Tsuyama Domain

{{Short description|Administrative division in western Japan during the Edo period (1600-1871)}} {{Infobox former subdivision |_noautocat = |native_name = |conventional_long_name = Tsuyama Domain<br>{{lang|ja|津山藩}} |common_name = Tsuyama Domain |subdivision = Domain |image = Tsuyama Castle old potograph.jpg |image_caption = Tsuyama Castle in Tsuyama, Okayama before 1873 |nation = Japan |status_text = |government_type = |title_leader = ''Daimyō'' |leader1 = |year_leader1 = |leader2 = |year_leader2 =  |capital = Tsuyama Castle |coordinates = {{Coord|35|3|45.97|N|134|0|17.83|E|region:JP-33_scale:20000_source:jawiki|display=inline}} | membership_title1 = Province | membership1 = Mimasaka Province |political_subdiv = |today = Okayama Prefecture   |year_start = 1600 |year_end = 1871 |event_start = |date_start =  |event_end = Abolition of the han system |date_end =  |event1 = |date_event1 = |event2 = |date_event2 = |life_span = |era = Edo period |event_pre =  |date_pre = |event_post =  |date_post =  |image_border =  |image_coat = Mitsubaaoi.svg |symbol_type = ''Mon'' of the Echizen-Matsudaira clan |symbol = |image_map = |image_map_caption =  |stat_year1 =  |stat_area1 =  |stat_pop1 =  |footnotes =  }} {{image frame | width = 255 | content = {{Location map|Japan Okayama Prefecture#Japan |width = |float = |border = |caption = Location of Tsuyama Castle |alt = |relief = 1 |AlternativeMap= |overlay_image = |label = |label_size = |position = |background = |mark = |marksize = |coordinates= {{coord|35|3|45.97|N|134|0|17.83|E|region:JP-39_scale:10000}} }} }} right|thumb|270px|Matsudaira Naritami, 8th daimyo of Tsuyama right|thumb|270px|Kakuzankan, han school

{{nihongo|'''Tsuyama Domain'''|津山藩| Tsuyama-han}} was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, in what is now northern Okayama Prefecture. It controlled most of Mimasaka Province and was centered around Tsuyama Castle. It was ruled in its early history by a branch of the Mori clan, and later by a branch of the Matsudaira clan. Tsuyama Domain was dissolved in the abolition of the han system in 1871 and is now part of Okayama Prefecture.<ref name="Nakayama">{{cite book |last1=Nakayama |first1=Yoshiaki |title=江戸三百藩大全全藩藩主変遷表付 |date=2015 |publisher=Kosaido Publishing |isbn= 978-4331802946}}{{in lang|ja}}</ref><ref name="Nigi">{{cite book |last1=Nigi |first1=Kenichi |title=藩と城下町の事典―国別 |date=2004 |publisher=Tokyodo Printing |isbn=978-4490106510}}</ref><ref name="Papinot">{{cite book | last = Papinot | first = E| year = 1910| title = Historical and Geographic Dictionary of Japan | publisher = Tuttle (reprint) 1972 }}</ref>

==History== In 1600, after the Battle of Sekigahara, Mimasaka Province was ruled by Kobayakawa Hideaki, the ''daimyō'' of Okayama Domain. However, his domain was abolished due to attainder on his death without heir in 1602. In 1603, the Tokugawa shogunate appointed Mori Tadamasa, the son of Mori Yoshinari of Kawanakajima Domain in Shinano Province and the younger brother of Oda Nobunaga's page Mori Ranmaru, to the newly created Tsuyama Domain with a ''kokudaka'' of 186,000 ''koku''. He changed the name of the area, which was originally called {{nihongo|Tsuruyama|鶴山||}} to "Tsuyama", began construction of Tsuyama Castle in 1604 and completed the layout of his castle town by 1616. In 1697, his 5th generation successor Mori Sugutoshi went insane in Ise Province on his way to Edo to fulfill his ''sankin kōtai'' duties. The "madness" may have been an excuse, as Sugutoshi had been in charge of constructing dog kennels outside Edo as part of Shogun Tokugawa Tsunayoshi's highly unpopular and ridiculed law against cruelty to animal and Sugutoshi reportedly fell into a rage on hearing that a ''ronin'' had broken into the kennel, slaughtering many dogs, which had resulted in the shogunate ordering the execution of a number of his retainers for negligence.

