Toronto subway

{{Short description|Rapid transit system in Ontario, Canada}} {{For|the font|Toronto Subway (typeface)}} {{Use Canadian English|date=December 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=December 2025}} {{Infobox public transit | box_width = 285px | name = Toronto subway | image = Logo of the Toronto Transit Commission.svg | imagesize = 150px | image2 = Toronto Rocket Train at Union station, April 3 2026 (01).jpg | imagesize2 = 275px | alt2 = A Toronto Rocket subway train at Osgoode station | caption2 = A Toronto Rocket train at Union station on Line 1 | owner = {{plainlist| * Toronto Transit Commission (Lines 1, 2 and 4) * Metrolinx (Lines 5 and 6) }} | locale = {{plainlist| * Toronto, Ontario * Vaughan, Ontario }} | transit_type = Rapid transit | lines = 5 (plus 1 under construction) | stations = 109 (plus 26 under construction)<ref name="TTC-2013-Stats" /><ref name="tysse">{{cite web |title=Toronto-York Spadina Subway Extension |url=https://www.ttc.ca/Spadina/index.jsp |website=TTC.ca |access-date=February 8, 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819013728/https://www.ttc.ca/Spadina/index.jsp |archivedate=August 19, 2021}}</ref> | ridership = {{formatnum: {{#expr: {{American transit ridership|ON Toronto TTC HR daily}} + {{American transit ridership|ON Toronto TTC IR daily}}}}}} ({{American transit ridership|dailydate}}){{American transit ridership|dailycitation}} | annual_ridership = {{formatnum: {{#expr: {{American transit ridership|ON Toronto TTC HR annual}} + {{American transit ridership|ON Toronto TTC IR annual}}}}}} ({{American transit ridership|annualdate}}){{American transit ridership|annualcitation}} | website = | began_operation = {{start date and age|1954|03|30}} | operator = Toronto Transit Commission | character = | vehicles = {{plainlist| * 830 heavy rail cars * 66 work cars }} | train_length = {{plainlist| * 6 cars (Lines 1 and 2) * 4 cars (Line 4) * 2 cars (Line 5) * 1 car (Line 6) }} | headway = {{plainlist| * 2 min 30 s – 5 min (Line 1) * 2 min 20 s – 6 min (Line 2) * 5 min 30 s (Line 4) * 4 min 4 s – 12 min 40 s (Line 5) * 6 min 32 s – 12 min 15 s (Line 6)<ref name="Service Summary">{{cite web|title=Service Summary: February 8 to March 14, 2026|url=https://cdn.ttc.ca/-/media/Project/TTC/DevProto/Documents/Home/Transparency-and-accountability/Service-Summary-2026-02-08.pdf?rev=1184f7d9eab345dbb208d43bee9dc8e0|publisher=Toronto Transit Commission|author=Service Planning and Scheduling Department|date=February 8, 2026|access-date=February 8, 2026|format=PDF}}</ref> }} | system_length = {{Convert|100.1|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref name="Service Summary" /><br />({{Convert|33.2|km|mi|abbr=on}} under construction)<ref>{{cite web |title=Eglinton Crosstown LRT |url=http://www.metrolinx.com/en/greaterregion/projects/crosstown.aspx |website=Metrolinx.com |access-date=January 28, 2018 |archive-date=May 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506153906/http://www.metrolinx.com/en/greaterregion/projects/crosstown.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Scarborough Subway Extension">{{cite web |url=https://www.metrolinx.com/en/projects-and-programs/scarborough-subway-extension|publisher=Metrolinx |title=Scarborough Subway Extension|date=January 2023|access-date=January 28, 2023}}</ref> | track_gauge = {{plainlist| * {{track gauge|toronto|allk=on|first=met}} (Lines 1, 2 and 4) * {{track gauge|sg|allk=on}} (Lines 5 and 6) }} | minimum_radius_of_curvature = | el = {{plainlist| * {{600 V DC|conductor=third rail}} (Lines 1, 2 and 4) * {{750 V DC|conductor=overhead}} (Lines 5 and 6) }} | top_speed =  | average_speed =  | map = {{switcher | {{maplink-road|from=Toronto subway.map}} | Show interactive map | 275px | Show static map | {{Toronto subway|inline=yes}} | Show route diagram }} | map_state = | area served = Greater Toronto | line_number = | start = | end = | chief_executive = | image3 = Line 5 Flexity Freedom LRT at Eglinton Station, February 8 2026.jpg | imagesize3 = 275px | alt3 = A Flexity Freedom light rail vehicle at Eglinton station | caption3 = A Flexity Freedom train at Eglinton station on Line 5 }}

