Turkish State Cemetery

{{Short description|National and military cemetery in Ankara, Turkey}} {{More citations needed|date=November 2010}} {{Infobox Cemetery |name = Turkish State Cemetery |native_name = Devlet Mezarlığı |image = Devlet Mezarlığı Otağ.JPG |imagesize = |caption = Otağ (marquee) in the State cemetery. |established = {{start date and age|1988|08|30}} |country = Turkey |location = Ankara |coordinates = {{coord|39|56|13|N|32|48|26|E|source:hewiki_region:TR_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} |type = Military, national |owner = |size = |graves =  |website = |findagrave =  |political =  }}

The '''Turkish State Cemetery''' ({{langx|tr|Devlet Mezarlığı}}) is a national and military cemetery in Ankara, Turkey, containing the graves of the presidents of Turkey and the high-ranked, close companions-in-arms of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of the Republic of Turkey, in the Turkish War of Independence.

== History == The cemetery was established upon an act dated November 10, 1981. It is situated around the "''Karadeniz Havuzu''" (Black Sea Pool) on the grounds of the historical "''Atatürk Orman Çiftliği''" (Atatürk Forest Ranch) in Ankara. The architect Özgür Ecevit and the agronomist Ekrem Gürenli, who won the contest organized by the Ministry of National Defense in 1982, designed the state cemetery.

It was opened on August 30, 1988 with a state funeral ceremony for the transferred bodies of two presidents, Cemal Gürsel and Cevdet Sunay, and of 61 commanders of the War of Independence. At the opening ceremony were present, President Kenan Evren, Prime Minister Turgut Özal, and leaders of the political parties represented in the parliament, Erdal İnönü (SHP) and Süleyman Demirel (DYP), and members of the President's Council.<ref>{{cite web|title = Opening ceremony of the State Cemetery|publisher = Press Agency of the Turkish Government website |url = http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/AyinTarihi/1988/agustos1988.htm|language=tr}}</ref>

The cemetery is administered by the Ministry of National Defense.

== The memorial park == It is memorial park with an area of 536,000 m² open to the public, of which 180,000 m² is planned and the remaining is green area. The Black Sea Pool, built in 1931 by the order of Atatürk, was restored during the establishment of the state cemetery. The surrounding area of the pool serves today as a recreational park.

A road within the cemetery flanked by marble sculptures, called "''Cumhuriyet Tarihi Yolu''" (History of the Republic Road), is dedicated to the milestones in the era of the rebirth of the nation. This collection of artworks features the first-ever large-scale sculpture arrangement in Turkey. The road starts with a statue symbolizing the beginning of the War of Independence by landing Atatürk’s in Samsun on May 19, 1919. Sculptures remembering the congresses in Erzurum and Sivas, establishment of the new parliament in Ankara follow. In the section of wars, 5 columns stand in the water with inscriptions from the "''Büyük Söylev''" (Grand Speech) of Atatürk. A sculpture erected for the Peace Treaty of Lausanne accomplishes this section. Reliefs on both sides of the road in this section describe the foundation of the regular armed forces, First and Second İnönü Battles, Battle of the Sakarya and the Battle of Dumlupınar. The last artwork is a single abstract sculpture symbolizing the abolition of the office of caliphate by the republic. A team of Turkish sculptors led by the renowned artist Rahmi Aksungur created the artworks.

<gallery class="center"> File:Devlet Mezarlığı Atatürk’ün Samsun’a çıkışını ifade eden bir kaya.JPG|a statue symbolizing the beginning of the War of Independence by landing Atatürk’s in Samsun on May 19, 1919 File:Devlet mezarlığı Kongreler Bölümü.JPG|Congresses section File:Devlet mezarlığı Kongreler Bölümü 2.JPG|Congresses section File:Devlet mezarlığı Savaşlar Bölümü.JPG|Battles section File:Devlet Mezarlığı Savaşlar 2.JPG|Battles section relief File:Devlet Mezarlığı Savaşlar 3.JPG|Battles section relief File:Devlet Mezarlığı Savaşlar 4.JPG|Battles section relief File:Devlet Mezarlığı Lozan.JPG|Peace Treaty of Lausanne File:Devlet Mezarlığı Cumhuriyet.JPG|Republic File:Devlet mezarlığı heykel 1.JPG File:Devlet mezarlığı heykel 2.JPG File:Devlet mezarlığı heykel 3.JPG File:Devlet_mezarlığı_giriş.JPG|Entrance </gallery>

