{{for|the French economist and statesmen|Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, Baron de Laune}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}} {{Use British English|date=January 2017}}

'''Thorgaut''' or '''Turgot''' (c. 1050–1115) (sometimes, '''Thurgot''') was [[Archdeacon]] and [[Prior of Durham]], and [[Bishop of Saint Andrews]].<ref name=DNB>{{cite encyclopedia |first=Robert|last =Bartlett |authorlink=Robert Bartlett (historian)| publisher = Oxford University Press | encyclopedia= Oxford Dictionary of National Biography | title= Turgot (c.1050–1115), author and bishop of St Andrews| year = 2004 | url = http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/27831| accessdate= 25 August 2013|doi= 10.1093/ref:odnb/27831 | url-access= subscription}} {{ODNBsub}}</ref>

==Biography==

===Early life and prior at Durham=== Turgot came from the [[Kingdom of Lindsey|Lindsey]] in [[Lincolnshire]]. After the [[Norman Conquest]] he was held as a hostage, but escaped to Norway, where he taught [[psalmody]] to King [[Olaf III of Norway|Olaf III]]. In about 1074 he returned to England and became a clerk at [[Monkwearmouth–Jarrow Abbey|Jarrow monastery]]. He then became a monk at Wearmouth, and in 1087 he was appointed [[Prior (ecclesiastical)|prior]] of the monastery at Durham, from 1093 combining this with the [[Archdeacon|archdeaconry]] of Durham. He became close to the Scottish court and became in 1089 a close friend and spiritual adviser to [[Saint Margaret of Scotland]], wife of King [[Malcolm III of Scotland|Malcom III]] and a profoundly religious person.{{sfn|Green|2013|p=90}} After her death and between the years 1100 and 1107, Turgot wrote a [[Hagiography|vita]] of her life at the request of her daughter, [[Matilda of Scotland|Matilda]], wife of King [[Henry I of England]].<ref name=DNB/>

[[File:Durham MMB 02 Cathedral.jpg|thumb|The cathedral of Durham]] In 1093, he and Bishop [[William de St-Calais]] laid the foundation stone for what would later become [[Durham Cathedral]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/durham/vol2/pp86-103|publisher=British History|access-date=29 October 2019 |title=Houses of Benedictine monks}}</ref>

===Bishop of St Andrews and death=== In 1107, the Prior was elected as bishop to the [[Archdiocese of St Andrews|see of St Andrews]] which had been without a bishop since 1093.{{sfn|Green|2013|p=94}} Consecration was delayed by ecclesiastical disputes between York and St Andrews, and did not take place until 1 August 1109. According to [[Symeon of Durham]], he found that he could not exercise the office "worthily" as there was only a primitive [[reliquary]] church, no Benedictine monks to support him and conflicts between various factions he had to deal with, including the Scottish King [[Alexander I of Scotland|Alexander]], the Archbishop of York and the [[culdees]], a local Scottish monastic community. Alexander asked [[Pope Paschal II]] to advice Turgot on these matters and the pope sent Turgot two letters as well as a book of excerpts of [[Canon law of the Catholic Church|canon law]] to support him. Turgot, perhaps in response to these letters, proposed to go to Rome to speak directly with Pope Paschal II but Alexander prevented him from doing so.{{sfn|Green|2013|p=95}}

Tugot became ill in June 1115 and was allowed to return to Durham where he had begun his clerical life, where he died on 31 August 1115.<ref name=DNB/> Turgot's last words were from [[Psalm 76]] "His dwelling is in peace and his habitation in Sion" and he was buried in the [[chapter house]] of Durham next to the graves of other bishops.{{sfn|Green|2013|p=99}} His [[mortuary roll]], which may have been prepared by Symeon of Durham himself, circulated as far as the French counties of [[County of Anjou|Anjou]], [[County of Blois|Blois]], [[Touraine]] and [[County of Vermandois|Vermandois]].{{sfn|Green|2013|p=100}}

==Notes== {{reflist}}

==Further reading== *Dowden, John, ''The Bishops of Scotland'', ed. J. Maitland Thomson, (Glasgow, 1912), pp.&nbsp;1–3 *Dawson, Christopher, "Religion and the Rise of Western Culture", (Doubleday, 1950), pp.&nbsp;100 *{{cite book |last1=Green |first1=Lionel |editor1-last=Hopkins |editor1-first=Peter |title=Building St Cuthbert's Shrine Durham Cathedral and the Life of Prior Turgot |date=July 2013 |publisher=Sacristy Press |isbn=9781908381620}} *Veitch, Kenneth, "Replanting Paradise: Alexander I and the Reform of Religious Life in Scotland", in ''The Innes Review'', 52, (Autumn, 2001), pp.&nbsp;136–166 *{{cite web | title=The Life Of St Margaret, Queen Of Scotland | accessdate=14 March 2011 | url=http://mw.mcmaster.ca/scriptorium/margaret.html | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706185217/http://mw.mcmaster.ca/scriptorium/margaret.html | archivedate=6 July 2011 | df=dmy-all }} {{s-start}} {{s-rel}} {{succession box | before=[[Giric (bishop of the Scots)|Giric]] <br />or [[Cathróe (bishop of the Scots)|Cathróe]]| title= [[Bishop of St Andrews|Bishop of Cell Rígmonaid]]<br />'''(Saint Andrews) | years='''1107–1115| after=[[Eadmer]]}} {{s-end}}

{{s-start}} {{s-rel|ca}} {{succession box| before=[[Aldwin (prior)]] | title=[[Prior of Durham]] | years= 1087–1109 | after=Algar }} {{s-end}}

{{Bishops of St Andrews}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Turgot Of Durham}} [[Category:1050s births]] [[Category:1115 deaths]] [[Category:11th-century Scottish Roman Catholic bishops]] [[Category:12th-century Scottish Roman Catholic bishops]] [[Category:Bishops of St Andrews]] [[Category:Priors of Durham]] [[Category:Benedictine priors]] [[Category:12th-century Scottish writers]] [[Category:12th-century Scottish clergy]]