Turbonillinae

{{Short description|Subfamily of gastropods}} {{Automatic taxobox |taxon = Turbonillinae |image = Bouchetmella assimilis (MNHN-IM-2000-31996).jpeg |image_caption = Shell of ''Bouchetmella assimilis'' (holotype at MNHN, Paris) |authority = H. G. Bronn, 1849 |synonyms_ref = <ref name="WoRMS" /> |synonyms = * ''Anisocyclidae'' Van Aartsen, 1995 * ''Cingulinini'' Saurin, 1958· accepted, alternate representation * ''Eulimellini'' Saurin, 1958· accepted, alternate representation * ''Turbonillini'' Bronn, 1849· accepted, alternate representation |subdivision_ranks = Genera |subdivision = ''See text'' |display_parents= 3 }}

'''Turbonillinae''' is a subfamily of mostly minute parasitic sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.<ref name="Bouchet 2005">{{Bouchet 2005}}</ref><ref name="WoRMS">MolluscaBase (2018). Turbonillinae Bronn, 1849. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=225671 on 2018-08-09</ref>

This subfamily has been shown to be monophyletic<ref>[http://mollus.oxfordjournals.org/content/77/1/1.abstract Angela Dinapoli, Carmen Zinssmeister and Annette Klussmann-Kolb (2010), ''New insights into the phylogeny of the Pyramidellidae (Gastropoda)'', Journal of Molluscan Studies Volume 77, Issue 1 Pp. 1-7]</ref>

==Taxonomy== In the taxonomy of Schander, Van Aartsen & Corgan (1999)<ref name="Schander 1999"/> Turbonillinae is a part of the family '''Turbonillidae'''. *Family Turbonillidae Bronn, 1849 **Subfamily Turbonillinae Bronn, 1849 ** Subfamily Cingulininae Saurin, 1958 ** Subfamily Eulimellinae Saurin, 1958

According to Schander, Van Aartsen & Corgan (1999) there are 27 genera within the Turbonillinae.<ref name="Schander 1999">{{cite journal | author = Schander C., van Aartsen J. J. & Corgan J. C. | year = 1999 | title = Families and genera of the Pyramidelloidea (Mollusca: Gastropoda) | journal = Bollettino Malacologico | volume =34 | issue = 9–12 | pages = 145–166 }}</ref>

Turbonillinae has been one of eleven recognised subfamilies in the family Pyramidellidae (according to the taxonomy of Ponder & Lindberg, 1997).<ref>{{cite journal | author = Ponder W. F. & Lindberg D. R. | year = 1997 | title = Towards a phylogeny of gastropod molluscs: an analysis using morphological characters | journal = Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society | volume =119 | issue = 2 | pages = 88–265 | doi =10.1111/j.1096-3642.1997.tb00137.x | doi-access = free }}</ref>

In the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), this subfamily comprises the subfamilies Cingulininae and Eulimellinae, that have been downgraded to the rank of tribe.<ref name="Bouchet 2005"/> *Subfamily Turbonillinae Bronn, 1849 **Tribe Turbonillini Bronn, 1849 **Tribe Cingulinini Saurin, 1958 **Tribe Eulimellini Saurin, 1958

In 2010 the subfamily Turbonillinae has been recognized as monophyletic<ref>{{cite journal|last=Dinapoli|first=Angela |author2=Carmen Zinnsmeister |author3=Annette Klussmann-Kolb|title=New insights into the phylogeny of the Pyramidellidae (Gastropoda)|journal=Journal of Molluscan Studies|date=10 September 2010|volume=77|issue=1|pages=1–7|doi=10.1093/mollus/eyq027|url=http://mollus.oxfordjournals.org/content/77/1/1.abstract|access-date=2011-10-25|doi-access=|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

