Triteleia

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}} {{Italic title}} {{Automatic taxobox |name = Triplet lilies |taxon = Triteleia |image = Triteleia laxa flower in bloom.jpg |image_caption = Ithuriel's spear (''Triteleia laxa'') |authority = Douglas ex Lindl. |synonyms_ref=<ref name=bobbiejoe>[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=289382 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]</ref> |synonyms = *''Hesperoscordium'' Lindl. *''Calliprora'' Lindl. *''Tulophos'' Raf. *''Scaduakintos'' Raf. *''Seubertia'' Kunth *''Veatchia'' Kellogg *''Themis'' Salisb. }}

'''''Triteleia''''' is a genus of monocotyledon flowering plants also known as '''triplet lilies'''. The 16 species are native to western North America, from British Columbia south to California and east to Wyoming and Arizona, with one species in northwestern Mexico. However, they are most common in California.<ref name=bobbiejoe/><ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=133818 Flora of North America, ''Triteleia'' Douglas ex Lindley, Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 15: under plate 1293. 1830. ]</ref><ref>[http://bonap.net/NAPA/TaxonMaps/Genus/County/Triteleia Biota of North America Program, 2013 county distribution maps, species of Triteleia]</ref> They are perennial plants growing from a fibrous corm roughly spherical in shape. They get their name from the fact that all parts of their flowers come in threes.

==Taxonomy and systematics== The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group's 2009 revision placed the genus in family Asparagaceae, subfamily Brodiaeoideae<ref>{{citation |last=Stevens |first=P.F. |title=Angiosperm Phylogeny Website: Asparagales: Brodiaeoideae |url=http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/orders/asparagalesweb.htm#Themidaceae }}</ref> (having previously placed treated Brodiaeoideae as a separate family Themidaceae). Other modern authors place it in the family Alliaceae.{{citation needed|date=December 2015}} Both these families are in the order Asparagales.

There are currently 16 recognized species in ''Triteleia''. One species, ''Triteleia ixioides'', has five well-defined subspecies. Varieties and subspecies have been proposed within several other ''Triteleia'' species, but these are no longer widely accepted. Some common species that are now placed in genus ''Triteleia'' were formerly placed in genus ''Brodiaea'', and as a consequence the word "brodiaea" has been incorporated into some of their common names.

[[File:Triteleia ixioides scabra 2.jpg|thumb|right|''Triteleia ixioides'' ssp. ''scabra'' flower]]

{| class="wikitable" |- ! Image !! Scientific name !! Common name!! Distribution |- | ||''Triteleia bridgesii'' || Bridges' brodiaea || on serpentine soils below {{cvt|1200|m|ft}} in northern Sierra Nevada foothills and Klamath Range of northwestern California and southwestern Oregon |- |120px ||''Triteleia clementina'' || San Clemente Island triteleia || endemic to San Clemente Island, the southernmost of the Channel Islands of California |- |120px ||''Triteleia crocea'' || Yellow triteleia || on serpentine soils at elevations of {{cvt|650|-|2200|m|ft}} in the Klamath Range of northern California and southwestern Oregon |- |120px ||''Triteleia dudleyi'' || Dudley's triteleia || at elevations of {{cvt|1200|-|3500|m|ft}} in the Sierra Nevada from Mono County southwards; possibly also in the San Gabriel Range of Los Angeles County |- |120px ||''Triteleia grandiflora'' || large-flowered triteleia, Howell's triteleia, wild hyacinth || at elevations of {{cvt|100|-|3000|m|ft}} in southern British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, extreme northern California; isolated population in southwestern Colorado |- | ||''Triteleia guadalupensis'' || jacinto del desierto || endemic to Guadalupe Island off the west coast of Baja California |- |120px ||''Triteleia hendersonii'' || Henderson's triteleia || at elevations of {{cvt|100|-|3000|m|ft}} in southwestern Oregon and extreme northern California |- |120px ||''Triteleia hyacinthina'' || white triteleia, white brodiaea, hyacinth brodiaea, fool's onion || common below {{cvt|2000|m|ft}} in much of British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California; also western Nevada and northern Idaho |- |120px ||''Triteleia ixioides'' || prettyface, golden brodiaea || California north of the Transverse Ranges; the five subspecies have mostly separate distributions: |- |120px ||''Triteleia laxa'' || Ithuriel's spear, grassnut, wallybasket || common below {{cvt|1500|m|ft}} across from much of California; from the Tehachapi Mountains north along the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada and southern Cascade ranges, and in the Coast Ranges north from the Santa Lucia Mountains through the Bay Area to the Klamath Range as far as southwestern Oregon |- | ||''Triteleia lemmoniae'' || Oak Creek triplet lily, Lemmon's star || on the Mogollon Rim southeast of Flagstaff, Arizona, with an elevation range of {{cvt|980|-|2340|m|ft}} |- |120px ||''Triteleia lilacina'' || lilac prettyface || on volcanic hills and mesas at elevations of {{cvt|70|-|200|m|ft}} in the northern Sierra Nevada foothills of California |- |120px ||''Triteleia lugens'' || Coast Range triteleia || two populations in the Coast Ranges of California, one around Pinnacles National Park and the other around the Sonoma and Napa valleys, north of San Francisco; possibly a third population in the San Gabriel Range of Los Angeles County |- |120px ||''Triteleia montana'' || mountain triteleia || at elevations of {{cvt|1200|-|3000|m|ft}} in the central and northern Sierra Nevada and southern Cascade ranges of California |- |120px ||''Triteleia peduncularis'' || longray triplet lily, long-rayed Brodiaea || in wet grassland and near vernal streams and pools on serpentine soils below {{cvt|800|m|ft}} in coastal counties of northern California |- | ||''Triteleia piutensis'' || Piute Mountains triteleia || described in April 2014 from two populations in the Piute Mountains of the southern Sierra Nevada in Kern County, California, at elevations of {{cvt|1560|-|1680|m|ft}} |- |} *''Triteleia'' × ''versicolor'' – Pinto triplet lily – a sterile hybrid believed to be ''T. hyacinthina'' × ''T. ixioides'', recorded only from the type specimen collected in 1935 at Whaler's Knoll in Point Lobos State Park, Monterey County

A 2002 phylogenetic review of related genera found four clades within ''Triteleia'' that were all supported with 100 percent jackknife resampling values:{{sfn|Pires|Sytsma|2002|p=1351}} * ''Triteleia montana'' and ''Triteleia lemmoniae'' * ''Triteleia peduncularis'', ''Triteleia laxa'', and ''Triteleia bridgesii'' * ''Triteleia hyacinthina'' and ''Triteleia ixioides'' * ''Triteleia grandiflora'', ''Triteleia crocea'', and ''Triteleia hendersonii''

==References== {{Reflist}} *[http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?Triteleia Jepson treatment]

==Sources== {{Commons category|Triteleia}} * {{Cite journal |title=A Phylogenetic Evaluation of a Biosystematic Framework: ''Brodiaea'' and Related Petaloid Monocots (''Themidaceeae'') |last1=Pires |first1=J. Chris |last2=Sytsma |first2=Kenneth J. |date=August 2002 |pages=1342–1359 |journal=American Journal of Botany |volume=89 |issue=8 |doi=10.3732/ajb.89.8.1342 |pmid=21665737}}

Category:Triteleia Category:Asparagaceae genera