The '''Toronto subway''' is a rapid transit system serving Toronto and the neighbouring city of Vaughan in Ontario, Canada. It is operated by the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC), an agency of the City of Toronto. The system is a rail network consisting of five lines: Line 1 Yonge–University, Line 2 Bloor–Danforth, Line 4 Sheppard, Line 5 Eglinton, and Line 6 Finch West.

In 1954, the TTC opened Canada's first underground rail line, then known as the "Yonge subway" and now part of Line 1, under Yonge Street between Union Station and Eglinton Avenue with 12 stations. {{As of|2026|post=,}} the network encompasses 109 stations and {{Convert|99.4|km}} of route.<ref name="TTC-2013-Stats" /><ref name="tysse" /> In {{American transit ridership|annualdate}}, the system had a ridership of {{formatnum: {{#expr: {{American transit ridership|ON Toronto TTC HR annual}} + {{American transit ridership|ON Toronto TTC IR annual}}}}}}, or about {{formatnum: {{#expr: {{American transit ridership|ON Toronto TTC HR daily}} + {{American transit ridership|ON Toronto TTC IR daily}}}}}} per weekday as of {{American transit ridership|dailydateasof}}, making it the busiest rapid transit system in Canada in terms of daily ridership. {{as of|2026|5|post=,}} there are 26 stations under construction as part of the Ontario Line and three extensions to existing lines.

==Lines== The lines of the Toronto subway system are known by both a number and a name. While each line is also assigned a colour, the colours are used only to visually distinguish them on maps and signage, not as names.<ref>{{cite news |title=TTC maps: are subway names better than numbers? |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/ttc-maps-are-subway-names-better-than-numbers-1.2186970 |publisher=CBC News |date=October 23, 2013 |archive-date=November 12, 2020 |access-date=October 2, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112030816/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/ttc-maps-are-subway-names-better-than-numbers-1.2186970 |url-status=live }}</ref>

There are five operating rapid transit lines in Toronto:

*{{rint|toronto|1}} Line 1 Yonge–University *{{rint|toronto|2}} Line 2 Bloor–Danforth *{{rint|toronto|4}} Line 4 Sheppard *{{rint|toronto|5}} Line 5 Eglinton *{{rint|toronto|6}} Line 6 Finch West

One additional line is also under construction:

*Ontario Line

Line 1 Yonge–University is the longest and busiest rapid transit line in the system. It opened as the Yonge subway in 1954 with a length of {{Convert|7.4|km}}<ref name="TheStar-1954-03-30">"Traffic authorities from all over world see subway opened", ''Toronto Daily Star'', March 30, 1954, p. 3.</ref> and since then has grown to a length of {{Convert|38.8|km}}. The modern line is U-shaped, having two northern terminals{{Snd}}at Vaughan Metropolitan Centre and {{stl|TTC|Finch}}{{Spaced en dash}}and its southern end at Union station in downtown Toronto. {{As of|2026|62|post=,}} an extension of Line 1 northwards to Richmond Hill is being procured, with five new stations and a planned opening date in the 2030s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yonge North Subway Extension - FAQs |url=https://www.metrolinx.com/en/projects-and-programs/yonge-north-subway-extension/faqs |access-date=2026-02-24 |website=www.metrolinx.com |language=en}}</ref>

