{{Short description|Pacific typhoon in 2021}} {{Other hurricanes|List of storms named Cempaka|the typhoon in 2021}} {{Use mdy dates|date=July 2021}} {{Infobox weather event | image = Cempaka 2021-07-20 0555Z.jpg | caption = Cempaka at peak intensity on July 20 | formed = July 17, 2021 | dissipated = July 25, 2021 }}{{Infobox weather event/JMA | winds = 70 | pressure = 980 }}{{Infobox weather event/JTWC | winds = 80 | pressure = 965 | basin = Wpac }}{{Infobox weather event/Effects | year = 2021 | fatalities = 3 | damage = 4250000 | areas = Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hong Kong, Macau, and Vietnam }}{{Infobox weather event/Footer | season = 2021 Pacific typhoon season }} '''Typhoon Cempaka'''{{refn|The name ''Cempaka'' (Malay: cempaka, [[Help:IPA/Indonesian and Malay|[t͡ʃəmpakə]]]) was contributed by Malaysia and means champak (''Magnolia champaca'') in Malay.<ref>{{Cite web |date= February 23, 2017 |title=Replacement Names of KOPPU, MELOR, SOUDELOR, and MUJIGAE in the Tropical Cyclone Name List |url=https://www.typhooncommittee.org/49th/Docs49/item%2015/15.2%20Replacement%20for%20Typhoon%20Names.pdf |access-date=March 15, 2026 |website=Typhoon Committee}}</ref>|group="nb"}} was a moderately-strong, slow-moving and fairly long-lived tropical cyclone that caused substantial damage in China and Vietnam toward the end of July 2021. The seventh named storm and the fourth typhoon of the 2021 Pacific typhoon season, the storm formed from a tropical disturbance west of the Philippines on July 17. Around the same time, the JMA recognized the system as a tropical depression, with the JTWC issuing a TCFA for the disturbance. The storm slowly moved northwestward towards China, and on July 19, the system strengthened into a tropical storm and was given the name ''Cempaka'' by the JMA. On the next day, Cempaka reached its peak intensity, peaking as a Category 1-equivalent typhoon, before making landfall on China later that day. Afterward, Cempaka rapidly weakened as it moved inland, weakening into a tropical depression on July 21. The storm subsequently initiated a counterclockwise loop, moving westward across southern China, and turning southward and emerging into the Gulf of Tonkin on July 23. Afterward, Cempaka turned eastward for the next few days, before dissipating over southern Hainan on July 26.
== Meteorological history== {{storm path|Cempaka 2021 path.png|colors=new}} At 18:00 UTC on July 16, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA){{#tag:ref|The Japan Meteorological Agency is the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the western Pacific Ocean.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|title=Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo – Typhoon Center 2000|date=February 2001|access-date=July 29, 2017|url=http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/AnnualReport/2000/Text/Text2000.pdf|page=3|archive-date=October 31, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031002308/http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/AnnualReport/2000/Text/Text2000.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>|group="nb"}} started to monitor a tropical disturbance that formed in the South China Sea, west of the Philippines.<ref>{{cite web |title=WWJP27 RJTD 161800 |url=https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/RJTD/Alphanumeric/Warning/Warnings_and_weather_summary/20210716/180000/A_WWJP27RJTD161800_C_RJTD_20210716201817_62.txt |publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency |access-date=July 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210717074106/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/RJTD/Alphanumeric/Warning/Warnings_and_weather_summary/20210716/180000/A_WWJP27RJTD161800_C_RJTD_20210716201817_62.txt |archive-date=July 17, 2021 |date=July 16, 2021 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Moving westward and later to the west-northwest, the system further intensified to a tropical depression and was designated as ''Invest 99W'' by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC){{#tag:ref|The Joint Typhoon Warning Center is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force task force that issues tropical cyclone warnings for the western Pacific Ocean and other regions.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|title=Joint Typhoon Warning Center Mission Statement|year=2011|access-date=July 25, 2012|url=https://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/menu/JTWC_mission.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070726103400/https://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/menu/JTWC_mission.html|archive-date=July 26, 2007}}</ref>|group="nb"}} two hours later, with its development chances being "low".