Třinec

{{short description|City in the Czech Republic}} {{redirect|Trzyniec|the village in Poland|Trzyniec, Pomeranian Voivodeship}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}} {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Třinec | other_name = {{lang|pl|Trzyniec}} | settlement_type = Statutory city  | image_skyline = Náměstí T. G. Masaryka v Třinci.jpg | image_caption = The square Náměstí T. G. Masaryka | image_flag = Trinec_vlajka.svg | image_shield = Coat of arms of Třinec.svg  | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{CZE}} | subdivision_type1 = Region | subdivision_name1 = Moravian-Silesian | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = Frýdek-Místek  | image_map = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Czech Republic | pushpin_relief = 1 | pushpin_map_caption = Location in the Czech Republic | coordinates = {{coord|49|40|40|N|18|40|22|E|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_footnotes =  | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Věra Palkovská  | established_title = First mentioned | established_date = 1444  | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 85.37  | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 306  | population_as_of = 2026-01-01 | population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Population in municipalities as at 1. 1.|url=https://data.csu.gov.cz/datastat/data/VYBER/OBY02AT02|work=DataStat|publisher=Czech Statistical Office|date=2026-05-18}}</ref> | population_total = 33523 | population_density_km2 = auto  | timezone1 = CET | utc_offset1 = +1 | timezone1_DST = CEST | utc_offset1_DST = +2  | postal_code_type = Postal codes | postal_code = 739 55, 739 61, 739 94 | area_code_type = | area_code =  | website = {{URL|https://www.trinecko.cz/}} | footnotes = }} '''Třinec''' ({{IPA|cs|ˈtr̝̊ɪnɛts|-|Trinec.ogg}}; {{langx|pl|Trzyniec}}, {{langx|de|Trzynietz}}) is a city in Frýdek-Místek District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 34,000 inhabitants, making it the least populated statutory city in the country. Třinec is located on the Olza River on the border with Poland and is an important cultural centre of the Polish minority in the Czech Republic.

Třinec was probably founded in the second half of the 14th century, but it only became a town in 1931 as a result of industrialisation and subsequent growth. The city is known for the Třinec Iron and Steel Works company – the only steel producer in the country, which has a major impact on the city's character and demographics.

==Administrative division== Třinec consists of 13 municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):<ref>{{cite web |title=Public Census 2021 – basic data|url=https://vdb.czso.cz/vdbvo2/faces/en/index.jsf?page=vystup-objekt-parametry&z=T&f=TABULKA&sp=A&skupId=4690&katalog=33475&pvo=SLD21043-CO|work=Public Database|publisher=Czech Statistical Office|language=cs|date=2022}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=12em}} *Dolní Líštná (3,597) *Guty (836) *Horní Líštná (400) *Kanada (1,044) *Karpentná (787) *Kojkovice (342) *Konská (1,635) *Lyžbice (14,467) *Nebory (1,848) *Oldřichovice (3,118) *Osůvky (446) *Staré Město (4,797) *Tyra (465) {{div col end}}

==Etymology== The name Třinec is of topographic origin, derived from the Slavic word for reed (Polish: ''trzcina'', Czech: ''třtina'').<ref>{{cite journal |last=Mrózek|first=Robert|title=Nazwy miejscowe dawnego Śląska Cieszyńskiego|journal=Topics in Phraseology|trans-title=Local names of former Cieszyn Silesia|publisher=University of Silesia in Katowice|year=1984|location=Katowice|page=177|language=pl|issn=0208-6336}}</ref>

==Geography== Třinec is located about {{convert|22|km}} east of Frýdek-Místek and {{convert|30|km|abbr=on}} southeast of Ostrava. It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia, on the border with Poland and also near the border with Slovakia, which is about {{convert|20|km|abbr=on}} of the city centre.

Třinec lies on the Olza River. The Tyra Stream flows across the municipal territory and joins the Olza in the city centre. The elevation of the built-up area is approximately {{convert|300|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level. The northern part of the municipal territory is located in the Moravian-Silesian Foothills. The southern, sparsely populated part is located in the Moravian-Silesian Beskids mountain range, which also lies within the Beskydy Protected Landscape Area. The municipal border runs along the peaks of several mountains, including Ostrý (with an elevation of {{convert|1044|m|ft}} the highest point in Třinec), Smrčina at {{convert|1015|m|ft|abbr=on}}, Šindelná at {{convert|1000|m|ft|abbr=on}}, and Javorový at {{convert|1032|m|ft|abbr=on}}.