Line 2 Bloor–Danforth, opened in 1966, runs parallel to Bloor Street and Danforth Avenue between Kipling station in Etobicoke and Kennedy station in Scarborough. Construction on a three-stop extension of Line 2 northeastward from Kennedy station to Sheppard Avenue and McCowan via Scarborough City Centre began in 2021, with a planned opening date in the 2030s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Scarborough Subway Extension.FAQs |url=https://www.metrolinx.com/en/projects-and-programs/scarborough-subway-extension/faqs |access-date=2026-02-24 |website=www.metrolinx.com |language=en}}</ref>

Line 4 Sheppard, opened in 2002, runs eastward under Sheppard Avenue East from Sheppard–Yonge station on Line 1 to Don Mills station; it is the shortest rapid transit line in Toronto at a length of {{convert|5.5|km|mi}} and the only one fully underground without any open sections.<ref name="TT-5110">{{cite web |url=http://transit.toronto.on.ca/subway/5110.shtml |title=The Sheppard Subway |work=Transit Toronto |first1=Aaron |last1=Adel |first2=James |last2=Bow |date=October 23, 2016 |access-date=January 13, 2017 |archive-date=March 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130328084113/http://transit.toronto.on.ca/subway/5110.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref>

Line 5 Eglinton is a {{convert|19|km|adj=on}} light rail line along Eglinton Avenue, running from Kennedy station in the east to Mount Dennis station in the west.<ref name="crosstownlrt">{{cite web |title=For a Greater Region – Eglinton Crosstown LRT |url=http://www.metrolinx.com/en/greaterregion/projects/crosstown.aspx |publisher=Metrolinx. |access-date=January 28, 2018 |archive-date=May 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506153906/http://www.metrolinx.com/en/greaterregion/projects/crosstown.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> The line has 25 stopping points, 15 of which are underground stations, with the remaining 10 being at-grade stops located in the road's median. Construction began in 2011, with completion of the project delayed several times.<ref name="TheStar-2015-09-24">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/transportation/2015/09/24/eglinton-crosstown-to-open-a-year-later-than-expected.html |title=Eglinton Crosstown to open a year later than expected |newspaper=Toronto Star |first=Tess |last=Kalinowski |date=September 24, 2015 |access-date=September 24, 2015 |archive-date=September 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925085914/http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/transportation/2015/09/24/eglinton-crosstown-to-open-a-year-later-than-expected.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="CityNews-2023-05-16">{{Cite web |first=Michael |last=Ranger |url=https://toronto.citynews.ca/2023/05/16/eglinton-crosstown-metrolinx-ttc-crosslinx/ |title=Eglinton Crosstown won't open until 2024, construction group to take legal action: Metrolinx |website=CityNews |date=May 16, 2023 |access-date=May 16, 2023 |archive-date=May 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516163903/https://toronto.citynews.ca/2023/05/16/eglinton-crosstown-metrolinx-ttc-crosslinx/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The line opened on February 8, 2026, at a cost of approximately $12{{Nbsp}}billion,.<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 30, 2019|title=Eglinton Crosstown LRT could be $330{{nbsp}}million over budget and open seven months late, internal documents warn|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2019/12/30/eglinton-crosstown-lrt-could-be-330-million-over-budget-and-open-seven-months-late-internal-documents-warn.html|access-date=September 7, 2020|website=Toronto Star|archive-date=March 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314081550/https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2019/12/30/eglinton-crosstown-lrt-could-be-330-million-over-budget-and-open-seven-months-late-internal-documents-warn.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="L5open">{{cite news |first=Arrthy |last=Thayaparan |title=Beautiful, wonderful, or Toronto transit's black eye? Whatever it is, the Eglinton Crosstown is finally open |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/eglinton-crosstown-feb-8-opening-9.7077697 |access-date=February 9, 2026 |work=CBC News |date=February 8, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260209140124/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/eglinton-crosstown-feb-8-opening-9.7077697 |archive-date=February 9, 2026 |url-status=live}}</ref> An extension of Line 5 westwards for {{convert|9.2|km}} to Renforth station is also under construction. The extension will have seven stations, four underground and two elevated. Construction began in 2022 and is scheduled for completion in the 2030s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Metrolinx – Eglinton Crosstown West Extension |url=https://www.metrolinx.com/en/projects-and-programs/eglinton-crosstown-west-extension |access-date=March 2, 2023 |website=www.metrolinx.com |archive-date=March 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302204120/https://www.metrolinx.com/en/projects-and-programs/eglinton-crosstown-west-extension |url-status=live }}</ref>

