{{Short description|Genus of ferns}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Trichomanes kaulfussii (Trichomanes lucens Hook & Grev).jpg | taxon = Trichomanes | authority = L. | type_species = ''Trichomanes scandens'' | type_species_authority = L. | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = See text | synonyms = {{Species list |Achomanes|Neck. |Bergera|W.Schaffn. ex Fée |Feea|Bory |Hemiphlebium|C.Presl |Holophlebium|Christ |Homoeotes|C.Presl |Hymenostachys|Bory |Lacostea|Bosch |Lecanium|C.Presl |Leptomanes|Prantl |Leucomanes|C.Presl |Maschalosorus|Bosch |Mortoniopteris|Pic.Serm. |Muelleria|W.Schaffn. ex E.Fourn. |Neuromanes|Trevis. |Neurophyllum|C.Presl |Odontomanes|C.Presl |Pteromanes|Pic.Serm. |Ptilophyllum|Bosch |Pyxidaria|Gled. |Ragatelus|C.Presl |Trigonophyllum|(Prantl) Pic.Serm. |Davalliopsis|Bosch |Trichomanes subgen. Davalliopsis|(Bosch) Ebihara & K.Iwats. }} |synonyms_ref = <ref name=CFLW/> }}
'''''Trichomanes''''' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed '''bristle ferns'''.<ref>{{PLANTS|id=TRICH5|taxon=Trichomanes|accessdate=12 Dec 2012}}</ref> The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are '''filmy ferns''', with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally necessitates a permanently humid habitat, and makes the fronds somewhat translucent. Because of this membrane-like frond tissue, the plant is prone to drying out. "Filmy ferns" in the taxa Hymenophyllaceae grow in constantly wet environments. Many are found in cloud forests such as "Choco" in Colombia. There are also members of the taxa that can grow submersed in water.
The name bristle fern refers to the small bristle that protrudes from the indusia of these ferns.
==Taxonomy== The genus ''Trichomanes'' was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753.<ref name=CFLW/> Its status, like other genera in the subfamily Trichomanoideae, remains disputed. The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) accepts the genus as one of eight in the subfamily Trichomanoideae, saying that there are about 60 species.<ref name=PPGI/> {{As of|2019|October}}, the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' listed about 70 species.<ref name=CFLW>{{Citation |mode=cs1 |last1=Hassler |first1=Michael |last2=Schmitt |first2=Bernd |date=August 2019 |contribution=Trichomanes |title=Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World |at=8.30 |url=https://worldplants.webarchiv.kit.edu/ferns/ |access-date=2020-06-25 |name-list-style=amp }}</ref> Other sources, including ''Plants of the World Online'' {{As of|lc=yes|2019|October}}, treated ''Trichomanes'' as the only genus in the subfamily Trichomanoideae, so that it included all the other genera, and had about 250 species.<ref name=POWO_325963-2/>
===Phylogeny===
{| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan=1 | Phylogeny of ''Trichomanes''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nitta |first1=Joel H. |last2=Schuettpelz |first2=Eric |last3=Ramírez-Barahona |first3=Santiago |last4=Iwasaki |first4=Wataru |display-authors=et al. |year=2022 |title=An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life |journal=Frontiers in Plant Science |volume=13 |issue= |article-number= 909768| doi=10.3389/fpls.2022.909768 |pmid= 36092417|pmc= 9449725|bibcode= |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1= |first1= |last2= |display-authors=et al. |year=2024 |title=Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL |url=https://fernphy.github.io/viewer.html |version=FTOL v1.7.0 (GenBank release 261) |access-date=1 May 2025}}</ref> ! colspan=1 | Unassigned species: |- | style="vertical-align:top| {{Clade |style=font-size:90%;line-height:80% |1={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |label1=(''Feea'') |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=''T. mougeotii'' <small>Bosch</small> |2=''T. trollii'' <small>Bergdolt</small> }} |2={{clade |1=''T. diversifrons'' <small>(Bory) Mett.