujigae weakened inland over China, it brought torrential rain to parts of Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, and Laos.<ref>{{cite report |title=Evaluation Report on Flash Flood Guidance System for Flood Season 2015 |url=http://ffw.mrcmekong.org/weekly_report/2015/Flash%20flood%20Guidance%20evaluation%20Report%20flood%20seasonal%202015.pdf |pages=117–128 |publisher=Mekong River Commission |author=Regional Flood Management and Mitigation Centre |date=May 2016 |access-date=January 29, 2022 |archive-date=January 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129045134/http://ffw.mrcmekong.org/weekly_report/2015/Flash%20flood%20Guidance%20evaluation%20Report%20flood%20seasonal%202015.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The combination of Mujigae and a cold front brought up to {{cvt|100|mm|in}} of rain to mountainous regions in the Vietnamese provinces of Quảng Ninh, Lạng Sơn, and Cao Bằng.<ref>{{cite news |title=Torrential rains hit northern Vietnam in wake of Typhoon Mujigae |url=https://www.vir.com.vn/torrential-rains-hit-northern-vietnam-in-wake-of-typhoon-mujigae-37618.html |access-date=May 27, 2021 |work=Vietnam Investment Review |date=October 6, 2015 |archive-date=May 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210529111549/https://www.vir.com.vn/torrential-rains-hit-northern-vietnam-in-wake-of-typhoon-mujigae-37618.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Meanwhile, heavy rains in Northeast and Central Thailand had the beneficial effect of filling reservoirs, but caused several flash floods on October 4 and 5. One such flood in Nakhon Sawan Province ruined {{cvt|2000|rai|hectare acre|lk=in}} of cropland, while another in Chachoengsao Province inundated 40 houses, causing damage to agricultural equipment and electrical appliances. In Ratchaburi Province, a crocodile farm was flooded, and some of the crocodiles escaped. Other provinces affected by flash floods included Chanthaburi and Kamphaeng Phet.<ref>{{cite news |title=Typhoon brings flash floods havoc |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/717632/typhoon-brings-flash-floods-havoc |access-date=May 27, 2021 |work=Bangkok Post |date=October 5, 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Mujigae rains fill up reservoirs |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/special-reports/719108/mujigae-rains-fill-up-reservoirs |access-date=May 27, 2021 |work=Bangkok Post |date=October 6, 2015 }}</ref>
==Aftermath== Following Mujigae's landfall in Guangdong, the National Disaster Reduction Center of China and the Ministry of Civil Affairs launched a Level IV emergency response in Guangdong and Guangxi. Guangdong's local government allocated ¥20 million (US${{To USD round|20|CHN|year=2015|sf=2}} million) of funds to immediate disaster relief,<ref>{{cite news |title=国家减灾委、民政部启动国家IV级救灾应急响应 协助广东广西做好台风"彩虹"灾害救灾工作 |url=http://finance.sina.com.cn/roll/20151006/052023407125.shtml |access-date=May 26, 2021 |work=China Economic Times |publisher=Sina |date=October 6, 2015 |language=zh |archive-date=May 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526043659/http://finance.sina.com.cn/roll/20151006/052023407125.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> and distributed ¥900,000 (US${{To USD round|900000|CHN|year=2015|sf=2}}) worth of relief supplies in Yanjiang and Maoming by October 5.<ref name="GD Sina Oct 5"/> The next day, Guangdong authorities moved 300 tents, 300 folding beds, 2,100 quilts, 4,100 towels, 3,500 sets of clothing, and 250 emergency lights to affected cities.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Li Qiang |title=广东灾区各项救助工作有序开展 |url=http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2015-10/07/content_2943035.htm |work=Nanfang Daily |publisher=Government of the People's Republic of China |access-date=May 27, 2021 |language=zh |date=October 7, 2015 |archive-date=January 31, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131085441/http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2015-10/07/content_2943035.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Guangxi's local government invested ¥18 million (US${{To USD round|18|CHN|year=2015|sf=2}} million) into disaster relief by October 5, with plans to set aside a further ¥29 million (US${{To USD round|29|CHN|year=2015|sf=2}} million).<ref name="GX cost"/> Around 24,800 workers from China Southern Power Grid were dispatched to restore electrical services, and by the morning of October 6 about 78 percent of households had their power restored. Outages in Hainan and Guangxi were fully resolved on October 5 and 7, respectively.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Wu Tao |title=两万余人抢修两天 广东广西海南三地供电恢复近八成 |url=https://www.sohu.com/a/34429741_114812 |access-date=May 26, 2021 |work=Xinhua |publisher=Sohu |date=October 6, 2015 |language=zh |archive-date=May 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526042028/https://www.sohu.com/a/34429741_114812 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author1=Wang Chunnan |author2=Chen Qinrong |author3=Liang Liqiu |title=广西因灾停电用户全部恢复供电 |url=https://www.sohu.com/a/34638958_161788 |access-date=May 26, 2021 |work=Guangxi Daily |publisher=Sohu |date=October 8, 2015 |language=zh |archive-date=May 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526042025/https://www.sohu.com/a/34638958_161788 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Typhoon Mujigae kills 19 in south China |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/china/typhoon-mujigae-kills-19-south-china |access-date=May 15, 2021 |work=Xinhua |date=October 6, 2015 |via=ReliefWeb |archive-date=May 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515104103/https://reliefweb.int/report/china/typhoon-mujigae-kills-19-south-china |url-status=live }}</ref>