Line 6 Finch West, opened in 2025, runs westward at-grade in the median of Finch Avenue for {{convert|11|km}} and 18 stops from Finch West station on Line 1 to Humber College station. It was the first light rail line to enter service as part of the rapid transit system; construction began in 2019,<ref name="line6constructionstart">{{Cite web |url=https://www.railwayage.com/news/ontario-lrt-update |title=Ontario LRT Update |date=September 18, 2019 |website=Railway Age |first=John |last=Thompson |access-date=November 16, 2019 |archive-date=September 25, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925055519/https://www.railwayage.com/news/ontario-lrt-update/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="FinchWest-2023-07-25">{{cite web |date=July 25, 2023 |title=Finch West LRT likely won't be open to public until 2024 despite construction progress |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbx9xNnWD6o |quote=Metrolinx officials say it's now looking likely the Finch West LRT won't be open to riders until the first half of 2024. However, they say crews are working to finish heavy construction by fall 2023. |newspaper=CityNews |access-date=July 27, 2023 |archive-date=July 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726051116/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbx9xNnWD6o |url-status=live }}</ref> and the line opened on December 7, 2025.

{{As of|2026|62|post=,}} one new line is under construction: * The Ontario Line will be a {{convert|15.6|km|adj=on}} underground rapid transit line from Exhibition station to Don Valley station that will provide the first east–west rapid transit line through the Financial District and the central downtown core. The project evolved from the long-planned Downtown Relief Line, first proposed in the mid-1980s. The line is scheduled for completion in 2031 at a cost of $17 to $19 billion.<ref name="TheStar-2022/11/23">{{cite news |date=November 23, 2022 |title=Ontario Line costs nearly double after awarding of latest contracts |newspaper=Toronto Star |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2022/11/23/ontario-line-costs-nearly-double-after-awarding-of-latest-contracts.html |archive-date=November 24, 2022 |access-date=December 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124024929/https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2022/11/23/ontario-line-costs-nearly-double-after-awarding-of-latest-contracts.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Upon opening, the plan is to reassign the "Line 3" moniker formerly used by Line 3 Scarborough to the Ontario Line.<ref name=":3">{{cite web |date=February 10, 2021 |title=Future TTC Rapid Transit Map – 2031 Projection |url=https://ttc-cdn.azureedge.net/-/media/Project/TTC/DevProto/Documents/Home/Public-Meetings/Board/2021/February_10/Reports/8_Transit_Network_Expansion.pdf |website=ttc.ca |publisher=TTC |access-date=December 18, 2022 |archive-date=November 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129051638/https://ttc-cdn.azureedge.net/-/media/Project/TTC/DevProto/Documents/Home/Public-Meetings/Board/2021/February_10/Reports/8_Transit_Network_Expansion.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Until July 2023, the TTC operated an elevated light metro service. Line 3 Scarborough, originally known as the Scarborough RT, was an elevated medium-capacity (light metro) rail line serving the city's eponymous suburban district. It opened in 1985, running from Kennedy station to McCowan station via {{stl|TTC|Scarborough Centre}}. It was the only rapid transit line in Toronto to use the Intermediate Capacity Transit System (ICTS) technology.<ref name="TT-5107">{{cite web |url=http://transit.toronto.on.ca/subway/5107.shtml |title=The Scarborough Rapid Transit Line |work=Transit Toronto |first=James |last=Bow |date=December 28, 2016 |access-date=January 13, 2017 |archive-date=March 27, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130327183229/http://transit.toronto.on.ca/subway/5107.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> Because of maintenance difficulties (along with the Line 2 subway extension into Scarborough), Line 3 was to be decommissioned on November 19, 2023. However, it was decommissioned approximately four months early due to a derailment on July 24, 2023.<ref name="CITYNews-2023-08-24">{{cite web |url=https://toronto.citynews.ca/2023/08/24/ttc-scarborough-line-3-shutting-down/ |title=TTC says Scarborough Line 3 will not resume operation following derailment |work=City News Toronto |first=John |last=Marchesan |date=August 24, 2023 |access-date=August 24, 2023 |archive-date=August 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825031455/https://toronto.citynews.ca/2023/08/24/ttc-scarborough-line-3-shutting-down/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Bus service replaced Line 3 and is scheduled to continue until the extension of Line 2 to McCowan Road and Sheppard Avenue via Scarborough City Centre opens in 2030.