TrES-2A

{{Short description|Main sequence star in the constellation Draco}} {{Starbox begin | name = [[Guide Star Catalog|GSC]] 03549-02811 }} {{Starbox image | image = [[Image:Kepler First Light Detail TrES-2.jpg|250px]] | caption = GSC 03549-02811 as seen from the [[Kepler Mission|Kepler]] spacecraft. [[celestial coordinates|Celestial north]] is to the left. }} {{Starbox observe 1s | epoch = J2000.0 | constell = [[Draco (constellation)|Draco]]<ref name="Roman1987"/> | component1 = TrES-2A | ra = {{RA|19|07|14.0376}}<ref name="GaiaDR3"/> | dec = {{DEC|+49|18|59.091}}<ref name="GaiaDR3"/> | appmag_v = 11.41<ref name="O'Donovan2006"/>  }} {{Starbox character | component1 = TrES-2A | type = [[main sequence]]<ref name="GaiaDR3"/> | class = G0V<ref name="O'Donovan2006"/> | appmag_1_passband = B | appmag_1 = ~12.030<ref name="SIMBAD" /> | appmag_2_passband = V | appmag_2 = {{val|11.411|0.005}}<ref name="SIMBAD" /> | appmag_3_passband = I | appmag_3 = 11.07<ref name="Daemgen2009"/> | appmag_4_passband = Z | appmag_4 = 11.04<ref name="Daemgen2009"/> | appmag_5_passband = J | appmag_5 = {{val|10.232|0.020}}<ref name="Skrutskie2006"/> | appmag_6_passband = H | appmag_6 = {{val|9.920|0.026}}<ref name="Skrutskie2006"/> | appmag_7_passband = K | appmag_7 = {{val|9.846|0.022}}<ref name="Skrutskie2006"/> | variable = [[Variable_star#Planetary_transits|Planetary transit]]<ref name="O'Donovan2006"/> | component2 = TrES-2C | class2 = K<ref name="Daemgen2009"/> | appmag_1_passband2 = I | appmag_1_2 = 14.73<ref name="Daemgen2009"/> | appmag_2_passband2 = Z | appmag_2_2 = 14.47<ref name="Daemgen2009"/> }} {{Starbox astrometry | radial_v = {{val|1.20|1.21}}<ref name="GaiaDR3"/> | prop_mo_ra = {{val|5.434|(15)}} | prop_mo_dec = {{val|1.572|(16)}} | pm_footnote = <ref name="GaiaDR3"/> | parallax = 4.6308 | p_error = 0.0116 | parallax_footnote = <ref name="GaiaDR3"/> | absmag_v = }} {{Starbox detail | source = <ref name="Bonomo2017"/> | component1 = TrES-2A | mass = {{val|0.983|0.059|0.063}} | radius = {{val|1.003|0.033}} | temperature = {{val|5850|50}} | metal_fe = {{val|−0.15|0.10}} | rotational_velocity = {{val|2.0|1.5}} | age_gyr = {{val|5.0|2.7|2.1}} | component2 = TrES-2C | mass2 = 0.67<ref name="Daemgen2009"/> }} {{Starbox catalog | names = {{odlist | name=TrES-2 Parent Star | 2MASS=J19071403+4918590 | GSC=03549-02811 | Kepler=1 | KIC=11446443 | KOI=1 | TIC=399860444 | TOI=2140 | TYC=3549-2811-1 | WDS=J19072+4919AB | V=V581 Dra }}<ref name="SIMBAD" /> }} {{Starbox reference | Simbad = Kepler-1 | sn = TrES-2A | Simbad2 = Kepler-1B | sn2 = TrES-2C | NSTED = TrES-2 }} {{Starbox end}}

'''GSC 03549-02811''' (sometimes referred to as '''Kepler-1''', or either '''TrES-2A''' or '''TrES-2 parent star''' in reference to its [[exoplanet]] [[TrES-2b]])<ref name="Mislis"/> is a [[binary star]] system containing a [[G-type main-sequence star|G-type]] [[main sequence|main-sequence]] [[star]] similar to the [[Sun]]. This star is located approximately 704 [[light-year]]s away in the [[constellation]] of [[Draco (constellation)|Draco]]. The [[apparent magnitude]] of this star is 11.41, which means it is not visible to the [[naked eye]] but can be seen with a medium-sized [[amateur telescope]] on a clear dark night. The age of this star is about 5 billion years.<ref name="SIMBAD">{{cite simbad | title =Kepler-1 | access-date=2009-04-22 }}</ref>

==Nomenclature== The designation GSC 03549-02811 comes from the [[Guide Star Catalog]].