On October 27, the Chinese government announced that ¥300 million (US${{To USD round|300|CHN|year=2015|sf=2}} million) of funds would be set aside for disaster relief efforts in Guangdong and Guangxi in addition to drought-stricken North China. This would cover reconstruction efforts and living expenses for those affected by Mujigae in the two provinces.<ref>{{cite web |title=Disaster relief funds earmarked |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/china/disaster-relief-funds-earmarked |publisher=Government of the People's Republic of China |access-date=May 15, 2021 |date=October 27, 2015 |via=ReliefWeb |archive-date=May 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515104105/https://reliefweb.int/report/china/disaster-relief-funds-earmarked |url-status=live }}</ref> A further contribution of ¥103 million (US${{To USD round|103|CHN|year=2015|sf=3}} million) was announced by the National Development and Reform Commission on November 5.<ref>{{cite news |title=我委下达台风"彩虹"灾后恢复建设中央预算内投资 |url=http://finance.sina.com.cn/roll/20151105/083923684035.shtml |access-date=May 15, 2021 |work=National Development and Reform Commission |publisher=Sina |date=November 5, 2015 |language=zh |archive-date=May 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515153651/http://finance.sina.com.cn/roll/20151105/083923684035.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref>
===Retirement=== {{See also|List of retired Pacific typhoon names}} At the 48th Session of the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee held from February 22 to 25, 2016, the name ''Mujigae'' was retired following a request by China due to the high damage and death toll caused by the storm.<ref>{{cite conference |title=48th ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee Session Report |publisher=ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee |url=http://www.typhooncommittee.org/48th/docs/final/TC48FINAL.pdf |date=February 22–25, 2016 |access-date=May 15, 2021 |conference=48th Session of the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee |conference-url=http://www.typhooncommittee.org/48th/ |location=Honolulu, Hawaii, United States |archive-date=October 7, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007120732/http://www.typhooncommittee.org/48th/docs/final/TC48FINAL.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2017, the name ''Surigae'' was chosen as a replacement.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Davis |first1=Hana |title=Four typhoon names get rebranded, Hong Kong Observatory announces |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/health-environment/article/2098338/four-typhoon-names-get-rebranded-hong-kong |access-date=May 15, 2021 |work=South China Morning Post |date=June 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170618124048/http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/health-environment/article/2098338/four-typhoon-names-get-rebranded-hong-kong |archive-date=June 18, 2017}}</ref>
==See also== {{portal|Tropical cyclones|China}} *Weather of 2015 *Tropical cyclones in 2015 *List of tornadoes spawned by tropical cyclones *List of Philippine typhoons (2000–present) <!-- Do not add any individual storms here so this section can conforms to MOS:SEEALSO -->
==Notes== {{reflist|group=nb}}
==References== {{reflist|30em}}
==External links== {{Commons category|Typhoon Mujigae (2015)}} *[http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/digital-typhoon/summary/wnp/s/201522.html.en JMA General Information] of Typhoon Mujigae (1522) from Digital Typhoon *[http://www.data.jma.go.jp/fcd/yoho/data/typhoon/T1522.pdf JMA Best Track Data] of Typhoon Mujigae (1522) {{in lang|ja}} <!--*[http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/best_tracks/2015/2015s-bwp/bwp222015.dat JTWC Best Track Data]{{dead link|date=April 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} of Typhoon 22W (Mujigae)--> *[https://web.archive.org/web/20161221003123/http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/tcdat/tc15/WPAC/22W.MUJIGAE/ 22W.MUJIGAE] from the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory
{{Retired Pacific typhoon names}} {{2015 Pacific typhoon season buttons}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mujigae}} Category:2015 disasters in China Mujigae Mujigae Mujigae Mujigae Mujigae Mujigae Mujigae Category:Retired Pacific typhoons