<ref name="G&M-2021-02-10">{{cite news |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/toronto/article-ttc-board-green-lights-plan-to-close-rapid-transit-line/ |title=TTC board green-lights plan to close Rapid Transit line |newspaper=The Globe and Mail |first=Oliver |last=Moore |date=February 10, 2021 |access-date=August 9, 2021 |archive-date=August 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809235430/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/toronto/article-ttc-board-green-lights-plan-to-close-rapid-transit-line/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==History== ===Timeline=== {| class="wikitable" |+List of line, extension, and station openings and closings of the Toronto subway |- ! width="125px" |Date ! Event |- | March 30, 1954 | The Yonge subway opens from {{stl|TTC|Eglinton}} to Union station. It runs under or near Yonge Street and is part of today's Line 1 Yonge–University.<ref name="TTC-2013-Stats">{{cite web |url=http://www.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Operating_Statistics/2013.jsp |title=2013 TTC Operating Statistics |publisher=Toronto Transit Commission |access-date=January 27, 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816182820/https://ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Operating_Statistics/2013.jsp |archivedate=August 16, 2021}}</ref> |- | February 28, 1963 | The University subway opens from Union station to {{stl|TTC|St. George}}. It is an extension of the Yonge subway northwest under University Avenue.<ref name="TTC-2013-Stats" /> |- | February 25, 1966 | The Bloor–Danforth subway (now Line 2 Bloor–Danforth) opens from {{stl|TTC|Keele}} to {{stl|TTC|Woodbine}}. It runs under or near Bloor Street and Danforth Avenue.<ref name="TTC-2013-Stats" /> |- | May 10, 1968 | Bloor–Danforth subway extensions open west to {{stl|TTC|Islington}} and east to {{stl|TTC|Warden}}.<ref name="TTC-2013-Stats" /> |- | March 30, 1973 | A Yonge subway extension opens from Eglinton to {{stl|TTC|York Mills}}.<ref name="TTC-2013-Stats" /> |- | March 29, 1974 | A further Yonge subway extension opens from York Mills to {{stl|TTC|Finch}}.<ref name="TTC-2013-Stats" /> |- | January 28, 1978 | The Spadina subway,<ref>{{Cite web |title=TTC Subway/RT Route Histories – Transit Toronto – Content |url=https://transittoronto.ca/subway/5100.shtml |access-date=March 15, 2022 |website=transittoronto.ca |archive-date=March 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314090641/https://transittoronto.ca/subway/5100.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> an extension of the University subway, opens from St. George to {{stl|TTC|Wilson}}.<ref name="TTC-2013-Stats" /> The entire line is renamed the Yonge–University–Spadina subway. |- | November 21, 1980 | Bloor–Danforth subway extensions open west to {{stl|TTC|Kipling}} and east to {{stl|TTC|Kennedy}}.<ref name="TTC-2013-Stats" /> |- | March 22, 1985 | The Scarborough RT (later Line 3 Scarborough) opens from Kennedy to {{stl|TTC|McCowan}}.<ref name="TTC-2013-Stats" /> |- | June 18, 1987 | {{stl|TTC|North York Centre}} on the Yonge–University–Spadina subway opens. It is an infill station constructed between two existing stations, Sheppard (now {{stl|TTC|Sheppard–Yonge}}) and Finch.<ref name="TTC-2013-Stats" /> |- | March 31, 1996 | A Spadina subway extension opens from Wilson to Downsview (now {{stl|TTC|Sheppard West}}). |- | November 22, 2002 | The Sheppard subway (now Line 4 Sheppard) opens from Sheppard–Yonge to {{stl|TTC|Don Mills}}. It runs under Sheppard Avenue East.<ref name="TTC-2013-Stats" /> |- | December 17, 2017 | Line 1's Toronto–York Spadina subway extension (TYSSE) opens from Sheppard West to Vaughan Metropolitan Centre.<ref name="TTC-2015-03-26">{{cite web |url=http://www.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Commission_meetings/2015/March_26/Reports/4_1_TYSSE_Final_Report_and_Presentation.pdf |title=Toronto-York Spadina Subway Extension – Schedule and Budget Change |last=Byford |first=Andy |date=March 26, 2015 |publisher=Toronto Transit Commission |access-date=April 15, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411203109/http://www.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Commission_meetings/2015/March_26/Reports/4_1_TYSSE_Final_Report_and_Presentation.pdf | archive-date=April 11, 2015}}</ref> |- | July 24, 2023 | Line 3 Scarborough closes following a derailment and the TTC later announces the closure as permanent in August 2023.<ref name="cbc scarb rt officially shut down" /> The permanent closure of Line 3 had already been scheduled for November 2023, in preparation for the extension of Line 2 further into Scarborough in the early 2030s. |- | December 7, 2025 | Line 6 Finch West opens from {{stl|TTC|Finch West}} to {{stl|TTC|Humber College}}. It primarily runs along the median of Finch Avenue at surface level.<ref name="TTC Line 6">{{cite web |title=Finch West LRT opens with free rides as TTC launches 'first new transit line since 2002' |work=CTV News |date=December 7, 2025 |access-date=December 7, 2025 |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/toronto/article/finch-west-lrt-officially-opens-with-free-rides-as-ttc-launches-first-new-transit-line-since-2002/}}</ref> |- | February 8, 2026 | Line 5 Eglinton opens from {{stl|TTC|Mount Dennis}} to {{stl|TTC|Kennedy}}. The line follows Eglinton Avenue in a mix of elevated, underground, and median surface-level running. |}