The star is often called TrES-2,<ref name="NEA"/> in reference to its planet discovered by the [[Trans-Atlantic Exoplanet Survey]] (TrES). The discovery paper<ref name="O'Donovan2006"/> and the [[SIMBAD]] database<ref name="SIMBAD"/> use this designation for the planet itself, but other sources call the star TrES-2 (or TrES-2A)<ref name="Barclay2012"/> and the planet TrES-2b,<ref name="Winn2008"/> following the standard [[exoplanet naming convention]]. In keeping with the planet being component b, the companion star is designated TrES-2C, although it is also designated Kepler-1B.<ref name="SIMBAD"/>

The planet was also observed by the [[Kepler space telescope]], and so the star is also known as Kepler-1.<ref name="SIMBAD"/> Since the planet [[Astronomical transit|transits]] the star, the star is classified as a [[planetary transit variable]] and has received the [[variable star designation]] V581 Draconis.<ref name="GCVS"/>

==Binary star== In 2008 a study was undertaken of fourteen stars with exoplanets that were originally discovered using the [[Methods of detecting extrasolar planets#Transit method|transit method]] through relatively small telescopes. These systems were re-examined with the 2.2M [[reflector telescope]] at the [[Calar Alto Observatory]] in [[Spain]]. This star system, along with two others, was determined to be a previously unknown [[binary star]] system. The previously unknown secondary star is a dim [[apparent magnitude|magnitude]] 15 [[Stellar classification#Class K|K-type]] star separated by about 232 [[Astronomical unit|AU]] from the primary, appearing offset from the primary by about one arc second in the images. This discovery resulted in a significant recalculation of parameters for both the planet and the primary star.<ref name="Daemgen2009"/>

==Planetary system== [[File:TrES-2ALightCurve.png|thumb|left|A [[light curve]] for TrES-2A, plotted from ''[[Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite|TESS]]'' data<ref name=MAST/>]] In 2006, the exoplanet [[TrES-2b]] was discovered by the [[Trans-Atlantic Exoplanet Survey]] using the [[Methods of detecting extrasolar planets#Transit method|transit method]]. It was also within the [[Kepler Mission#Known extrasolar planets in Kepler.27s field of view|field of view]] of the [[Kepler Mission]] planet-hunter spacecraft.<ref name="O'Donovan2006"/> This system continues to be studied by other projects and the parameters are continuously improved.<ref name="impro"/> The planet orbits the primary star.<ref name="Daemgen2009"/>

TrES-2b is a [[hot Jupiter]], with a mass and size similar to those of [[Jupiter]] but an [[orbital period]] of only two days. Its orbit is [[Retrograde and prograde motion|prograde]] relative to its star's rotation.<ref name="Winn2008"/> In 2011, TrES-2b was found to have a very low [[albedo]], reflecting less than 1 percent of the light from its star, making it the darkest known exoplanet at the time. However, it also emits a significant amount of light because its surface temperature is so hot that it glows red.<ref name="Kipping2011"/> Due to its close orbit, it is assumed to be [[Tidal locking|tidally locked]] to its parent star.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/coal-black-alien-planet-darkest-ever-seen-220601419.html|title = Coal-Black Alien Planet is Darkest Ever Seen| date=11 August 2011 }}</ref>

{{OrbitboxPlanet begin | table_ref = <ref name="Raetz2014"/><ref name="Daemgen2009"/> }} {{OrbitboxPlanet | exoplanet = [[TrES-2b|b]] | mass = {{val|1.199|(52)}} | semimajor = {{val|0.03555|(75)}} | period = {{val|2.4706133738|(187)}} | eccentricity = 0 (assumed) | inclination = {{val|83.908|(9)}} | radius = {{val|1.189|(25)}} }} {{Orbitbox end}}

==The Kepler mission== {{main|Kepler space telescope}} [[File:329161main fullFFIHot300.png|thumb|left|An image from Kepler with TrES-2 and the star cluster [[NGC 6791]] outlined ([[celestial coordinates|celestial north]] is towards the lower left corner)]]

In March 2009, NASA launched the Kepler spacecraft. This spacecraft was a dedicated mission to discover extrasolar planets by the [[Methods of detecting extrasolar planets#Transit method|transit method]] from [[solar orbit]]. In April 2009 the project released the [[First light (astronomy)|first light]] images from the spacecraft, and TrES-2b was one of two objects highlighted in these images. Although TrES-2b was not the only known exoplanet in the field of view of this spacecraft, it was the only one identified in the first-light images. This object was important for calibration and check-out.<ref name="kepler">{{cite web | title=Kepler Eyes Cluster and Known Planet| url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/kepler/multimedia/images/fullFFIHot300.html| publisher=[[NASA]]| date=2009-04-16| access-date=2009-05-09}}</ref> {{clear left}}