<ref name="170200Z-170600Z">{{Cite JTWC|date=July 17, 2021|type=|title=Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Reissued 170200Z-170600Z July 2021|designation=99W|url=https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/text/2021-07-17-0140-abpwweb.txt|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210728032332/https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/text/2021-07-17-0140-abpwweb.txt|archive-date=July 28, 2021|access-date=July 28, 2021}}</ref> Located approximately {{convert|224|nmi|round=5|abbr=on}} to the south-southeast of Hong Kong, multispectral satellite imagery on the disturbance revealed a broad low-level circulation center with flaring convection (or thunderstorms) over the center. Analysis on the conditions in the South China Sea depicted a favorable environment for development, with warm sea surface temperatures up to {{convert|31-32|C|F}} and good radial outflow, being inhibited by low to moderate amounts of wind shear.<ref name="170200Z-170600Z"/> The system's tropical cyclone development potential was later upgraded to medium,<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=July 17, 2021|type=|designation=99W|url=https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/text/2021-07-17-0610-abpwweb.txt|title=Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans from 170600Z-180600Z July 2021|access-date=July 22, 2021}}</ref> and by 23:00 UTC, the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert for the system as the system became more organized.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=July 17, 2021|access-date=July 18, 2021|type=tcfa|designation=99W|url=https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/text/2021-07-17-2250-wp9921web.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718094658/https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/text/2021-07-17-2250-wp9921web.txt|archive-date=July 18, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> By the next day, the JTWC had upgraded the system to a tropical depression, designating it as ''10W'', since it had an improved convective structure and had developed a defined low level circulation.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=July 18, 2021|type=warn|designation=10W|name=Ten|no=1|url=https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/text/2021-07-18-1530-wp1021web.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718153627/https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/text/2021-07-18-1530-wp1021web.txt|archive-date=July 18, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite JTWC|date=July 18, 2021|type=prog|designation=10W|name=Ten|no=1|url=https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/prog/2021-07-18-1540-wp1021prog.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718162942/https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/prog/2021-07-18-1540-wp1021prog.txt|archive-date=July 18, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> The JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical storm, as its low-level circulation center had organized more, with improved banding structure.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=July 18, 2021|access-date=July 19, 2021|type=prog|designation=10W|name=Ten|no=2|url=https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/prog/2021-07-18-2120-wp1021prog.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719030114/https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/prog/2021-07-18-2120-wp1021prog.txt|archive-date=July 19, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> At 00:00 UTC the next day, the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical storm and assigned the name ''Cempaka''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.data.jma.go.jp/multi/cyclone/cyclone_detail.html?id=61&lang=en|title=Tropical Cyclone Information for Tropical Storm 2107 (Cempaka)|website=www.jma.go.jp|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|date=July 19, 2021|access-date=July 19, 2021|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210719024534/https://www.data.jma.go.jp/multi/cyclone/cyclone_detail.html?id=61&lang=en|archive-date=July 19, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> At 21:00 UTC, the JTWC declared Cempaka to be a Category 1 typhoon, as it developed a {{cvt|15|nmi}} wide ragged eye.<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=July 19, 2021|access-date=July 20, 2021|type=warn|designation=10W|name=Cempaka|no=6|url=https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/text/2021-07-19-2100-wp1021web.