===Line 1 Yonge–University=== {{main|Line 1 Yonge–University#History}} {{further|North Yonge subway extension|Spadina subway line|Toronto–York Spadina subway extension}}

[[File:Front street excavation.jpg|thumb|Excavation on Front Street for the Yonge subway, 1950. The line opened in 1954.]]

Canada's first subway, the Yonge subway, opened in 1954 with a length of {{Convert|7.4|km}}. The line ran under or parallel to Yonge Street between Eglinton Avenue and Union station. It replaced the Yonge streetcar line, Canada's first streetcar line. In 1963, the line was extended northwards from Union station under University Avenue to Bloor Street, where it would later connect with the Bloor–Danforth subway (opened in 1966) at the double-deck St. George station. In 1974, the Yonge Street portion of the line was extended from Eglinton station north to Finch station. The Spadina segment of the line was constructed north from St. George station initially to Wilson station in 1978, and in 1996 to Downsview station, renamed Sheppard West in 2017. Part of the Spadina segment runs in the median of Allen Road – an expressway formerly known as the Spadina Expressway – and crosses over Highway 401 on overpasses. Six decades of extensions gave the line a U-shaped route running from its two northern terminals (Finch and Vaughan Metropolitan Centre stations) and looping on its southern end at Union station. The latest extension from Sheppard West to {{stl|TTC|Vaughan Metropolitan Centre}} opened on December 17, 2017, making the line {{Convert|38.8|km}} long, over five times its original length.

