{{short description|Genoese coastal defence tower in Corsica}}
{{Infobox historic site |name=Tower of Mortella |native_name=Torre di Mortella |native_language=Corsican |image=Tour de la Mortella.jpg |caption= |designation1=Monument historique |designation1_date=1991 |designation1_partof= |designation1_number={{Mérimée|PA00099279|PA00099279}} |designation1_criteria= |designation1_type= |designation1_free1name= |designation1_free1value= |designation2= |designation2_date= |designation2_number= |designation2_offname= |location=Saint-Florent, Haute-Corse |built=1563-1564 |architect=Giovan Giacomo Paleari Fratino |coordinates = {{coord|42|42|54|N|9|15|25|E|type:landmark_region:FR|display=inline,title}} | locmapin=Corsica | map_relief = yes }}
The '''Tower of Mortella''' ({{langx|co|Torra di Mortella}}) is a ruined Genoese tower on Corsica, located on the coast near Punta Mortella (Myrtle Point) in the commune of Saint-Florent, Haute-Corse. It was a progenitor of the numerous Martello towers the British built in the 19th century throughout their empire.
==History==
The Italian architect Giovan Giacomo Paleari Fratino designed the Tour de Mortella and Colonel Giorgio Doria directed the construction between 1563 and 1564. It was one of a series of coastal defences constructed by the Republic of Genoa between 1530 and 1620 to repulse attacks by Barbary pirates.{{sfn|Graziani|2000|pp=115-117}}
On 7 February 1794, two British warships, {{HMS|Fortitude|1780|6}} (74 guns) and {{HMS|Juno|1780|6}} (32 guns), unsuccessfully attacked the tower at Mortella Point; the tower eventually fell to land-based forces under Major-General David Dundas and Lieutenant-General John Moore after two days of heavy fighting.{{sfn|Sutcliffe|1973|p=20}}
Late in the previous year, the tower's French defenders had abandoned the tower after {{HMS|Lowestoffe|1761|6}} (32 guns) had fired two broadsides at it. The French easily dislodged the garrison of Corsican patriots that had replaced them.{{sfn|Sutcliffe|1973|p=20}} Still, the British were impressed by the effectiveness of the tower when it was properly supplied and defended so they copied the design. However, they misspelled the name as "Martello" for "Mortella". When the British withdrew from Corsica in 1796, they blew up the tower and left it in an unusable state.{{sfn|Sutcliffe|1973|p=22}}
==Current status== The ruined tower was listed as one of the official Historical Monuments of France in 1991.<ref>{{Base Mérimée|PA00099279|Tour de la Mortella}}</ref> The database incorrectly gives the date of construction as 1553–1554. This earlier date is when Spanish and Genoese troops led by Admiral Andrea Doria besieged the French forces occupying the port of Saint-Florent after the Franco-Turkish invasion of the island.
Since 1980 the French government agency the ''Conservatoire du littoral'' has owned and maintained the site. The ''Conservatoire'' plans to purchase {{convert|6663|ha|acre}} of the surrounding coastline and {{As of|2017|lc=y}} had acquired {{convert|5935|ha|acre}}.<ref>{{cite report | title=Catalogue monuments historiques | chapter=Tour Genoise de la Mortella| page=42 | publisher=Conservatoire du Littoral, Ministère de l'écologie, du développement durable et de l'énergie, République Française | date=July 2011 | access-date=27 April 2015 | chapter-url=http://www.conservatoire-du-littoral.fr/include/viewFile.php?idtf=930&path=e7%2F930_116_Catalogue-Illustre-des-Monuments-HistoriquesB.pdf | language=French }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title=Agriate | url=http://www.conservatoire-du-littoral.fr/siteLittoral/42/28-agriate-2b_haute-corse.htm | publisher=Conservatoire du littoral, Ministère de l'écologie, du développement durable et de l'énergie | access-date=16 March 2017}}</ref>
{{multiple image | footer = Plan and elevation of the tower. The artist was probably a British army officer. c. 1794. | align = center | image1 = Mortella tower elevation PAD1621.jpg | width1 = 180 | image2 = Mortella tower plan PAD1622.jpg | width2 = 196 }}
==See also== {{div col|colwidth=200px}} *Martello Tower *List of Genoese towers in Corsica *Agriates Desert {{div col end}}
==Citations== {{reflist|30em}}
==References== *{{cite book | last=Graziani | first=Antoine-Marie | contribution=Les ouvrages de défense en Corse contre les Turcs (1530-1650) | editor1-last=Vergé-Franceschi | editor1-first=Michel | editor2-last=Graziani | editor2-first=Antoine-Marie | year=2000 | title= La guerre de course en Méditerranée (1515-1830) | publisher= Presses de l'Université Paris IV-Sorbonne | place=Paris | isbn= 2-84050-167-8 | pages=73–144 |language=French }} *{{cite book | last=Sutcliffe | first=Sheila | year=1973 | title=Martello Towers | publisher=Associated Universities Press | place=Cranbury, NJ | isbn=0-8386-1313-6 }}<!--https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=b062YixS9s8C -->
==External links== *{{cite web | title=Les Tours Génoises Corses | url=http://tour-genoise.fr/ | last1=Nivaggioni | first1=Mathieu | last2=Verges | first2=Jean-Marie | author2-link=:fr:Jean-Marie Vergès | language=French | access-date=2014-05-14 | archive-date=2015-12-11 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211121717/http://tour-genoise.fr/ | url-status=dead }} Information on how to reach 90 towers. Includes 1,261 photographs.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mortella, Torre di}} Category:Towers in Corsica Category:Monuments historiques of Corsica
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