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720024613/https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/text/2021-07-19-2100-wp1021web.txt|archive-date=July 20, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite JTWC|date=July 19, 2021|access-date=July 20, 2021|type=prog|designation=10W|name=Cempaka|no=6|url=https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/prog/2021-07-19-2140-wp1021prog.txt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720024524/https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/prog/2021-07-19-2140-wp1021prog.txt|archive-date=July 20, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> The JMA later upgraded it to a severe tropical storm at 00:00 UTC on the next day.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.data.jma.go.jp/multi/cyclone/cyclone_detail.html?id=61&lang=en|title=Tropical Cyclone Information about Tropical Storm 2107 (Cempaka)|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|location=Tokyo, Japan|date=July 20, 2021|access-date=July 20, 2021|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210720024112/https://www.data.jma.go.jp/multi/cyclone/cyclone_detail.html?id=61&lang=en|archive-date=July 20, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> In their post-storm analysis, the JMA determined that Cempaka attained typhoon intensity on the same day. The storm made landfall near Yangjiang, on July 20,<ref name="makes landfall" /> and subsequently rapidly weakened into a tropical depression on July 21. For the next few days, the system moved southwestward, crossed Móng Cái City, Quảng Ninh Province in Vietnam on the night of July 22 and then moving into the Gulf of Tonkin on July 23. Afterward, the storm turned eastward, and continued this motion for another few days. On July 26, Cempaka dissipated over the southern coast of Hainan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/RJTD/Alphanumeric/Warning/Warnings_and_weather_summary/20210726/000000/A_WWJP27RJTD260000_C_RJTD_20210726021717_86.txt#selection-9.505-9.513|title=WWJP27 RJTD 260000|website=Japan Meteorological Agency|location=Tokyo, Japan|date=July 26, 2021|access-date=July 27, 2021|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210726075830/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/RJTD/Alphanumeric/Warning/Warnings_and_weather_summary/20210726/000000/A_WWJP27RJTD260000_C_RJTD_20210726021717_86.txt#selection-9.505-9.513|archive-date=July 26, 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Preparations and impact == === China === [[File:Cempaka and In-fa - Jul 20, 2021.jpg|270px|thumb|right|Two simultaneous tropical cyclones on July 20, Typhoons Cempaka (left) and In-fa (right).]] In Guangdong, 105,000 people were evacuated as Cempaka approached the province. Local authorities ordered the shutdown of 57 coastal tourist destinations, called back 36,280 fishing vessels and asked 16,243 fish-farming workers to be evacuated ashore, according to the provincial emergency management department.<ref>{{Cite news|date=July 21, 2021|title=Over 100,000 evacuated as Typhoon Cempaka lands in China's Guangdong|work=Xinhua News Agency|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-07/21/c_1310075928.htm|access-date=July 23, 2021|archive-date=July 23, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723061840/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-07/21/c_1310075928.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="makes landfall">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/typhoon-cempaka-makes-landfall-chinas-guangdong-says-xinhua-2021-07-20/|title=Typhoon Cempaka makes landfall in China's Guangdong, says Xinhua|author1=Ismail Shakil|author2=David Goodman|work=Reuters|date=July 20, 2021|access-date=July 24, 2021|archive-date=July 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724223341/https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/typhoon-cempaka-makes-landfall-chinas-guangdong-says-xinhua-2021-07-20/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="China braces">{{cite news|url=https://www.shine.cn/news/nation/2107202297/|title=China braces for Typhoon Cempaka and Typhoon In-Fa|author=Han Jing|website=shine.cn|publisher=Xinhua|date=July 20, 2021|access-date=July 24, 2021|archive-date=July 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724223342/https://www.shine.cn/news/nation/2107202297/|url-status=live}}</ref> The city of Yangjiang implemented traffic controls on many roads and issued a red alert for rainstorms. It also called back 384 fishing vessels and asked 2,680 fish-farming workers to be evacuated ashore. Nearly 5,000 people in the city were evacuated to safety. In Guangzhou, the Baiyun International Airport canceled 127 flights and delayed 19 outbound flights by 5:15 pm local time at Tuesday.