===Climate=== Třinec has a humid continental climate (''Cfb'' in the Köppen climate classification). {{Weather box |location = Třinec |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan high C = -0.1 |Feb high C = 1.6 |Mar high C = 6.5 |Apr high C = 12.9 |May high C = 17.2 |Jun high C = 20.3 |Jul high C = 22.1 |Aug high C = 22.2 |Sep high C = 17.4 |Oct high C = 12.4 |Nov high C = 7.2 |Dec high C = 1.7 |year high C = |Jan mean C = -2.8 |Feb mean C = -1.6 |Mar mean C = 2.4 |Apr mean C = 8.2 |May mean C = 12.9 |Jun mean C = 16.4 |Jul mean C = 18.2 |Aug mean C = 17.9 |Sep mean C = 13.4 |Oct mean C = 8.8 |Nov mean C = 4.4 |Dec mean C = -0.7 |year mean C = |Jan low C = -5.9 |Feb low C = -5.1 |Mar low C = -1.8 |Apr low C = 2.9 |May low C = 7.9 |Jun low C = 11.6 |Jul low C = 13.6 |Aug low C = 13.2 |Sep low C = 9.3 |Oct low C = 5.4 |Nov low C = 1.6 |Dec low C = -3.2 |year low C = |Jan precipitation mm = 70 |Feb precipitation mm = 65 |Mar precipitation mm = 75 |Apr precipitation mm = 76 |May precipitation mm = 115 |Jun precipitation mm = 119 |Jul precipitation mm = 139 |Aug precipitation mm = 102 |Sep precipitation mm = 101 |Oct precipitation mm = 72 |Nov precipitation mm = 71 |Dec precipitation mm = 69 |year precipitation = |date=May 2021|source=https://en.climate-data.org/europe/czech-republic/trinec/trinec-44574/}}

==History== 220px|thumb|View of the city with the Moravian-Silesian Beskids in the background thumb|160px|Church of Saint Albert

The first written mention of Třinec is from 1444, but the village was probably founded already in the second half of the 14th century. Politically, the village then belonged to the Duchy of Teschen, a fee of the Kingdom of Bohemia, which after 1526 became part of the Habsburg monarchy. In 1770, the village had about 200 inhabitants and was completely agricultural.<ref>{{cite web |title=Třinec v datech: První zmínky o vsi Třinec 1444–1924|url=https://www.trinecko.cz/trinec-v-datech-prvni-zminky-o-vsi-trinec-1444-1924|publisher=City of Třinec|language=cs|access-date=2026-05-13}}</ref>

The area was rich in iron ore deposits and had sufficient water energy and a high supply of wood, which were the main reasons to establish an iron works there. The iron mill began operation in 1839, becoming the largest in the entire Cieszyn Silesia, and became a major milestone in the history of the village, which reoriented itself to industry. After the construction of the Košice–Bohumín Railway line in 1871, rapid development of the town took place.<ref name=history>{{cite web |title=Vesnice – město – statutární město|url=https://www.trinecko.cz/vesnice-mesto-statutarni-mesto|publisher=City of Třinec|language=cs|access-date=2026-05-13}}</ref>

After the revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire, a modern municipal division was introduced in the re-established Austrian Silesia. The village as a municipality was added to the political and legal district of Cieszyn. According to censuses conducted in 1880–1910, the population of the municipality grew from 1,792 in 1880 to 3,849 in 1910, with a majority being native Polish speakers (growing from 51.4% in 1880 to 96.6% in 1900 and 96% in 1910), accompanied by a German-speaking minority (at most 32.5% in 1880, then dropping to 12.2% in 1900, and up to 24.3% in 1910) and Czech speakers (peaking in 1890 at 17.4%, then dropping to 6.7% in 1910). In terms of religion, in 1910 the majority were Roman Catholics (63.2%), followed by Protestants (34.5%), and Jews (1.9%).<ref>{{cite book |last=Piątkowski|first=Kazimierz|title=Stosunki narodowościowe w Księstwie Cieszyńskiem|publisher=Macierz Szkolna Księstwa Cieszyńskiego|year=1918|location=Cieszyn|pages=265, 284|language=pl|url=http://obc.opole.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=1076}}</ref> The village was also traditionally inhabited by Cieszyn Vlachs, speaking the Cieszyn Silesian dialect.