The domain was reduced to 100,000 ''koku'', and transferred to a branch of the Echizen-Matsudaira clan whose ancestor was Yūki Hideyasu. In 1721, the second ''daimyō'', Matsudaira Asagoro died at the age of 11 without heir. The shogunate agreed to allow a younger son of the ''daimyō'' of Shirakawa Nitta Domain to be posthumously adopted to secure the succession, but the ''kokudaka'' of the domain was halved to 50,000 ''koku''. The prestige and also the ability of the domain to support its retainers was thus severely restricted, and the domain thereafter suffered from political and economic instability and frequent peasant uprisings. In 1765, the 5th ''daimyō'', Matsudaira Yasuchika, opened a han school, the Kakuzankan (鶴山館), which lasted into the early Meiji period. The domain managed to restore its status to 100,000 ''koku'' when the 7th ''daimyō'', Matsudaira Naritaka, adopted the 14th son of Shogun Tokugawa Ienari as his heir.Matsudaira Naritami was very active in the affairs of the Tokugawa family after 1868. Naritami was also known as Matsudaira Kakudō.<ref>Tamura, Tsuyoshi (1936). ''Art of the Landscape Garden in Japan'', p. 178.</ref>

In the Bakumatsu period, the domain produced a number of doctors and ''rangaku'' scholars, including diplomat and legal scholar Tsuda Mamichi and future Prime Minister Hiranuma Kiichiro. In 1871, the domain became Tsuyama Prefecture due to the abolition of the han system. It was later incorporated into Okayama Prefecture via Hōjō Prefecture.

==Holdings at the end of the Edo period== As with most domains in the han system, Tsuyama Domain consisted of several discontinuous territories calculated to provide the assigned ''kokudaka'', based on periodic cadastral surveys and projected agricultural yields, g.<ref>Mass, Jeffrey P. and William B. Hauser. (1987). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Hv99D510nHcC&pg=PA150&dq= ''The Bakufu in Japanese History,'' p. 150].</ref><ref>Elison, George and Bardwell L. Smith (1987). [https://books.google.com/books?id=T2_5_W7UFXwC&pg=PA18&dq= ''Warlords, Artists, & Commoners: Japan in the Sixteenth Century,'' p. 18].</ref>

*Mimasaka Province **22 villages in Higashinanjō District **3 villages in Aida District **7 villages in Yoshino District **45 villages in Shōnan District **10 villages in Katsuhoku District **26 villages in Nishisaijō District **25 villages in Nishihōjō District **25 villages in Tohokujō District **10 villages in Kumehōjō District **32 villages in Oba District

*Sanuki Province **6 villages in Shōzu District **3 villages in Aida District

In addition to the above, Tsuyama was in charge of administration of ''tenryō'' territories in Mimasaka: 7 villages in Tohokujō District, 27 villages in Oba District, and 32 villages in Saijō District.