<ref>{{Cite web|last=江巍|title=Typhoon Cempaka makes landfall in China's Guangdong|url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202107/21/WS60f7b2b9a310efa1bd663623.html|access-date=July 27, 2021|website=www.chinadaily.com.cn|archive-date=July 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727082609/https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202107/21/WS60f7b2b9a310efa1bd663623.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In Yangxi County, the local transportation bureau dispatched 325 staff and law enforcement personnel, inspected 120 vehicles to carry out typhoon rescue, road clearance and traffic diversion, and cleared more than 80 roadblocks. A total of 20 houses were damaged, of which 7 were severely damaged and 13 were partially damaged, along with some road traffic facilities. In total, economic losses totaled $4.25 million in the county.<ref>{{Cite web|title=众志成城抹灾痕！阳西县把台风造成损失降至最低 -阳西县人民政府网站|url=http://www.yangxi.gov.cn/xw/yxxw/content/mpost_548504.html|access-date=July 28, 2021|website=www.yangxi.gov.cn|archive-date=July 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728050807/http://www.yangxi.gov.cn/xw/yxxw/content/mpost_548504.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Hong Kong === thumb|Cempaka as a tropical storm on July 19 The Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) issued a Signal No. 1 alert on July 18, at 9:40 PM local time (01:40 UTC), as Cempaka was located within 800 km away from Hong Kong.<ref>{{Cite web|title=天 氣 稿 第 221 號 - 發出/取消熱帶氣旋警告信號|url=https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/wr/202107/18/P2021071800822.htm|access-date=July 27, 2021|website=www.info.gov.hk|archive-date=July 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722120152/https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/wr/202107/18/P2021071800822.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The following day, a Signal No. 3 alert was further issued by the observatory, at 4:10 PM local time (08:10 UTC).<ref>{{Cite web|title=天 氣 稿 第 191 號 - 發出/取消熱帶氣旋警告信號|url=https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/wr/202107/19/P2021071900667.htm|access-date=July 27, 2021|website=www.info.gov.hk|archive-date=July 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720090838/https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/wr/202107/19/P2021071900667.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Amid a Signal No. 3 alert, a 60-year old hiker was found dead following hours of long search and was discovered to have been swept away by flooding after reaching Hero Falls, the police said.<ref>{{Cite web|date=July 20, 2021|title=Hong Kong hiker swept away amid typhoon warning found dead after search|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-and-crime/article/3141781/hong-kong-rescuers-divers-search-hiker-swept-away|access-date=July 27, 2021|website=South China Morning Post|language=en|archive-date=July 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726224947/https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-and-crime/article/3141781/hong-kong-rescuers-divers-search-hiker-swept-away|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Vietnam === 2 people died, each respectively from Vĩnh Long and Cà Mau, due to a house collapse. Furthermore, 137 houses collapsed and 125 roofs were removed. A landslide was also reported on a river bank in Ngọc Hiển district. In Thanh Hóa, the district experienced heavy rain due to the influence of Cempaka as a weakened tropical depression. Assessing the complicated flood situation, the district government evacuated 305 households and about 1,400 people to a safer place. Flooding caused some damage in Mường Lát. On the afternoon of July 23, floods passed through Quang Chieu commune, sweeping away a temporary bridge that connected Pung village to three hamlets, Suoi Tut and Côn Đảo villages, which made it difficult for nearly 180 households to travel. The government has sent people to guard, not allowing people and vehicles to pass.