Transplant engineering

'''Transplant engineering''' (or '''allograft engineering''') is a variant of genetic organ [[Genetic engineering|engineering]] which comprises [[allograft]], [[Autotransplantation|autograft]] and [[Xenotransplantation|xenograft]] engineering. In allograft engineering the graft is substantially modified by altering its genetic composition. The genetic modification can be permanent or transient. The aim of modifying the allograft is usually the mitigation of immunological [[Transplant rejection|graft rejection]].{{cn|date=February 2022}}

== History == Transient genetic allograft engineering has been pioneered by [[Shaf Keshavjee]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Cypel|first1=Marcelo|last2=Liu|first2=Mingyao|last3=Rubacha|first3=Matt|last4=Yeung|first4=Jonathan C.|last5=Hirayama|first5=Shin|last6=Anraku|first6=Masaki|last7=Sato|first7=Masaaki|last8=Medin|first8=Jeffrey|last9=Davidson|first9=Beverly L.|last10=Perrot|first10=Marc de|last11=Waddell|first11=Thomas K.|date=2009-10-28|title=Functional Repair of Human Donor Lungs by IL-10 Gene Therapy|url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.3000266|journal=Science Translational Medicine|language=en|volume=1|issue=4|pages=4ra9|doi=10.1126/scitranslmed.3000266|issn=1946-6234|pmid=20368171|s2cid=13366956|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Machuca|first1=Tiago N.|last2=Cypel|first2=Marcelo|last3=Bonato|first3=Riccardo|last4=Yeung|first4=Jonathan C.|last5=Chun|first5=Yi-Min|last6=Juvet|first6=Stephen|last7=Guan|first7=Zehong|last8=Hwang|first8=David M.|last9=Chen|first9=Manyin|last10=Saito|first10=Tomohito|last11=Harmantas|first11=Constantine|date=2017-09-01|title=Safety and Efficacy of Ex Vivo Donor Lung Adenoviral IL-10 Gene Therapy in a Large Animal Lung Transplant Survival Model|url=https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/hum.2016.070?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub=pubmed|journal=Human Gene Therapy|volume=28|issue=9|pages=757–765|doi=10.1089/hum.2016.070|pmid=28052693|issn=1043-0342|url-access=subscription}}</ref> and Marcelo Cypel at [[University Health Network]] in [[Toronto]] by [[Viral vector|adenoviral]] transduction for [[Transgene|transgenic]] expression of the [[Interleukin 10|IL-10]] gene. Permanent genetic allograft engineering has first been done by [[Rainer Blasczyk]] and Constanca Figueiredo at [[Hannover Medical School]] in [[Hanover]] by [[Viral vector|lentiviral]] transduction for knocking down [[Major histocompatibility complex|MHC]] expression in pigs (lung) <ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Figueiredo|first1=Constanca|last2=Carvalho Oliveira|first2=Marco|last3=Chen-Wacker|first3=Chen|last4=Jansson|first4=Katharina|last5=Höffler|first5=Klaus|last6=Yuzefovych|first6=Yuliia|last7=Pogozhykh|first7=Olena|last8=Jin|first8=Zhu|last9=Kühnel|first9=Mark|last10=Jonigk|first10=Danny|last11=Wiegmann|first11=Bettina|date=2019-04-04|title=Immunoengineering of the Vascular Endothelium to Silence MHC Expression During Normothermic Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion|url=https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/hum.2018.117|journal=Human Gene Therapy|volume=30|issue=4|pages=485–496|doi=10.1089/hum.2018.117|pmid=30261752|issn=1043-0342|url-access=subscription}}</ref> and rats (kidney).<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Yuzefovych|first1=Yuliia|last2=Valdivia|first2=Emilio|last3=Rong|first3=Song|last4=Hack|first4=Franziska|last5=Rother|first5=Tamina|last6=Schmitz|first6=Jessica|last7=Bräsen|first7=Jan Hinrich|last8=Wedekind|first8=Dirk|last9=Moers|first9=Cyril|last10=Wenzel|first10=Nadine|last11=Gueler|first11=Faikah|date=2020|title=Genetic Engineering of the Kidney to Permanently Silence MHC Transcripts During ex vivo Organ Perfusion|journal=Frontiers in Immunology|language=en|volume=11|page=265 |doi=10.3389/fimmu.2020.00265| pmc=7042208|issn=1664-3224|doi-access=free|pmid=32140158 }}</ref>

== References ==

[[Category:Genetic engineering]] [[Category:Transplantation medicine]]