== The cemetery == A funeral ceremony place borders the graveyard, which is decorated by two sculpture groups on both sides showing scenes from the War of Independence. An octagon structure in the form of a Turkic yurt, called "''Simge''" (Symbol), is found at the end of the ceremony place, which serves as a shelter against bright light, heat or precipitation. A wall under the "''Simge''" memorizes the burials with their names carved on it, and looks like an unfinished one. For every new president of Turkey, a stone is added to this "''Anısal Duvar''" (Memorial Wall) to express the continuity of the republic. A flagpole of 25 meters tall is erected in the graveyard of presidents, symbolizing the development of the republic.

The state cemetery is served by the city bus line 365 from Kızılay, or public bus line 339 from Sıhhiye Bridge.

== The museum == Inside the cemetery, a museum exhibits personal belongings, photos and printed media of the burials. It is open weekdays except Monday and Tuesday.

== Burials ==  The personalities, who are entitled to be buried in the state cemetery are, according to law, state presidents and commanders of the War of Independence only. In November 2006, an act of parliament extended the list of persons to prime ministers and speakers of the parliament to enable the burial in the state cemetery of former Prime Minister Bülent Ecevit, who died on November 5, 2006. In January 2020, all parties agreed for burial of Rahşan Ecevit into the state cemetery, making her the first civilian to be buried.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rahşan Ecevit devlet mezarlığına defnedilecek |url=http://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/turkiye/1715058/rahsan-ecevit-devlet-mezarligina-defnedilecek.html |website=www.cumhuriyet.com.tr |accessdate=19 January 2020 |language=tr}}</ref>

=== Presidents === * Cemal Gürsel, 4th president * Cevdet Sunay, 5th president * Fahri Korutürk, 6th president * Kenan Evren, 7th president

=== Prime Ministers === * Bülent Ecevit, 16th prime minister * Yıldırım Akbulut, 20th prime minister<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/eski-basbakan-yildirim-akbuluta-veda-41789125 |newspaper=Hürriyet |title=Eski Başbakan Yıldırım Akbulut'a veda! Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan'dan cenaze töreninde açıklama |date=15 April 2021 |language=tr |accessdate=16 April 2021 }}</ref>

=== Speakers of the Parliament === * Ferruh Bozbeyli, 10th speaker * Sabit Osman Avcı, 12th speaker * Kemal Güven, 13th speaker * İsmet Sezgin, 18th speaker

=== Commanders === The cemetery has memorials to 61 companions-in-arms of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk from the Turkish War of Independence. These memorials include one mareşal (field marshal), 11 at the rank of birinci ferik (general), 14 at the rank of ferik (lieutenant general), 20 at the rank of mirliva (major general), 14 at the rank of miralay (brigadier) and one kaymakam (colonel). Of the 61 tombs, 11 are empty and are just symbolic monuments.<ref name="Tayyar">Şamil Tayyar, [http://www.stargazete.com/guncel/yazar/samil-tayyar/ecevit-e-komsu-11-bos-mezar-haber-138671.htm Ecevit’e komşu 11 boş mezar], ''Star'', November 9, 2006</ref>

