{{Short description|1983 environmental treaty}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} The '''International Tropical Timber Agreement''' (ITTA), 1983) is an agreement to provide an effective framework for cooperation between tropical timber producers and consumers and to encourage the development of national policies aimed at sustainable utilization and conservation of tropical forests and their genetic resources. The International Tropical Timber Organization was established under this agreement, which first ''opened for signature'' on 18 November 1983, then ''Entered into force'' on 1 April 1985. There were subsequent treaties, with an increasing number of signatories, in 1994 (ITTA2) and 2006 (ITTA3).
ITTA2 (1994) was drafted to ensure that by the year 2000 exports of tropical timber originated from sustainably managed sources and to establish a fund to assist tropical timber producers in obtaining the resources necessary to reach this objective. It further defined the mandate of the International Tropical Timber Organization. The agreement was opened for signature on 26 January 1994, and entered into force on 1 January 1997.
ITTA3 (2006) aimed to "promote the expansion and diversification of international trade in tropical timber from sustainably managed and legally harvested forests and to promote the sustainable management of tropical timber producing forests".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.itto.int/direct/topics/topics_pdf_download/topics_id=1811&no=4&disp=inline|title=International Tropical Timber Agreement, 2006|date=1 February 2006|publisher=United Nations Conference on Trade and Development|access-date=19 February 2012}}</ref> It entered into force on 7 December 2011.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.itto.int/news_releases/id=2851|title=New accord for tropical forests enters into force|date=12 December 2011|publisher=The International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO)|access-date=19 February 2012}}</ref>
==Parties== Thirty-two parties signed the 1983 agreement: Belgium, Brazil, Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, European Economic Community, Finland, France, Gabon, Federal Republic of Germany, Ghana, Greece, Honduras, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Liberia, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Netherlands, Norway, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%201393/volume-1393-I-23317-English.pdf|title=Multilateral: International Tropical Timber Agreement (with annexes). Concluded at Geneva on 18 November 1983.|journal=United Nations Treaty Series|volume=1393|id=No. 23317|pages=67-246|year=1985|access-date=8 November 2025}}</ref>
Sixty-two parties ultimately ratified the 1994 agreement:{{citation needed|date=November 2025}} Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Burma, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, People's Republic of China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, European Union, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Liberia, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Mexico, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela
{{citation needed span|As of October 2018, there are 74 parties to ITTA3. Nigeria and Paraguay have signed the agreement but have not ratified it.|date=November 2025}} Canada ratified the agreement in 2009, withdrew in 2013, and later rejoined in 2023.<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/natural-resources-canada/news/2023/12/canada-rejoins-the-international-tropical-timber-organization.html|title=Canada Rejoins the International Tropical Timber Organization|publisher=Government of Canada|date=9 December 2023|access-date=8 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/pages/viewdetails.aspx?src=treaty&mtdsg_no=xix-46&chapter=19&clang=_en|title= 46. International Tropical Timber Agreement, 2006|website=United Nations Treaty Collection|access-date=8 November 2025}}</ref>{{rp|End Note 1}}
==References== {{Reflist}} {{CIA World Factbook|year=2003}}
== External links == *[https://www.itto.int/ International Tropical Timber Organization] *[http://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XIX-39&chapter=19&lang=en Ratifications] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408220546/https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XIX-39&chapter=19&lang=en |date=8 April 2014 }}. *[http://www.itto.int/direct/topics/topics_pdf_download/topics_id=1811&no=4&disp=inline Text of the Agreement]
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