== List of daimyō ==

:{| class=wikitable ! #||Name || Tenure || Courtesy title || Court Rank || ''kokudaka'' |- |colspan=6| 25px '''Mori clan,''' 1603-1697 (''Tozama'')<ref>Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906). ''Dictionnaire d’histoire et de géographie du Japon''; Papinot, (2003). [http://www.unterstein.net/Toyoashihara-no-Chiaki-Nagaioaki-no-Mitsuho-no-Kuni/NobiliaireJapon.pdf "Matsudaira (''Echizen-ke'')" at ''Nobiliare du Japon'', p. 26 <nowiki>[PDF 40 of 80]</nowiki>]; retrieved 2013-4-27.</ref> |- ||1||{{nihongo|Mori Tadamasa|森忠政}}||1603 - 1634||''Sakon'e-gon-chūjō'' (左近衛権中将)|| Junior 4th Rank, Upper Grade (従四位上)||186,500 ''koku'' |- ||2||{{nihongo|Mori Nagatsugu|森長継}}||1634 - 1674||''Dainaiki'' (大内記)|| Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下)||186,500 ''koku'' |- ||3||{{nihongo|Mori Nagatake|森長武}}||1674 - 1686||''Hoki-no-kami'' (伯耆守)|| Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下)||186,500 ''koku'' |- ||4||{{nihongo|Mori Naganari|森長成}}||1686 - 1697||''Mimasaka-no-kami'' (美作守); ''Jijū'' (侍従)|| Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下)||186,500 ''koku'' |- ||5||{{nihongo|Mori Atsutoshi|森衆利}}||1697 - 1697||-none-|| -none-||186,500 ''koku'' |-

|colspan=6| 25px '''Echizen-Matsudaira clan,''' 1698-1871 (''Shinpan'')<ref>Rein, Johannes (1884). ''Japan: Travels and Researches Undertaken at the Cost of the Prussian Government,'' p. 505.</ref><ref>Papinot, (2003). [http://www.unterstein.net/Toyoashihara-no-Chiaki-Nagaioaki-no-Mitsuho-no-Kuni/NobiliaireJapon.pdf "Matsudaira (''Echizen-ke'')" at ''Nobiliare du Japon'', p. 30 <nowiki>[PDF 34 of 80]</nowiki>]; retrieved 2013-4-27.</ref> |- ||1||{{nihongo|Matsudaira Nobutomi|松平宣富}}||1698 - 1721||''Bizen-no-kami'' (備前守)|| Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下)||100,000 ''koku'' |- ||2||{{nihongo|Matsudaira Asagoro|松平浅五郎}}||1721 - 1726|| - none - || - none -|| 100,000 ''koku'' |- ||3||{{nihongo|Matsudaira Nagahiro|松平長煕}}||1726 - 1735||''Echigo-no-kami'' (越後守)|| Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下)||50,000 ''koku'' |- ||4||{{nihongo|Matsudaira Nagataka|松平長孝}}||1735 - 1762||''Echigo-no-kami'' (越後守); ''Jijū'' (侍従)|| Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下)||50,000 ''koku'' |- ||5||{{nihongo|Matsudaira Yasuchika|松平康哉}}||1762 - 1794||''Echigo-no-kami'' (越後守); ''Jijū'' (侍従)|| Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下)||50,000 ''koku'' |- ||6||{{nihongo|Matsudaira Yasuharu|松平康乂}}||1794 - 1805||''Echigo-no-kami'' (越後守)|| Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下)||50,000 ''koku'' |- ||7||{{nihongo|Matsudaira Naritaka|松平斉孝}}||1805 - 1831||''Sakon'e-chūjō'' (左近衛中将)|| Junior 4th Rank, Upper Grade (従四位上)||50,000 -> 100,000 ''koku'' |- ||8||{{nihongo|Matsudaira Naritami|松平斉民}}||1831 - 1855||''Echigo-no-kami'' (越後守); ''Sakon'e-no-chūshō'' (左近衛中将)|| Senior 4th Rank, Upper Grade (正四位上)||100,000 ''koku'' |- ||9||{{nihongo|Matsudaira Yoshitomo|松平慶倫}}||1855 - 1871||''Echigo-no-kami'' (越後守); ''Sakon'e-no-chūshō'' (左近衛中将)|| Senior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (正四位下)||100,000 ''koku'' |- |- |}