After World War I, the fall of Austria-Hungary and the division of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920, it became a part of Czechoslovakia. In 1931, Třinec was promoted to a town.<ref name=history/>

Following the Munich Agreement in October 1938, together with the Trans-Olza region, it was annexed by Poland, administratively adjoined to Cieszyn County of the Silesian Voivodeship.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Ustawa z dnia 27 października 1938 r. o podziale administracyjnym i tymczasowej organizacji administracji na obszarze Ziem Odzyskanych Śląska Cieszyńskiego|journal=Dziennik Ustaw Śląskich|volume=18/1938, poz. 35|date=1938-10-31|publication-place=Katowice|url=http://www.sbc.org.pl/dlibra/plain-content?id=6949|access-date=2014-07-01|language=pl}}</ref> It was then annexed by Nazi Germany at the beginning of World War II. After the war, it was restored to Czechoslovakia.

In 1946, the municipalities of Lyžbice, Dolní Líštná, and Konská were joined to Třinec. Horní Líštná and Kojkovice were joined in 1959. In 1956–1977, a large housing estate was built in Lyžbice, and it became the most populated town part of Třinec. Afterwards, Lyžbice became a new downtown, taking the place of Staré Město ({{lit|old town}}).<ref>{{cite web |title=Územně analytické podklady ORP Třinec: Architektonické a urbanistické hodnoty – doplnění, 1. etapa|url=https://www.trinecko.cz/file/1745052|publisher=City of Třinec|pages=6–8, 51–52|language=cs|date=2018|access-date=2026-05-13}}</ref>

The municipalities of Guty, Karpentná, Nebory, Oldřichovice, Ropice, Tyra and Vendryně were joined to Třinec in 1980. However, Vendryně became an independent municipality in 1995 and Ropice followed in 2000.<ref>{{cite web |title=Třinec v datech: Město se rozrůstá 1960–1987|url=https://www.trinecko.cz/trinec-v-datech-mesto-se-rozrusta-1960-1987|publisher=City of Třinec|language=cs|access-date=2026-05-13}}</ref> In 2018, Třinec became a statutory city.<ref>{{cite web |last=Machálek|first=Tomáš|title=Třinec slaví, stal se statutárním městem|url=https://fm.denik.cz/zpravy_region/trinec-slavi-stal-se-statutarnim-mestem-20180820.html|work=Deník.cz|language=cs|date=2018-08-20|access-date=2022-01-12}}</ref>

==Demographics== Třinec is an important cultural centre of the Polish minority in Trans-Olza, which makes up 12.1% of the population (as of 2021).<ref>{{cite web |title=Population Census 2021: Population by selected ethnicity|url=https://vdb.czso.cz/vdbvo2/faces/en/index.jsf?page=vystup-objekt-parametry&z=T&f=TABULKA&sp=A&skupId=4293&katalog=33522&pvo=SLD210082-OB-OK&evo=v133_!_SLD21F1008-H2_1|work=Public database|publisher=Czech Statistical Office|date=2021-03-27}}</ref>

{{historical populations |align=none|cols=3 |1869|7484 |1880|9811 |1890|11201 |1900|13181 |1910|14187 |1921|16112 |1930|19466 |1950|21610 |1961|27660 |1970|36154 |1980|39750 |1991|40309 |2001|38953 |2011|36263 |2021|33782 |source=Censuses<ref>{{cite web |title=Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011|url=https://csu.gov.cz/produkty/historicky-lexikon-obci-1869-az-2015|publisher=Czech Statistical Office|language=cs|date=2015-12-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Population Census 2021: Population by sex|url=https://vdb.czso.cz/vdbvo2/faces/en/index.jsf?page=vystup-objekt-parametry&z=T&f=TABULKA&sp=A&skupId=4429&katalog=33515&pvo=SLD21001-OB-OK|work=Public Database|publisher=Czech Statistical Office|date=2021-03-27}}</ref>}}

