{{Short description|Genus of lichen-forming fungi}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = | image_caption = | taxon = Tricharia | authority = [[Antoine Laurent Apollinaire Fée|Fée]] (1825)<ref name="Fée 1825"/> | type_species = ''[[Tricharia melanothrix]]'' | type_species_authority = Fée (1825) | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = | synonyms_ref = <ref name="Species Fungorum synonymy"/> | synonyms = *''Microxyphiomyces'' {{small|[[Bat.]], Valle & Peres (1961)}} *''Psathyromyces'' {{small|Bat. & Peres (1964)}} }}
'''''Tricharia''''' is a [[genus]] of [[lichen]]s in the family [[Gomphillaceae]]. It has an estimated 30 species.<ref name="Wijayawardene et al. 2020"/>
==Taxonomy== Recent [[molecular phylogenetics|molecular]] studies have shown that the long, carbon-black bristles (sterile {{lichengloss|setae}}) that once united many species under ''Tricharia'' evolved several times independently within the family. A two-gene [[phylogeny]] published in 2024 confirmed that the type [[lineage (evolution)|lineage]] of ''Tricharia'' (species with pale, thin-walled [[apothecia]]l rims) forms a well-supported [[clade]] distinct from three other "black-setae" groups that had been bundled together on the basis of bristle [[morphology (biology)|morphology]]. In particular, the Costa Rican species ''Tricharia paradoxa''—long treated as an odd member of the genus—was transferred to the monospecific genus ''[[Paratricharia]]'' and shown to be [[sister group|sister]] to ''[[Caleniopsis]]'' in the early-diverging ''Aulaxina'' clade, far removed from ''Tricharia'' in the strict sense. The same analysis placed the remaining black-setae [[taxon|taxa]] in the separate genera ''[[Microxyphiomyces]]'' and ''[[Santricharia]]'', confirming that bristles alone are a poor guide to deep relationships, whereas apothecial structure carries stronger phylogenetic signal.<ref name="Lücking et al. 2024"/>
A world-wide phylogeny released in 2025, which sampled more than 500 representatives of the [[Gomphillaceae]], corroborated this arrangement and predicted that ''Tricharia'' in the strict sense may harbour additional [[cryptic species]] yet to be recognised. That study divided the family into at least five major lineages—each dominated by leaf-dwelling taxa—and estimated that the true diversity of ''Tricharia'' could exceed the roughly 30 currently accepted species once unsequenced material from Africa and South-East Asia is examined.<ref name="Lebreton et al. 2025"/>
==Species== *''[[Tricharia atrocarpa]]'' {{au|Lücking & Sipman (2005)}}<ref name="Lücking et al. 2005"/> *''[[Tricharia aulaxiniformis]]'' {{au|Lücking & Kalb (2000)}}<ref name="Lücking & Kalb 2000"/> – Brazil *''[[Tricharia carnea]]'' {{au|(Müll.Arg.) R.Sant. (1952)}} *''[[Tricharia duotela]]'' {{au|W.B.Sanders & Lücking (2015)}}<ref name="Sanders & Lücking 2015"/> – [[Florida]] *''[[Tricharia floridensis]]'' {{au|Lücking & W.R.Buck (2007)}}<ref name="Lücking et al. 2007"/> *''[[Tricharia longispora]]'' {{au|Kalb & Vězda (1988)}} *''[[Tricharia membranula]]'' {{au|(Müll.Arg.) Lücking (1995)}} *''[[Tricharia nigriuncinata]]'' {{au|Yeshitela, Eb.Fisch., Killmann & Sérus. (2011)}}<ref name="Lumbsch et al. 2011"/> – East Africa *''[[Tricharia novoguineensis]]'' {{au|Sérus. (1984)}}<ref name="Sérusiaux 1984"/> – [[New Guinea]] *''[[Tricharia oaxacae]]'' {{au|Herrera-Camp. & Lücking (2003)}}<ref name="Herrera-Campos & Lücking 2003"/> – Mexico *''[[Tricharia ochroleuca]]'' {{au|(Sacc.) Boud. (1904)}} *''[[Tricharia paraguayensis]]'' {{au|(L.I.Ferraro & Lücking) Lücking (2008)}} *''[[Tricharia pseudosantessonii]]'' {{au|Lücking (1997)}}<ref name="Lücking 1997"/> – Costa Rica *''[[Tricharia quezelii Faurel]]'' {{au|& Schotter (1958)}} *''[[Tricharia sipmanii]]'' {{au|Lücking (2008)}} – [[Colombia]] *''[[Tricharia sublancicarpa]]'' {{au|Herrera-Camp. & Lücking (2002)}}<ref name="Herrera-Campos & Lücking 2002"/> – Mexico *''[[Tricharia subumbrosa]]'' {{au|Lücking & W.R.Buck (2007)}}<ref name="Lücking et al. 2007"/> – [[British Columbia]], Canada *''[[Tricharia triseptata]]'' {{au|R.Sant. (1952)}} *''[[Tricharia tuckerae]]'' {{au|Lücking & W.R.Buck (2007)}}<ref name="Lücking et al. 2007"/> – [[Louisiana]], USA *''[[Tricharia umbrosa]]'' {{au|Kalb & Vězda (1988)}} *''[[Tricharia urceolata]]'' {{au|(Müll.Arg.) R.Sant. (1952)}}
==References== <references>
<ref name="Fée 1825">{{cite book |title=Essai sur les cryptogames des écorces exotiques officinales |last1=Fée |first1=A.L.A. |year=1824 |publisher= |location= |pages=1–180 |language=French}}</ref>