==See also== * [[List of extrasolar planets]] {{clear}}

==References== {{Reflist|refs=

<ref name="Daemgen2009">{{cite journal | title=Binarity of transit host stars. Implications for planetary parameters | last1=Daemgen | first1=S. | last2=Hormuth | first2=F. | last3=Brandner | first3=W. | last4=Bergfors | first4=C. | last5=Janson | first5=M. | last6=Hippler | first6=S. | last7=Henning | first7=T. | display-authors=1 | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=498 | issue=2 | pages=567–574 | year=2009 | arxiv=0902.2179 | bibcode=2009A&A...498..567D | bibcode-access=free | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/200810988 | doi-access=free | s2cid=9893376 }}</ref>

<ref name="O'Donovan2006">{{cite journal | title=TrES-2: The First Transiting Planet in the Kepler Field | last1=O'Donovan | first1=Francis T. | last2=Charbonneau | first2=David | last3=Mandushev | first3=Georgi | last4=Dunham | first4=Edward W. | last5=Latham | first5=David W. | last6=Torres | first6=Guillermo | last7=Sozzetti | first7=Alessandro | last8=Brown | first8=Timothy M. | last9=Trauger | first9=John T. | last10=Belmonte | first10=Juan A. | last11=Rabus | first11=Markus | last12=Almenara | first12=José M. | last13=Alonso | first13=Roi | last14=Deeg | first14=Hans J. | last15=Esquerdo | first15=Gilbert A. | last16=Falco | first16=Emilio E. | last17=Hillenbrand | first17=Lynne A. | last18=Roussanova | first18=Anna | last19=Stefanik | first19=Robert P. | last20=Winn | first20=Joshua N. | display-authors=1 | journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters | volume=651 | issue=1 | pages=L61–L64 | year=2006 | arxiv=astro-ph/0609335 | bibcode=2006ApJ...651L..61O | bibcode-access=free | doi=10.1086/509123 | doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name=MAST>{{cite web |title=MAST: Barbara A. Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes |url=https://mast.stsci.edu/portal/Mashup/Clients/Mast/Portal.html |publisher=Space Telescope Science Institute |access-date=12 March 2025}}</ref>

<ref name="Raetz2014">{{cite journal | title=Transit timing of TrES-2: A combined analysis of ground- and space-based photometry | last1=Raetz | first1=St. | last2=Maciejewski | first2=G. | last3=Ginski | first3=Ch. | last4=Mugrauer | first4=M. | last5=Berndt | first5=A. | last6=Eisenbeiss | first6=T. | last7=Adam | first7=Ch. | last8=Raetz | first8=M. | last9=Roell | first9=T. | last10=Seeliger | first10=M. | last11=Marka | first11=C. | last12=Vaňko | first12=M. | last13=Bukowiecki | first13=L. | last14=Errmann | first14=R. | last15=Kitze | first15=M. | last16=Ohlert | first16=J. | last17=Pribulla | first17=T. | last18=Schmidt | first18=J. G. | last19=Sebastian | first19=D. | last20=Puchalski | first20=D. | last21=Tetzlaff | first21=N. | last22=Hohle | first22=M. M. | last23=Schmidt | first23=T. O. B. | last24=Neuhäuser | first24=R. | display-authors=1 | journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volume=444 | issue=2 | pages=1351–1368 | year=2014 | arxiv=1408.7022 | bibcode=2014MNRAS.444.1351R | bibcode-access=free | doi=10.1093/mnras/stu1505 | doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name="Roman1987">{{Cite constellation|GSC 03549-02811}}</ref>

<ref name="Skrutskie2006">{{cite journal | title=The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) | last1=Skrutskie | first1=Michael F. | last2=Cutri | first2=Roc M. | last3=Stiening | first3=Rae | last4=Weinberg | first4=Martin D. | last5=Schneider | first5=Stephen E. | last6=Carpenter | first6=John M. | last7=Beichman | first7=Charles A. | last8=Capps | first8=Richard W. | last9=Chester | first9=Thomas | last10=Elias | first10=Jonathan H. | last11=Huchra | first11=John P. | last12=Liebert | first12=James W. | last13=Lonsdale | first13=Carol J. | last14=Monet | first14=David G. | last15=Price | first15=Stephan | last16=Seitzer | first16=Patrick | last17=Jarrett | first17=Thomas H. | last18=Kirkpatrick | first18=J. Davy | last19=Gizis | first19=John E. | last20=Howard | first20=Elizabeth V. | last21=Evans | first21=Tracey E. | last22=Fowler | first22=John W. | last23=Fullmer | first23=Linda | last24=Hurt | first24=Robert L. | last25=Light | first25=Robert M. | last26=Kopan | first26=Eugene L. | last27=Marsh | first27=Kenneth A. | last28=McCallon | first28=Howard L. | last29=Tam | first29=Robert | last30=Van Dyk | first30=Schuyler D. | last31=Wheelock | first31=Sherry L. | display-authors=1 | journal=The Astronomical Journal | date=1 February 2006 | volume=131 | issue=2 | pages=1163–1183 | bibcode=2006AJ....131.1163S | bibcode-access=free | doi=10.1086/498708 | doi-access=free }} [http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=II/246/out&2MASS===19071403%2b4918590 Vizier catalog entry ]</ref>