==Genera== Genera within the subfamily Turbonillinae include:<ref name="Schander 1999"/>

tribe Turbonillini * ''Turbonilla'' Risso, 1826 - type genus of the subfamily Turbonillinae * ''Asmunda'' Dall & Bartsch, 1904 * ''Bacteridiella'' Saurin, 1959 * ''Bartschella'' Iredale, 1916 * ''Bouchetmella'' Peñas & Rolán, 2016 * ''Careliopsis'' Mörch, 1875 * ''Cylindroturbonilla'' Nordsieck, 1972 * ''Ebalina'' Thiele, 1929 * ''Exesilla'' Laseron, 1959 * ''Gispyrella'' Laws, 1937 * ''Graciliturbonilla'' Nordsieck, 1972 * ''Houbrickia'' Wise, 1996 * ''Lancea'' Peace, 1868 * ''Magniturbonilla'' Nordsieck, 1972 * ''Mormula'' A. Adams, 1863 * ''Nisiturris'' Dall & Bartsch, 1906 * ''Paramormula'' Nomura, 1939 * ''Paraturbonilla'' Boettger, 1906 * ''Planpyrgiscus'' Laws, 1937 * ''Pselliogyra'' Dall & Bartsch, 1909 : synonym of ''Parthenina'' Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1883 * ''Puposyrnola'' Cossmann, 1921 * ''Pyrgiscilla'' Laws, 1937 * ''Pyrgiscus'' Philippi, 1841 * ''Pyrgolampros'' Sacco, 1892 * ''Pyrgolidium'' Monterosato, 1884 * ''Striarcana'' Laws, 1937 * ''Sulcoturbonilla'' Sacco, 1892 * ''Tereoturbonilla'' Eames, 1951 * ''Turbolidium'' Robba, 2013 * ''Zaphella'' Laseron, 1959: synonym of ''Asmunda'' Dall & Bartsch, 1904

tribe Cingulinini {{main|Cingulinini}}

tribe Eulimellini {{main|Eulimellini}}

tribe ? * ''Kleinella'' A. Adams, 1860<ref>WoRMS (2010). Kleinella. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=224515 on 2011-04-02</ref>

:Genera brought into synonymy: * ''Amamimormula'' Kuroda, 1928: synonym of ''Turbonilla'' Risso, 1826 * ''Baldra'' Dall & Bartsch, 1904: synonym of ''Turbonilla'' Risso, 1826

==Problematic genera within the family Turbonillinae== The following genera were difficult to place within the subfamily Turbonillinae (= Turbonillini + Cingulinini + Eulimellini):

* ''Atomiscala'' DeBoury, 1909 ** ''Atomiscala islandica'' Warén, 1989<ref>Gofas, S. (2010). ''Atomiscala islandica'' Warén, 1989. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=140896 on 2011-03-22</ref> * ''Hamarilla'' Eames & Wilkins, 1957 * ''Pseudographis'' Mifsud, 1998: synonym of ''Kejdonia'' Mifsud, 1999 * ''Rissopsetia'' Dell, 1956 ** ''Rissopsetia hummelincki'' Faber, 1984<ref>WoRMS (2010). ''Rissopsetia hummelincki'' Faber, 1984. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420476 on 2011-03-22</ref> ** ''Rissopsetia islandica'' Warén, 1989<ref>Gofas, S. (2010). ''Rissopsetia islandica'' Warén, 1989. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=141043 on 2011-03-22</ref>

The genus ''Ebala'' was previously placed in the Eulimellinae, but was then placed in the family Ebalidae, that is a synonym of Murchisonellidae.<ref name="Bouchet 2005"/>

==Distribution== This family is found worldwide.

==Shell description== The shell of these snails has a blunt, heterostrophic protoconch, which is pointed sideways. The shell of most species are rather high and slender.

The texture of these shells is usually ribbed sculptured in various forms and often also have more or less prominent spirals. Their color is mostly white, cream or yellowish, sometimes with red or brown lines.

The adult shell, the teleoconch is dextrally coiled, but the larval shells are sinistral. This results in a sinistrally coiled protoconch. The opening of the shell, the aperture is closed by a lid, a so called operculum.

==Life habits== The Turbonillinae are ectoparasites, feeding mainly on other molluscs and on annelid worms.

They do not have a radula. Instead their long proboscis is used to pierce the skin of its prey and suck up its fluids and soft tissues. The eyes on the grooved tentacles are situated toward the base of the tentacles. Between the head and the foot, a lobed process called the mentum (= thin projection) is visible.

These molluscs are hermaphrodites.

==References== {{Reflist}}

Category:Pyramidellidae Category:Taxa named by Heinrich Georg Bronn