</small> |2={{clade |1=''T. botryoides'' <small>Kaulf.</small> |2=''T. osmundoides'' <small>DC. ex Poir.</small> }} }} }} }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |label1=(''Afrotrichomanes'') |1={{clade |1=''T. guineense'' <small>Afzel. ex Swartz 1800</small> |2={{clade |1=''T. cupressoides'' <small>Desv.</small> |2={{clade |1=''T. boivinii'' <small>Bosch</small> |2=''T. madagascariense'' <small>(Bosch) Moore</small> }} }} }} }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |label1=(''Asiatrichomanes'') |1=''T. superbum'' <small>Backhouse ex Moore</small> }} |2={{clade |label1=(''Davalliopsis'') |1=''T. elegans'' <small>Rich.</small> |label2=(''Lacostea'') |2={{clade |1=''T. tanaicum'' <small>Hook.</small> |2={{clade |1=''T. pedicellatum'' <small>Desv.</small> |2={{clade |1=''T. ankersii'' <small>Parker</small> |2=''T. tuerckheimii'' <small>Christ</small> }} }} }} }} }} }} }} |2={{clade |label1=(''Trichomanes'') |1={{clade |1={{clade |label1=section |sublabel1=''Neuromanes'' |1={{clade |1=''T. hostmannianum'' <small>(Klotzsch) Kunze</small> |2={{clade |1=''T. pinnatum'' <small>Hedw.</small> |2=''T. vittaria'' <small>DC.</small> }} }} }} |2={{clade |1=''T. cellulosum'' <small>Klotzsch 1844</small> |2={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=''T. bicorne'' <small>Hook.</small> |2=''T. spruceanum'' <small>Hook.</small> }} |2={{clade |1=''T. arbuscula'' <small>Desv.</small> |2={{clade |1=''T. holopterum'' <small>Kunze</small> (Entire-winged bristle fern) |2=''T. roraimense'' <small>Jenman</small> }} }} }} |2={{clade |label1=section |sublabel1=''Trichomanes'' |1={{clade |1=''T. lucens'' <small>Sw.</small> |2={{clade |1=''T. trigonum'' <small>Desv.</small> |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=''T. alatum'' <small>Sw.</small> |2=''T. scandens'' <small>L.</small> }} |2={{clade |1=''T. anadromum'' <small>Rosenst.</small> |2=''T. polypodioides'' <small>L.</small> }} }} }} }} |label2=section |sublabel2=''Achomanes'' |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=''T. crispum'' <small>L.</small> |2=''T. martiusii'' <small>C.Presl</small> }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=''T. crinitum'' <small>Sw.</small> |2=''T. galeottii'' <small>E.Fourn.</small> }} |2={{clade |1=''T. robustum'' <small>E.Fourn.</small> |2={{clade |1=''T. crispiforme'' <small>Alston</small> |2={{clade |1=''T. vandenboschii'' <small>P.G.Windisch</small> |2={{clade |1=''T. accedens'' <small>C.Presl</small> |2={{clade |1=''T. egleri'' <small>P.G.Windisch</small> |2=''T. pilosum'' <small>Raddi</small> }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} | {{div col|style=font-size:90%;}} *''Trichomanes anomalum'' <small>Maxon & Morton</small> *''Trichomanes aureovestitum'' <small>Proctor</small> *''Trichomanes bancroftii'' <small>Hook. & Grev.</small> *''Trichomanes bissei'' <small>C.Sánchez</small> *''Trichomanes caliginum'' <small>Lellinger</small> *''Trichomanes crassipilis'' <small>Weath.</small> *''Trichomanes cristatum'' <small>Kaulf.</small> *''Trichomanes dactylites'' <small>Sodiro</small> *''Trichomanes delicatum'' <small>Bosch</small> *''Trichomanes ebiharae'' <small>Fraser-Jenk. & Kholia</small> *''Trichomanes guidoi'' <small>P.G.Windisch</small> *''Trichomanes humboldtii'' <small>(Bosch) Lellinger</small> *''Trichomanes jenmanii'' <small>Lellinger</small> *''Trichomanes kalbreyeri'' <small>Baker</small> *''Trichomanes killipii'' <small>Weath.