<ref name="Herrera-Campos & Lücking 2002">{{cite journal |last1=Herrera-Campos |first1=M.A. |last2=Lücking |first2=R. |title=The Foliicolous Lichen Flora of Mexico. I. New Species from Los Tuxtlas Tropical Biology Station, Veracruz |journal=The Lichenologist |volume=34 |issue=3 |year=2002 |doi=10.1006/lich.2002.0397 |pages=211–222|bibcode=2002ThLic..34..211H }}</ref>
<ref name="Herrera-Campos & Lücking 2003">{{cite journal |last1=Herrera-Campos |first1=María De Los Angeles |last2=Lücking |first2=Robert |title=The foliicolous lichen flora of Mexico II. New species from the montane forest in Oaxaca and Puebla |journal=The Bryologist |volume=106 |issue=1 |year=2003 |doi=10.1639/0007-2745(2003)106[0001:TFLFOM]2.0.CO;2 |pages=1–8}}</ref>
<ref name="Lebreton et al. 2025">{{cite journal |last1=Lebreton |first1=Elise |last2=Ertz |first2=Damien |last3=Lücking |first3=Robert |last4=Aptroot |first4=Andre |last5=Carriconde |first5=Fabian |last6=Ah-Peng |first6=Claudine |last7=Huang |first7=Jen-Pan |last8=Chen |first8=Ko-Hsuan |last9=Stenger |first9=Pierre-Louis |last10=Cáceres |first10=Marcela Eugenia da Silva |last11=van den Boom |first11=Pieter |last12=Sérusiaux |first12=Emmanuël |last13=Magain |first13=Nicolas |title=Global phylogeny of the family Gomphillaceae (Ascomycota, Graphidales) sheds light on the origin, diversification and endemism in foliicolous lineages |journal=IMA Fungus |volume=16 |year=2025 |pmid=40052070 |pmc=11882023 |doi=10.3897/imafungus.16.144194 |doi-access=free |article-number=e144194}}</ref>
<ref name="Lücking 1997">{{cite book |last=Lücking |first=R. |year=1997 |chapter=Additions and corrections to the knowledge of the foliicolous lichen flora of Costa Rica |title=The family Gomphillaceae |series=Bibliotheca Lichenologica |volume=65 |page=87}}</ref>
<ref name="Lücking & Kalb 2000">{{cite journal |last1=Lücking |first1=R. |last2=Kalb |first2=K. |year=2000 |title=Foliikole Flechten aus Brasilien (vornehmlich Amazonien), inklusive einer Checkliste und Bemerkungen zu ''Coenogonium'' und ''Dimerella'' (Gyalectaceae) |journal=Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie |volume=122 |issue=1 |page=50 |language=de}}</ref>
<ref name="Lücking et al. 2005">{{cite journal |last1=Lücking |first1=Robert |last2=Sérusiaux |first2=Emmanuël |last3=Vězda |first3=Antonín |title=Phylogeny and systematics of the lichen family Gomphillaceae (Ostropales) inferred from cladistic analysis of phenotype data |journal=The Lichenologist |volume=37 |issue=2 |year=2005 |doi=10.1017/s0024282905014660 |pages=123–170 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/231785272}}</ref>
<ref name="Lücking et al. 2007">{{cite journal |last1=Lücking |first1=Robert |last2=Buck |first2=William R. |last3=Plata |first3=Eimy Rivas |title=The lichen family Gomphillaceae (Ostropales) in eastern North America, with notes on hyphophore development in ''Gomphillus'' and ''Gyalideopsis'' |journal=The Bryologist |volume=110 |issue=4 |year=2007 |doi=10.1639/0007-2745(2007)110[622:TLFGOI]2.0.CO;2 |pages=622–672}}</ref>
<ref name="Lücking et al. 2024">{{cite journal |last1=Lücking |first1=Robert |last2=Chaves-Chaves |first2=José Luis |last3=Moncada |first3=Bibiana |title=Apothecia trump setae: ''Paratricharia'' belongs in the ''Aulaxina'' clade and is distant from ''Tricharia'' (lichenized Ascomycota: Gomphillaceae) |journal=The Lichenologist |volume=56 |issue=6 |year=2024 |doi=10.1017/S0024282924000380 |pages=371–377|doi-access=free }}</ref>
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<ref name="Sanders & Lücking 2015">{{cite journal |last1=Sanders |first1=William B. |last2=Lücking |first2=Robert |title=Three new species of foliicolous Gomphillaceae (lichen-forming ascomycetes) from southern Florida |journal=The Bryologist |volume=118 |issue=2 |year=2015 |doi=10.1639/0007-2745-118.2.170 |pages=170–177}}</ref>
<ref name="Sérusiaux 1984">{{cite journal |last=Sérusiaux |first=E. |title=Three new species of ''Tricharia'' (Lichenes, Asterothyriaceae) from New Guinea |journal=Mycologia |volume=76 |issue=1 |year=1984 |doi=10.1080/00275514.1984.12023814 |pages=108–114 |jstor=3792841}}</ref>
<ref name="Species Fungorum synonymy">{{cite web |title=Synonymy: ''Tricharia'' Fée, Essai Crypt. Exot. (Paris): lxxxvii (1825) [1824] |url=http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/SynSpecies.asp?RecordID=5542 |publisher=[[Species Fungorum]] |access-date=16 October 2021}}</ref>
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</references>
{{Taxonbar|from=Q7840642}}
[[Category:Gomphillaceae]] [[Category:Lichen genera]] [[Category:Graphidales genera]] [[Category:Taxa named by Antoine Laurent Apollinaire Fée]] [[Category:Taxa described in 1825]]