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Viet Nam, Flooding, Landslide, Wind and Storm in Southern Central and Southern Provinces (TC Cempaka) (24 Jul 2021) - Viet Nam|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/viet-nam/viet-nam-flooding-landslide-wind-and-storm-southern-central-and-southern-provinces|access-date=July 27, 2021|website=ReliefWeb|date=July 27, 2021 |language=en|archive-date=July 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727041638/https://reliefweb.int/report/viet-nam/viet-nam-flooding-landslide-wind-and-storm-southern-central-and-southern-provinces|url-status=live}}</ref> The city of Lào Cai experienced torrential rains, submerging many roads, streets and caused hundreds of households to be flooded.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lào Cai: Mưa lớn gây ngập cục bộ|url=http://phongchongthientai.mard.gov.vn/Pages/lao-cai-mua-lon-gay-ngap-cuc-bo.aspx|access-date=July 27, 2021|website=phongchongthientai.mard.gov.vn|archive-date=July 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727040458/http://phongchongthientai.mard.gov.vn/Pages/lao-cai-mua-lon-gay-ngap-cuc-bo.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Elsewhere === In the Philippines, the system enhanced the prevailing southwest monsoon, together with In-fa (locally known as Fabian). As a result, heavy rainfall warnings were issued by the PAGASA for Metro Manila and several other provinces nearby.<ref>{{Cite web|date=July 21, 2021|title=Heavy rainfall warning up in Metro Manila, nearby provinces due to habagat|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/news/07/21/21/heavy-rainfall-warning-metro-manila-nearby-areas-habagat-july-21-2021|access-date=July 26, 2021|website=ABS-CBN News|language=en|archive-date=July 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721042641/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/07/21/21/heavy-rainfall-warning-metro-manila-nearby-areas-habagat-july-21-2021|url-status=live}}</ref> In Macau, the Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau (SMG) hoisted a Signal No. 3 alert at 2:30 pm and remained in effect throughout the rest of the day.<ref>{{Cite web|date=July 19, 2021|title=Signal No. 3 hoisted as storm moves towards Guangdong's western coast|url=https://macaonews.org/social-affairs/signal-no-3-hoisted-as-cempaka-moves-towards-guangdongs-western-coast/|access-date=July 27, 2021|website=Macao News|language=en-US|archive-date=July 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727084828/https://macaonews.org/social-affairs/signal-no-3-hoisted-as-cempaka-moves-towards-guangdongs-western-coast/|url-status=live}}</ref> The managing director who oversees the Xayaburi Dam in Laos, which reflected the volumes discharge from the Mekong River that ran through the power plant, stated that the flow rate was 8,000 cubic metres per second, an increase from the average of 3,588 cubic meter per second during the period from July 1–24, with the rise being attributed to Cempaka.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Power plant shares effects of Cempaka storm|work=Bangkok Post|date=July 27, 2021 |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/pr/2155675/how-cempaka-storm-affected-xayaburi-power-plant|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728012824/https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/pr/2155675/how-cempaka-storm-affected-xayaburi-power-plant|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 28, 2021|access-date=2021-07-28}}</ref>
== See also == {{Portal|Tropical cyclones|China|Hong Kong|Vietnam}} * Weather of 2021 * Tropical cyclones in 2021 * Tropical Storm Goni (2009) * Tropical Storm Nida (2016) * Tropical Storm Higos (2020) {{clear}}
== Notes == {{Reflist|group=nb}}
== References == {{reflist|3}}
== External links == {{commons category|Typhoon Cempaka}} *[https://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/digital-typhoon/summary/wnp/s/202107.html.en JMA General Information] of Severe Tropical Storm Cempaka (2107) from Digital Typhoon *[https://archive.today/20211101104325/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/ax/axpq20.rjtd..txt JMA Best Track Data] of Typhoon Cempaka (2107) (Date Released November 1) *[http://www.data.jma.go.jp/fcd/yoho/data/typhoon/T2107.png JMA Best Track Data (Graphics)] of Typhoon Cempaka (2107) *[https://web.archive.org/web/20210726121116/https://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/tcdat/tc2021/WP/WP102021/txt/trackfile.txt JTWC Best Track Data] of Typhoon 10W (Cempaka) *[https://web.archive.org/web/20210726121122/https://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/tcdat/tc21/WPAC/10W.CEMPAKA/ 10W.CEMPAKA] from the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory
{{2021 Pacific typhoon season buttons}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cempaka}} Category:2021 Pacific typhoon season Category:Tropical cyclones in 2021 Category:July 2021 in Asia Category:Typhoons in China Category:2021 disasters in China