<ref name="impro">{{cite journal | title=Improving Stellar and Planetary Parameters of Transiting Planet Systems: The Case of TrES-2 | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | author=Alessandro Sozzetti | date= August 1, 2007 | volume=664 | issue=2 | pages=1190–1198 | doi=10.1086/519214 | bibcode=2007ApJ...664.1190S|arxiv = 0704.2938 | last2=Torres | first2=Guillermo | last3=Charbonneau | first3=David | last4=Latham | first4=David W. | last5=Holman | first5=Matthew J. | last6=Winn | first6=Joshua N. | last7=Laird | first7=John B. | last8=o’Donovan | first8=Francis T. | s2cid=17078552 }}</ref>

<ref name="Winn2008">{{cite journal |last1=Winn |first1=Joshua N. |last2=Johnson |first2=John Asher |display-authors=etal |date=August 2008 |title=The Prograde Orbit of Exoplanet TrES-2b |journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal]] |volume=682 |issue=2 |pages=1283–1288 |doi=10.1086/589235 |arxiv=0804.2259 |bibcode=2008ApJ...682.1283W}}</ref>

<ref name="Mislis">{{cite journal |last1=Mislis |first1=D. |last2=Schröter |first2=S. |last3=Schmitt |first3=J. H. M. M. |last4=Cordes |first4=O. |last5=Reif |first5=K. |date=February 2010 |title=Multi-band transit observations of the TrES-2b exoplanet |journal=[[Astronomy and Astrophysics]] |volume=510 |issue= |pages=A107 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/200912910 |arxiv=0912.4428 |bibcode=2010A&A...510A.107M}}</ref>

<ref name="Kipping2011">{{cite journal |last1=Kipping |first1=David M. |last2=Spiegel |first2=David S. |date=October 2011 |title=Detection of visible light from the darkest world |journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters]] |volume=417 |issue=1 |pages=L88–L92 |doi=10.1111/j.1745-3933.2011.01127.x |doi-access=free |arxiv=1108.2297 |bibcode=2011MNRAS.417L..88K}}</ref>

<ref name="Barclay2012">{{cite journal |last1=Barclay |first1=Thomas |last2=Huber |first2=Daniel |display-authors=etal |date=December 2012 |title=Photometrically Derived Masses and Radii of the Planet and Star in the TrES-2 System |journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal]] |volume=761 |issue=1 |pages=53 |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/761/1/53 |arxiv=1210.4592 |bibcode=2012ApJ...761...53B}}</ref>

<ref name="Bonomo2017">{{cite journal |last1=Bonomo |first1=A. S. |last2=Desidera |first2=S. |display-authors=etal |date=June 2017 |title=The GAPS Programme with HARPS-N at TNG. XIV. Investigating giant planet migration history via improved eccentricity and mass determination for 231 transiting planets |journal=[[Astronomy & Astrophysics]] |volume=602 |issue= |pages=A107 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201629882 |arxiv=1704.00373 |bibcode=2017A&A...602A.107B}}</ref>

<ref name="NEA">{{cite Exoplanet Archive |TrES-2 |access-date=10 March 2025}}</ref>

<ref name="GCVS">{{cite web |title=V581 Dra |url=https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-S?V*%20V581%20Dra |work=[[General Catalog of Variable Stars]] - [[VizieR]] |access-date=10 March 2025}}</ref>

}}

==External links== * {{cite web | url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/kepler/multimedia/images/TrES2Hot300.html |title=Host to 'Hot Jupiter' (labeled) |access-date=2009-04-28 |work=multimedia/images |publisher=NASA |date= 2009-04-16}} * {{cite web | url=http://media4.obspm.fr/exoplanets/base/etoile.php?nom=TrES-2 | title=TrES-2 | work=Exoplanets | access-date=2009-04-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091125020320/http://media4.obspm.fr/exoplanets/base/etoile.php?nom=TrES-2 | archive-date=2009-11-25 | url-status=dead }} *{{KIC|11446443}}  {{Stars of Draco}}  {{Sky|19|07|14|+|49|18|59}}

[[Category:Draco (constellation)]] [[Category:Planetary transit variables]] [[Category:Planetary systems with one confirmed planet]] [[Category:G-type main-sequence stars]] [[Category:K-type main-sequence stars]] [[Category:Binary stars]] [[Category:Multi-star planetary systems|2]] [[Category:Kepler objects of interest|1]] [[Category:TESS Objects of Interest|2140]] [[Category:Objects with variable star designations|Draconis, V581]]