</small> *''Trichomanes laciniosum'' <small>Alston</small> *''Trichomanes lozanoi'' <small>M.T.Murillo</small> *''Trichomanes ludovicianum'' <small>Rosenst.</small> *''Trichomanes macilentum'' <small>Bosch</small> *''Trichomanes micayense'' <small>Hieron.</small> *''Trichomanes murilloanum'' <small>A.Rojas</small> *''Trichomanes padronii'' <small>Proctor</small> *''Trichomanes paucisorum'' <small>R.C.Moran & B.Øllg.</small> *''Trichomanes pellucens'' <small>Kunze</small> *''Trichomanes pinnatifidum'' <small>Bosch</small> *''Trichomanes plumosum'' <small>Kunze</small> *''Trichomanes poeppigii'' <small>C.Presl</small> *''Trichomanes procerum'' <small>Fée</small> *''Trichomanes resinosum'' <small>R.C.Moran</small> *''Trichomanes ribae'' <small>Pacheco</small> *''Trichomanes sellowianum'' <small>C.Presl</small> *''Trichomanes steyermarkii'' <small>P.G.Windisch & A.R.Sm.</small> *''Trichomanes sublabiatum'' <small>Bosch</small> *''Trichomanes superbum'' <small>Bosch</small> *''Trichomanes trichopodium'' <small>A.Rojas</small> *''Trichomanes vaupesensis'' <small>Lellinger</small> {{div col end}} |}
Species formerly placed in this genus include: * ''Trichomanes angustatum'' <small>Carmich.</small> = ''Polyphlebium angustatum'' <small>(Carmich.) Ebihara & Dubuisson</small> * ''Trichomanes bauerianum'' {{small|Endl.}} = ''Callistopteris baueriana'' <small>(Endl.) Copel</small> – Bauer's bristle fern * ''Trichomanes boryanum'' {{small|Kunze 1840}} = ''Cephalomanes atrovirens'' {{small|C.Presl}} * ''Trichomanes boschianum'' {{small|Sturm ex Bosch}} = ''Vandenboschia boschiana'' <small>(J.W.Sturm ex Bosch) Ebihara & K.Iwats.</small> – Appalachian bristle fern * ''Trichomanes caudatum'' <small>Brack.</small> = ''Abrodictyum caudatum'' <small>(Brack.) Ebihara & K.Iwats.</small> * ''Trichomanes intricatum'' {{small|Farrar}} = ''Crepidomanes intricatum'' <small>(Farrar) Ebihara & Weakley</small> – Weft fern * ''Trichomanes melanopus'' {{small|Baker}} = ''Didymoglossum melanopus'' <small>(Baker) Copel.</small> * ''Trichomanes petersii'' {{small|A.Gray}} = ''Didymoglossum petersii'' <small>(A. Gray) Copel.</small> – Dwarf bristle fern * ''Trichomanes reniforme'' {{small|G.Forst}} = ''Hymenophyllum nephrophyllum'' <small>Ebihara & K. Iwats.</small> * ''Trichomanes speciosum'' {{small|Willd.}} = ''Vandenboschia speciosa'' <small>(Willd.) G. Kunkel</small> * ''Trichomanes tenuissimum'' {{small|Bosch}} = ''Polyphlebium tenuissimum'' <small>(Bosch) ''comb. ined.''</small> * ''Trichomanes venosum'' <small>R.Br.</small> = ''Polyphlebium venosum'' <small>(R.Br.) Copel.</small>
==References== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name=POWO_325963-2>{{citation |title=''Trichomanes'' L. |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:325963-2 |access-date=2019-10-06 }}</ref>
<ref name=PPGI>{{citation |mode=cs2 |author=PPG I |year=2016 |title=A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns |journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution |volume=54 |issue=6 |pages=563–603 |doi=10.1111/jse.12229|s2cid=39980610 |doi-access=free }}</ref> }}
{{Plant classification}} {{Fern classification}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q2704784}}
{{Polypodiidae-stub}}
Category:Hymenophyllales Category:Fern genera Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Category:Long stubs with short prose Category:Taxa described in 1753