==Economy== thumb|Třinec Iron and Steel Works

The Třinec Iron and Steel Works company is one of the most important and largest employers in the Czech Republic. After the collapse of the Ostrava ironworks in 2024, it remained the only steel producer in the country.<ref>{{cite web |last=Karban|first=Pavel|title=Krach ostravské huti je i pro nás špatnou zprávou, říká generální ředitel Třineckých železáren Roman Heide|url=https://www.novinky.cz/clanek/ekonomika-krach-ostravske-huti-je-i-pro-nas-spatnou-zpravou-rika-generalni-reditel-trineckych-zelezaren-roman-heide-40506902|work=Novinky.cz|language=cs|date=2025-01-31|access-date=2026-05-13}}</ref> Including smaller production plants outside Třinec, the company employs approximately 6,800 people (as of 2025).<ref>{{cite web |title=Zaměstnancům Třineckých železáren letos mzdy vzrostou|url=https://www.trz.cz/o-nas/tiskove-zpravy/2025-01-28-zamestnancum-trineckych-zelezaren-letos-mzdy-vzrostou/|publisher=Třinec Iron and Steel Works|language=cs|date=2025-01-28|access-date=2026-05-13}}</ref>

==Transport== [[File:Třinec evang. kostel 2010.JPG|170px|thumb|Evangelical church]] The I/68 road (connecting the D48 motorway with the Czech-Polish state border at Mosty u Jablunkova) runs through the city.

Třinec is located on the railway lines Opava–Návsí via Ostrava and Ostrava–Mosty u Jablunkova. The city is served by three train stations: ''Třinec (Trzyniec)'', ''Třinec centrum (Trzyniec centrum)'' and ''Třinec-Konská (Trzyniec-Konska)''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Station details Třinec (Trzyniec)|url=https://www.cd.cz/en/stanice/trinec--trzyniec-/34924|publisher=České dráhy|access-date=2026-05-13}}</ref>

==Culture== thumb|Replica of Church of Corpus Cristi

The year's biggest cultural event is ''Hutnický den'' ('Metallurgy Day'), which features numerous live performances from bands and artists from all over the country and abroad. It takes place every year in May, but was not held in 2020 and 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hutnický den|url=http://www.hutnickyden.cz/|work=Hutnický den|language=cs|access-date=2022-01-12}}</ref>

From 1993 to 2012, one of the oldest and most famous rock festivals in the Czech Republic, ''Noc plná hvězd'' ('star-studded night'), was held here every year.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rocková Noc plná hvězd po 20 letech skončí. Megakoncertem Nohavici|url=https://www.idnes.cz/ostrava/zpravy/rockova-noc-plna-hvezd-po-20-letech-skonci-megakoncertem-nohavici.A120103_1710150_ostrava-zpravy_sot|work=iDNES.cz|language=cs|date=2012-01-03|access-date=2022-01-12}}</ref>

==Sport== The city is represented by the successful ice hockey team HC Oceláři Třinec, which has been playing in the Czech Extraliga since 1995 and has won six times. Oceláři (Steelers) play their home games at Werk Arena, which opened in 2014 and has a seating capacity of 5,400.<ref>{{cite web |title=Základní informace|url=https://werkarena.cz/zakladni-informace/|publisher=Werk Arena|language=cs|access-date=2022-12-24}}</ref> The arena also hosted the Team Czech Republic at the 2016 Davis Cup World Group.

The city's football team, FK Třinec, plays in the Moravian-Silesian Football League (third tier of the Czech football system).

