{{short description|River in the Eastern United States}} {{Use American English|date=February 2025}} {{Infobox river | name = Tug Fork | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Tug Fork River - southeast of Matewan, West Virginia.jpg | image_size = 275 | image_caption = Tug Fork seen southeast of Matewan, West Virginia | map = Bigsandyrivermap.png | map_size = 300 | map_caption = Map of the Big Sandy River watershed, with its Levisa Fork (left) and Tug Fork (right) tributaries shown | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = 300 | pushpin_map_caption = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = United States | subdivision_type2 = State | subdivision_name2 = Kentucky, Virginia, West Virginia | subdivision_type3 = Counties | subdivision_name3 = McDowell WV, Buchanan VA, Pike KY, Mingo WV, Martin KY, Lawrence KY, Wayne WV | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|159|mi|km|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location = Kermit, West Virginia<ref name="USGS Discharge: Kermit, WV"> {{cite web | url = https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/uv?03214500 | title = USGS 03214500 TUG FORK AT KERMIT, WV | work = National Water Information System | accessdate = 2008-04-24 | publisher = U.S. Geological Survey }} </ref> | discharge1_min = {{convert|14|cuft/s|m3/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_avg = {{convert|1457|cuft/s|m3/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = {{convert|35400|cuft/s|m3/s|abbr=on}} <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES -->| source1 = Big Stone Ridge | source1_location = McDowell County, West Virginia | source1_coordinates = {{coord|37|16|38|N|81|26|06|W|display=inline}}<ref name="GNIS Tug Fork">{{cite gnis|id=1548311|name=Tug Fork|accessdate=2004-04-24}}</ref> | source1_elevation = {{convert|2604|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name="USGS Elevation: Tug Fork Source"> {{cite web |url = https://gisdata.usgs.gov/XMLWebServices/TNM_Elevation_Service.asmx/getElevation?X_Value=-81.435&Y_Value=37.277222&Elevation_Units=FEET&Source_Layer=-1&Elevation_Only=FALSE |title = Tug Fork Source |work = Elevation Query |accessdate = 2008-04-24 |publisher = U.S. Geological Survey }}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }} </ref> | mouth = Big Sandy River | mouth_location = Louisa, Kentucky | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|38|07|05|N|82|36|06|W|display=inline,title}}<ref name="GNIS Tug Fork" /> | mouth_elevation = {{convert|545|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name="GNIS Tug Fork" /> | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = Big Creek, Dry Fork, Panther Creek, Peter Creek, Pond Creek, Turkey Creek, Kentucky | tributaries_right = Elkhorn Creek, Mate Creek, Pigeon Creek, Marrowbone Creek, Jennie Creek, Aflex, Kentucky, Burnwell, Kentucky | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} The '''Tug Fork''' is a tributary of the Big Sandy River, {{convert|159|mi}} long,<ref name=NHD>U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. [http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/ The National Map], accessed June 13, 2011</ref> in southwestern West Virginia, southwestern Virginia, and eastern Kentucky in the United States. Via the Big Sandy and Ohio rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River.
It is also known as the '''Tug Fork River''' or the '''Tug River'''. The United States Board on Geographic Names settled on "Tug Fork" as the stream's official name in 1975.<ref name= "GNIS Tug Fork"/>
The Tug Fork rises in the Appalachian Mountains of extreme southwestern West Virginia, in southern McDowell County, near the Virginia state line. It flows in a meandering course through the mountains generally northwest, past Welch. Approximately {{convert|20|mi}} northwest of Welch, it briefly forms approximately {{convert|4|mi|0}} of the state line between West Virginia (northeast) and Virginia (southwest). For the remainder of its course it forms part of the boundary between West Virginia (east) and Kentucky (west), flowing northwest past Williamson, West Virginia. It joins the Levisa Fork at Louisa, Kentucky to form the Big Sandy.
The river flows through an especially remote mountainous region in its upper course. The river valley between Pike County, Kentucky and Mingo County, West Virginia was the scene of the infamous Hatfield–McCoy feud in the late 19th century.
Toponymist George R. Stewart writes about the origin of the name "Tug Fork". In 1756 a small army of Virginians and Cherokees conducted the Sandy Creek Expedition against the Shawnee. At one point they killed and ate two buffaloes and hung their hides on a tree. Later they returned and, being out of provisions, took the hides and cut them into thin strips called "tugs". These they roasted and ate.<ref name = "Pendleton">[https://books.google.com/books?id=KiQSAAAAYAAJ Pendleton, William Cecil, "Chapter V: The Sandy Expedition," in ''History of Tazewell County and Southwest Virginia: 1748-1920.'' W. C. Hill printing Company, 1920.]</ref>{{rp|218–223}} For this reason, the story goes, the stream was given the name "Tug." Stewart also points out another possible origin. Even if the story is true, the second explanation may have reinforced the name. In the Cherokee language "tugulu" refers to the forks of a stream, as in the Tugaloo River and other streams in former Cherokee lands named "tug".<ref>George R. Stewart. ''Names on the Land''. Houghton Mifflin Company: Boston (1967).</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Collins|first=Lewis|title=History of Kentucky|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F5FQAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA459|year=1877|page=459|publisher=Library Reprints, Incorporated |isbn=9780722249208 }}</ref>
==See also==
{{Portal|Kentucky|West Virginia}} *List of Kentucky rivers *List of Virginia rivers *List of West Virginia rivers *River borders of U.S. states *Martin County Sludge Spill
==References== <!--See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags--> {{reflist}}
==External links== {{commons category-inline}} *[http://genealogy.about.com/library/weekly/aa043000a.htm Hatfield-McCoy: Reunion of the Millennium] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919193923/http://genealogy.about.com/library/weekly/aa043000a.htm |date=2016-09-19 }}
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Category:Rivers of Kentucky Category:Rivers of Virginia Category:Rivers of West Virginia Category:Borders of West Virginia Category:Borders of Kentucky Category:Rivers of Wayne County, West Virginia Category:Rivers of Mingo County, West Virginia Category:Rivers of McDowell County, West Virginia Category:Landforms of Buchanan County, Virginia Category:Rivers of Pike County, Kentucky Category:Rivers of Martin County, Kentucky Category:Rivers of Lawrence County, Kentucky Category:Tug Fork