{{Infobox river | name = Trombetas River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Oriximina.jpg | image_size = 300 | image_caption = The city of Oriximiná on the banks of the Trombetas near its confluence with the Amazon | map = | map_size = 300 | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Amazon river watershed | pushpin_map_size = 300 | pushpin_map_caption= Location of the mouth of the Trombetas River in the Amazon river watershed <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = Brazil | subdivision_type2 = State | subdivision_name2 = Pará | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|760|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref name=fao>{{cite book |last1=Ziesler |first1=R. |last2=Ardizzone |first2=G.D. |title=The Inland waters of Latin America |year=1979 |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/ad770b/AD770B05.htm |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |isbn=92-5-000780-9 |chapter=Amazon River System |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108152358/http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/ad770b/AD770B05.htm |archive-date=8 November 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg ={{convert|3437|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = confluence of Anamu River and Poana River (parts of Anamu sometimes included in the Trombetas on maps, in which case Poana is a right tributary) | source1_location = Pará, Brazil | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = Amazon River | mouth_location = Pará, Brazil | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|1|52|52|S|55|38|10|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|135238|km2|abbr=on}}<ref name="para30">[http://www.para30graus.pa.gov.br/hidrico2.htm Para-regionen] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202173921/http://www.para30graus.pa.gov.br/hidrico2.htm |date=2014-12-02 }} – «Bacias Hidrográficas do Pará».</ref> | tributaries_left = Paru de Oeste River<br/>(Erepecuru River/Cuminá River) | tributaries_right = Mapuera River, Cachorro River | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} [[File:Lago Erepecu and Rio Trombetas, Brazil.jpg|thumb|300px|Lake Erepecu (below) runs parallel to, and is connected with, the lower Trombetas River. The unusual white colour is caused by sunglint on the water. Note: The photo is inverted. North is down, west is right]] The '''Trombetas''' is a large river on the northern side of the Amazon River.
==Course==
The Trombetas is {{convert|750|km|abbr=on}} long, and is navigable by 500 ton vessels for a stretch of {{convert|230|km|abbr=on}}. The Trombetas river gives birth to very many rivers, including the Anamu river. It is formed by the junction of the Poana and Anuma rivers on the border between Brazil and Guyana. Where it meets the Paraná de Sapucuá it takes the name of lower Trombetas, and reaches up to {{convert|1.8|km|abbr=on}} in width, with the stream divided by several long and narrow islands. It runs through the municipalities of Oriximiná, Terra Santa, Óbidos and Faro.{{sfn|Unidade de Conservação ... MMA}} The river basin has an area of about {{convert|133630|km2|abbr=on}}, with an intricate pattern of tributaries including the Poana, Anamu, Turuna, Inhabu, Mapuera and Paru de Oeste. In the Saracá-Taquera National Forest the main streams in the Trombetas basin are the Papagaio, Água Fria, Moura, Jamari, Ajará, Terra Preta and Saracá.{{sfn|Unidade de Conservação ... MMA}}
Its confluence with the Amazon is just west of the town of Óbidos, Pará in Brazil. Its sources is in the Guiana highlands, but its long course is frequently interrupted by violent currents, rocky barriers, and rapids. The inferior zone of the river, as far up as the first fall, the Porteira, has but little broken water and is low and swampy; but above the long series of cataracts and rapids the character and aspect of the valley completely change, and the climate is much better. The river is navigable for {{convert|135|mi|abbr=on}} above its mouth.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} The river reaches its highest levels in April and May, since the rainy season usually peaks in April.{{sfn|Unidade de Conservação ... MMA}}
==Region==
The river flows through the Uatuma-Trombetas moist forests ecoregion.<ref>{{citation |title=Northern South America: Northeastern Brazil, into southern Guyana and Suriname (NT0173)|publisher=WWF: World Wildlife Fund |last=Sears |first=Robin |url=http://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/nt0173|access-date=2017-03-31}}</ref> The river basin lies partly within the {{convert|4245819|ha}} Grão-Pará Ecological Station, the largest fully protected tropical forest conservation unit on the planet.<ref>{{citation|language=Portuguese|title=Estação Ecológica Grão-Pará|publisher=Ideflor-bio (Government of Pará)|url=http://ideflorbio.pa.gov.br/unidades-de-conservacao/regiao-administrativa-calha-norte-iii/estacao-ecologica-grao-para/|access-date=2016-05-12|archive-date=2020-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926143414/https://ideflorbio.pa.gov.br/unidades-de-conservacao/regiao-administrativa-calha-norte-iii/estacao-ecologica-grao-para/|url-status=dead}}</ref> South of the ecological station it flows through the {{convert|3172978|ha}} Trombetas State Forest from north to south.<ref>{{citation|ref={{harvid|FES do Trombetas – ISA}}|language=Portuguese |title=FES do Trombetas|publisher=ISA: Instituto Socioambiental |url=https://uc.socioambiental.org/es/uc/6782|access-date=2016-09-07}}</ref>
== See also == *Oriximiná Airport *Porto Trombetas Airport == References == {{Reflist}}
==Sources== {{Refbegin}} *{{EB1911|wstitle=Amazon |display=Amazon § ''The Trombetas'' |volume=1 |page=787}} *{{citation|ref={{harvid|Unidade de Conservação ... MMA}}|language=Portuguese |title=Unidade de Conservação: Floresta Nacional de Saracá-Taquera|publisher=MMA: Ministério do Meio Ambiente |url=http://sistemas.mma.gov.br/cnuc/index.php?ido=relatorioparametrizado.exibeRelatorio&relatorioPadrao=true&idUc=109|access-date=2016-06-01}} {{Refend}}
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Category:Tributaries of the Amazon River Category:Rivers of Pará
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