# Fevzi Çakmak, müşir 1922 – mareşal (empty, his body lies in the Türbe of Hüseyin Şeyh, Eyüp Cemetery<ref name="Sazak">Derya Sazak, [http://www.milliyet.com.tr/2006/11/19/ombudsman/aokur.html Devlet Mezarlığı'nda yatan ve yatmayanlar], ''Milliyet'', November 19, 2006</ref><ref name="Tayyar"/>) # Ali Fuat Cebesoy, birinci ferik 1926 (empty, his body lies in an atrium of Alifuatpaşa Merkez Camii in Geyve<ref name="Sazak"/><ref name="Tayyar"/>) # Cevat Çobanlı, birinci ferik 1926 # Yakup Şevki Subaşı, birinci ferik 1926 # Fahrettin Altay, birinci ferik 1926 # Kâzım Özalp, birinci ferik 1926 # Kâzım Karabekir, birinci ferik 1927 # İzzettin Çalışlar, birinci ferik 1930 – orgeneral # Kâzım Orbay, orgeneral 1935 # Abdurrahman Nafiz Gürman, orgeneral 1940 # Salih Omurtak, orgeneral 1940 # Mustafa Muğlalı, orgeneral 1942 (empty<ref name="Tayyar"/>) # Cemil Cahit Toydemir, orgeneral 1942 # Sabit Noyan, orgeneral 1945 # Kâzım İnanç, ferik 1924 # Şükrü Naili Gökberk, ferik 1926 # Ali Hikmet Ayerdem, ferik 1926 # Kemalettin Sami Gökçen, ferik 1926 # Naci Eldeniz, ferik 1927 # Nihat Anılmış, ferik 1928 # Mehmet Kâzım Dirik, ferik 1928 # Nazmi Solok, ferik 1930 # Ahmet Naci Tınaz, ferik 1930 # Ahmet Derviş, ferik 1930 (empty<ref name="Tayyar"/>) # Mehmet Kenan Dalbaşar, ferik 1931 # Ömer Halis Bıyıktay, ferik 1934 – korgeneral # Yusuf İzzet Met, mirliva 1915 (empty<ref name="Tayyar"/>) # Refet Bele, mirliva 1922 (empty, his body lies in Zincirlikuyu Mezarlığı<ref name="Tayyar"/>) # Rüştü Sakarya, mirliva 1921 # Selâhattin Âdil, mirliva 1923 # Kâzım Sevüktekin, mirliva 1922 # Osman Nuri Koptagel, mirliva 1922 # Hüseyin Nurettin Özsu, mirliva 1922 # Mehmet Sabri Erçetin, mirliva 1922 # Mürsel Bakû, mirliva 1922 # Halit Karsıalan, mirliva 1922 # Âşir Atlı, mirliva 1925 # Akif Erdemgil, mirliva 1927 # Sıtkı Üke, mirliva 1927 # Mehmet Suphi Kula, mirliva 1927 (empty<ref name="Tayyar"/>) # Cavit Erdel, mirliva 1927 # Alâattin Koval, mirliva 1927 # Osman Zati Koral, mirliva 1926 # Ahmet Zeki Soydemir, mirliva 1927 # Nazif Kayacık, mirliva 1928 # Mehmet Hayri Tarhan, mirliva 1929 # Münip Özsoy, miralay 1921 # Veysel Özgür, miralay 1921 (empty<ref name="Tayyar"/>) # Mehmet Arif Örgüç, miralay 1921 # Şerif Yaçağaz, miralay 1921 (empty<ref name="Tayyar"/>) # Ethem Servet Boral, miralay 1921 (empty<ref name="Tayyar"/>) # Ahmet Nuri Öztekin, miralay 1921 (empty<ref name="Tayyar"/>) # Mehmet Nâzım Bey, ''şehit miralay'' 1921 # Hasan Mümtaz Çeçen, miralay 1921 # Reşat Çiğiltepe, miralay 1922 # İbrahim Çolak, miralay 1922 # Mehmet Hulusi Conk, miralay 1922 # Halit Akmansü, miralay 1922 # Mehmet Nuri Conker, miralay 1920 # Ahmet Fuat Bulca, miralay 1924 # Mahmut Nedim Hendek, kaymakam 1922

===Spouses of prime ministers=== * Rahşan Ecevit

==References== {{reflist}}

==External links== {{commons category|Turkish State Cemetery}} * [http://www.msb.gov.tr/birimler/perd/personel/devmez/DEVMEZMDBAS.htm State Cemetery official website] {{in lang|tr}}

Category:Cemeteries in Ankara State Cemetery Category:Museums in Ankara Category:National museums in Turkey Category:Military and war museums in Turkey Category:Turkish War of Independence Category:Military in Ankara Category:National cemeteries Category:Yenimahalle Category:1988 establishments in Turkey Category:Cemeteries established in the 1980s