===Simplified genealogy (Matsudaira)=== {{Tree list}} *20px '''Tokugawa Ieyasu, 1st Tokugawa ''shōgun''''' (1543–1616; r. 1603–1605) **Yūki (Matsudaira) Hideyasu, 1st ''daimyō'' of Fukui (1574–1607) ***Naomoto, Lord of Himeji (1604–1648) ****{{Tree list/final branch}} Naonori, ''daimyō'' of Shirakawa (1642–1695) *****15px '''I. Nobutomi, 1st ''daimyō'' of Tsuyama (cr. 1698)''' (1680–1721; ''daimyō'' of Tsuyama: 1698–1721) ******{{Tree list/final branch}} 15px '''II. Asagorō, 2nd ''daimyō'' of Tsuyama''' (1716–1726; r. 1721–1726) *****{{Tree list/final branch}} Chikakiyo, ''daimyō'' of Shirakawa (1682–1721) ******{{Tree list/final branch}} 15px '''III. Nagahiro, 3rd ''daimyō'' of Tsuyama''' (1720–1735; r. 1726–1735) ***{{Tree list/final branch}} Naomasa, 1st ''daimyō'' of Matsue (1601–1666) ****{{Tree list/final branch}} Chikayoshi, 1st ''daimyō'' of Hirose (1632–1717) *****{{Tree list/final branch}} Chikatoki, 2nd ''daimyō'' of Hirose (1659–1702) ******{{Tree list/final branch}} Chikatomo, 3rd ''daimyō'' of Hirose (1681–1728) *******{{Tree list/final branch}} 15px '''IV. Nagataka, 4th ''daimyō'' of Tsuyama''' (1725–1762; r. 1735–1762) ********{{Tree list/final branch}} 15px '''V. Yasuchika, 5th ''daimyō'' of Tsuyama''' (1752–1794; r. 1762–1794) *********15px '''VI. Yasuharu, 6th ''daimyō'' of Tsuyama''' (1786–1805; r. 1794–1805) *********{{Tree list/final branch}} 15px '''VII. Naritaka, 7th ''daimyō'' of Tsuyama''' (1788–1838; r. 1805–1831) **********{{Tree list/final branch}} 15px '''IX. Yoshitomi, 9th ''daimyō'' of Tsuyama''' (1827–1871; Lord: 1855–1869; Governor: 1869–1871) **{{Tree list/final branch}} Tokugawa Yorinobu, 1st ''daimyō'' of Kishū (1602–1671) ***{{Tree list/final branch}} Tokugawa Mitsusada, 2nd ''daimyō'' of Kishū (1627–1705) ****{{Tree list/final branch}}20px '''Tokugawa Yoshimune, 8th Tokugawa ''shōgun''''' (1684–1751; 5th Lord of Kishū: 1705–1716; 8th Tokugawa ''shōgun'': 1716–1745) *****{{Tree list/final branch}} Tokugawa Munetada, 1st Hitotsubashi-Tokugawa family head (1721–1765) ******{{Tree list/final branch}} Tokugawa Harusada, 2nd Hitotsubashi-Tokugawa family head (1751–1827) *******{{Tree list/final branch}} 20px '''Tokugawa Ienari, 11th Tokugawa ''shōgun''''' (1773–1841; r. 1786–1837) ********{{Tree list/final branch}} 15px '''VIII. Matsudaira Naritami, 8th ''daimyō'' of Tsuyama''' (1814–1891; r. 1831–1855) {{Tree list/end}} <ref>[https://reichsarchiv.jp/%E5%AE%B6%E7%B3%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88/%E8%B6%8A%E5%89%8D%E6%9D%BE%E5%B9%B3%E6%B0%8F%EF%BC%88%E5%BE%A1%E5%AE%B6%E9%96%80%E3%83%BB%E7%BE%8E%E4%BD%9C%E6%B4%A5%E5%B1%B1%E8%97%A9%E5%AE%B6%E7%B3%BB%EF%BC%89 Genealogy (Echizen-Matsudaira) (jp)]</ref>

==See also== {{Commons category|Tsuyama Domain}} * Abolition of the han system * List of Han

== References == {{reflist}}

Category:Domains of Japan Category:History of Okayama Prefecture Category:Mimasaka Province Category:Chūgoku region Category:Matsudaira clan Category:1600 establishments in Japan Category:States and territories established in 1600 Category:1871 disestablishments in Japan Category:States and territories disestablished in 1871