{{Short description|Dutch-Javanese model (1908–1991)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}} {{Infobox person | name = Toto Koopman | image = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = Catharina Koopman | birth_date = 28 October 1908 | birth_place = Salatiga, Central Java, Dutch East Indies | death_date = 27 August 1991 (aged 82) | death_place = London, England | other_names = | occupation = Model | years_active = | known_for = | partner = Erica Brausen (1945–1991) }}
'''Catharina "Toto" Koopman''' (28 October 1908 – 27 August 1991) was a Dutch-Javanese model who worked in Paris prior to World War II. During that war she served as a spy for the Italian Resistance and was captured and held prisoner in the Ravensbrück concentration camp. She later helped establish the Hanover Gallery as one of the most influential art galleries in Europe in the 1950s.<ref name=huygens>Victor Laurentius, [https://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/KoopmanToto Koopman, Catharina], in: ''Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland'', 27 November 2017 (In Dutch)</ref>
==Early life and career== Born in Java in 1908, Koopman was the daughter of the Dutch cavalry officer Jan George Koopman and Catharina Johanna Westrik, of Dutch and Javanese descent.<ref name=huygens/> She was named Catharina, but came to prefer Toto, her childhood nickname after her father's favourite horse.<ref name="TotoTel">{{cite web |author=Nisha Lilia Diu|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/10277998/Toto-Koopman-model-muse-mistress-and-spy.html |title=Toto Koopman:model, muse, mistress - and spy |date=1 September 2013|accessdate=15 October 2014|work=The Telegraph}}</ref> Her only sibling, Henry, nicknamed Ody Koopman (1902–1949), became a successful tennis player.<ref name=huygens/> Koopman left Java in 1920 to attend a boarding school in the Netherlands where she developed a talent for languages and became fluent in English, French, German and Italian. After a year at an English finishing school, she moved to Paris to work as a model.<ref name="KBaker">{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/witw/articles/2013/09/03/tinker-tailor-model-spy-the-remarkable-life-of-toto-koopman.html#|title=Tinker, Tailor, Model, Spy |author=Kate Baker|publisher=The Daily Beast|date=9 March 2013 |accessdate=18 November 2014}}</ref>
In Paris, Koopman worked as a house model for Coco Chanel but quit after only six months. She worked for the designers Rochas, Mainbocher and Madeleine Vionnet, appeared regularly in ''Vogue Paris'' and was photographed by Edward Steichen and George Hoyningen-Huene.<ref name="KBaker"/><ref name="TotoWSJ">{{cite web |author=William Meyers |url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304314404576413582952673522?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424052702304314404576413582952673522.html |title=Revering Icons and Youthful Times |date=2 July 2011|accessdate=21 November 2014|work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref>
Koopman had a small part in the film ''The Private Life of Don Juan'' and although this was cut from the final production she still attended the film's premiere with Tallulah Bankhead, who introduced her to Lord Beaverbrook. Although Beaverbrook was thirty years her senior, he and Koopman began, in 1934, an affair that lasted some years. He was happy to pay for her travels throughout Europe in the 1930s and she often attended opera performances in Germany and Italy.<ref name="TotoTel"/> When Beaverbrook discovered that Koopman was also in a relationship with his son, Max Aitken, he ran a series of stories in the newspapers he owned, including the ''Daily Express'' and the ''London Evening Standard'', that made Koopman an outcast in London high-society. Koopman and the younger Aitken lived together for four years but he ended the relationship when she refused to marry him. In fact Koopman had signed an agreement with Beaverbrook which granted her a pension for life from him provided she did not marry his son.<ref name="TotoTel"/>
==World War II== Koopman left London in 1939 to live in Italy. There she began a relationship with a leader of the anti-Mussolini resistance. When World War II broke out, she agreed to use her contacts and language skills to spy for the Italian Resistance. She infiltrated meetings of the Black Shirts but was captured. After spells in prisons in Milan and Lazio she was sent to the Massa Martina detention camp but escaped and hid in the mountains around Perugia, where she worked with a local resistance group. She was recaptured, promptly escaped again, and made her way to Venice.<ref name="KBaker"/> There, in October 1944, Koopman was caught spying on high-ranking German officers in the Danieli Hotel and quickly deported to the Ravensbrück concentration camp. Very shortly before the camp was liberated in April 1945, the Nazi authorities released several hundred prisoners, including Koopman, to the care of the Red Cross in Sweden. A former boyfriend, Randolph Churchill went to Gothenburg and helped the emaciated Koopman obtain new clothes, a new passport and a wig for her shaved head.<ref name="KBaker"/>
==Later years and death== While recuperating in Ascona in 1945, Koopman met the art dealer Erica Brausen. The two became lovers and would remain together for the rest of their lives. Brausen was about to open her own commercial gallery in London, and the two women worked to get the Hanover Gallery established. In due course the Hanover became one of the most influential galleries in Europe, most notably by nurturing the early career of Francis Bacon.<ref name="TotoWWD"/> During the 1950s Koopman studied at the University of London and took part in several archaeological excavations.<ref name="TotoWWD">{{cite web |author=Lorna Koski|url=https://www.wwd.com/eye/lifestyle/model-toto-koopmans-story-rediscovered-in-new-tome-7100765|title=Model Turned Spy Toto Koopman's Story Rediscovered in New Tome |date=28 August 2013|accessdate=15 October 2014|work=Women's Wear Daily}}</ref> She made a donation of books to the Institute of Archaeology in London.<ref name=meheux>"The Institute of Archaeology Library 1937-1986: Collections, Communities and Networks", Katie Meheux, ''Archaeology International'', No. 18 (2015), pp. 67-83.</ref> In 1959 Koopman and Brausen bought a property on the island of Panarea where they built six villas amongst extensive gardens and entertained very lavishly. They continued to live together until Koopman's death in August 1991, eighteen months before Brausen's death.<ref name="TotoMuir">{{cite news |author=Robin Muir|url=https://www.ft.com/content/a69be8d4-c5ea-11df-b53e-00144feab49a |title=Vogue's earliest celebrity models |date=24 September 2010|accessdate=24 November 2014|work=FT Magazine}}</ref>
==References== {{Reflist}}
==Further reading== * Maryka Biaggio: ''The Model Spy'', Milford House Press, Mechanicsburg, PA, 2022, {{ISBN|978-1-62006-780-2}} * Jean-Noël Liaut: ''The Many Lives of Miss K'', Rizzoli Ex Libris, New York, 2013, {{ISBN|978-0-8478-4129-5}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Koopman, Toto}} Category:1908 births Category:1991 deaths Category:20th-century Dutch East Indies people Category:20th-century Dutch LGBTQ people Category:20th-century Indonesian LGBTQ people Category:Bisexual women models Category:Dutch bisexual women Category:Dutch female models Category:Female resistance members of World War II Category:Indonesian bisexual people Category:Indonesian emigrants to the United Kingdom Category:Indonesian female models Category:Indo people Category:Javanese people Category:People from Salatiga Category:Ravensbrück concentration camp survivors