The floorball club FBC Třinec has been playing in the first tier of the women's competition since 2023 and in the third tier of the men's competition. The team plays its home games in the Sports Hall STARS Třinec.<ref>{{cite web |title=Úvod|url=https://www.fbctrinec.cz/|publisher=FBC Intevo Třinec|language=cs|access-date=2024-01-05}}</ref>

Třinec also has an athletics club, founded in 1951.<ref>{{cite web |title=Třinecký oddíl atletiky slavil sedmdesáté narozeniny|url=https://ehutnik.cz/sport/trinecky-oddil-atletiky-slavil-sedmdesate-narozeniny|work=eHutník|language=cs|date=2021-12-04|access-date=2022-01-12}}</ref> Sports that have a tradition in Třinec include orienteering, weightlifting, Greco-Roman wrestling, road cycling, and chess.<ref>{{cite web |title=Historie: Ve zkratce|url=https://www.trinecko.cz/ve-zkratce/d-25836/|publisher=City of Třinec|language=cs|access-date=2022-01-12}}</ref>

==Sights== Třinec is poor in monuments. The main historic landmark is the Church of Saint Albert, built in the 1880s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Areál kostela sv. Alberta|url=https://pamatkovykatalog.cz/areal-kostela-sv-alberta-12980398|publisher=National Heritage Institute|language=cs|access-date=2022-01-12}}</ref>

A notable building is the wooden Church of Corpus Cristi in Guty. The original church from the 16th century was destroyed by a deliberate fire in 2017. In 2021, a replica was completed on its site.<ref>{{cite web |title=Stavba repliky vyhořelého kostela v Gutech se chýlí ke konci. Zbývá doladit interiér|url=https://ct24.ceskatelevize.cz/moravskoslezskykraj/3287327-stavba-repliky-vyhoreleho-kostela-v-gutech-se-chyli-ke-konci-zbyva|publisher=Czech Television|language=cs|date=2021-03-23|access-date=2022-01-12}}</ref>

In 1969, Třinec Iron and Steel Works opened a company museum, which has been jointly operated with the city as the museum of both the company and the city since 1992.<ref>{{cite web |title=Historie|url=https://muzeumtz.cz/clanky/8/historie|publisher=Museum of Třinec Iron and Steel Works and the City of Třinec|language=cs|access-date=2022-01-12}}</ref>

==Notable people== {{div col|colwidth=30em}} *Jan Kubisz (1848–1920), Polish educator and poet *Józef Buzek (1873–1936), Polish statistician and politician *Jan Buzek (1874–1940), Polish physician and politician *Paweł Kubisz (1907–1968), Polish poet and writer *Adam Wawrosz (1913–1971), Polish poet and writer *Tadeusz Kraus (1932–2018), footballer *Stanisław Zahradnik (born 1932), historian *Eduard Ovčáček (born 1933), artist *Karol Daniel Kadłubiec (born 1937), Polish ethnographer *Michaela Dolinová (born 1964), actress and TV presenter *Petr Šiška (born 1965), TV presenter and musician *Petr Pravec (born 1967), astronomer *Roman Sikora (born 1970), playwright *Jana Cieslarová (born 1971), orienteer *Edvard Lasota (born 1971), footballer *Vojtěch Kučera (born 1975), poet *Czeslaw Walek (born 1975), lawyer and LGBT activist *Martin Staszko (born 1976), professional poker player *Lenka Cenková (born 1977), tennis player *David Szurman (born 1981), ice dancer *Lukáš Rakowski (born 1982), figure skater *Václav Svěrkoš (born 1983), footballer *Tomáš Klus (born 1986), musician *Soňa Pertlová (1988–2011), chess player *Ewa Farna (born 1993), Polish-Czech singer *Krystyna Pyszková (born 1999), model, Miss World 2023 *Adam Gawlas (born 2002), darts player {{div col end}}

==Twin towns – sister cities== {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in the Czech Republic}} Třinec is twinned with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Partnerská města|url=https://www.trinecko.cz/partnerska-mesta|publisher=City of Třinec|language=cs|access-date=2026-05-13}}</ref> *{{flagicon|POL}} Bielsko-Biała, Poland *{{flagicon|SVK}} Žilina, Slovakia

==References== {{reflist}}

==External links== {{commons category|Třinec}} *{{official|https://www.trinecko.cz/}}

{{Třinec}} {{Polish municipalities in the Czech Republic}} {{Frýdek-Místek District}} {{Cieszyn Silesia}} {{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Trinec}} Category:Třinec Category:Cities and towns in the Moravian-Silesian Region