===Line 2 Bloor–Danforth=== {{main|Line 2 Bloor–Danforth#History}}

Opened in 1966, the Bloor–Danforth subway runs east–west under or near Bloor Street and Danforth Avenue. It replaced the Bloor streetcar line (which also served Danforth Avenue). Initially, the subway line ran between Keele station and Woodbine station. In 1968, the line was extended west to Islington station and east to Warden station, and in 1980, it was further extended west to Kipling station and east to Kennedy station.

===Line 3 Scarborough=== {{main|Line 3 Scarborough#History}}

Opened in 1985, Line 3 (originally the Scarborough RT) was a light metro line running from Kennedy station to McCowan station. The TTC started to construct the line to use Canadian Light Rail Vehicles. However, the TTC was forced to convert to the Intermediate Capacity Transit System technology because the provincial government threatened to cut funding to the TTC if it did not. This line was never extended, and in July 2023, the line was shut down pending its dismantling due to a derailment that resulted in injuries. It is set to be replaced with an extension of Line 2 to Sheppard Avenue and McCowan Road via Scarborough Town Centre.

===Line 4 Sheppard=== {{main|Line 4 Sheppard#History}}

[[File:Don Mills TTC Subway station, April 8 2026.jpg|thumb|Don Mills station serves as the terminus for Line 4 Sheppard, a subway line that opened in 2002.]] Opened in 2002, the Sheppard subway runs under Sheppard Avenue from Sheppard–Yonge station to Don Mills station. The line was under construction when a change in provincial government threatened to terminate the project, but Mel Lastman, the last mayor of the former City of North York (today part of Toronto), used his influence to save the project. Despite the construction of many high-rise residential buildings along the line since its opening, ridership remains low resulting in a subsidy of $10 per ride.{{Citation needed|date=August 2020}} The line was intended to be extended to Scarborough Centre station, but because of the low ridership and the cost of tunnelling, there was a plan to extend rapid transit eastwards from Don Mills station via a surface light rail line, the Sheppard East LRT. However, in April 2019, Premier Doug Ford announced that the provincial government would extend Line 4 Sheppard to McCowan Road at some unspecified time in the future, thus replacing the proposed Sheppard East LRT.<ref name="TheStar-2019-04-10">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2019/04/10/how-doug-fords-285-billion-transit-overhaul-compares-with-torontos-existing-plans.html |title=How Doug Ford's $28.5-billion transit overhaul compares with Toronto's existing plans |newspaper=Toronto Star |date=April 10, 2019 |access-date=October 16, 2019 |archive-date=April 11, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411040213/https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2019/04/10/how-doug-fords-285-billion-transit-overhaul-compares-with-torontos-existing-plans.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Line 4 Sheppard is also the only subway line in Toronto not to have any open sections.

===Line 5 Eglinton=== {{main|Line 5 Eglinton#History}}

[[File:Extraction of TBM Don at Yonge&Eglinton.jpg|thumb|Pieces of a tunnel boring machine extracted during the construction of Line 5 Eglinton, 2017]] Metrolinx funded the {{convert|19|km|adj=on}} Line 5 Eglinton, a light rail line along Eglinton Avenue. From Mount Dennis in the west to Brentcliffe Road (east of Laird Drive), the line runs almost entirely underground where Eglinton Avenue is generally four to five lanes wide. From east of Brentcliffe Road to Kennedy station, the line operates on the surface in a reserved median in the middle of Eglinton Avenue, where the street is at least six lanes wide. Building on the surface instead of tunnelling reduced the cost of construction on the eastern end of the line. The average speed of the line is {{Convert|28|km/h|mph}}; as a comparison, the average speed of the heavy-rail Line 2 Bloor–Danforth is {{Convert|32|km/h|mph}}. The Eglinton line originated from Transit City, a plan sponsored by then–Toronto mayor David Miller, to expedite transit improvement by building several light rail lines through the lower density parts of the city. Line 5 was expected to be completed in 2024, but it has faced numerous delays.<ref name="CityNews-2023-05-16" /> The Government of Ontario announced on December 5, 2025, that substantial completion of the line had been achieved and that full operational control would be transferred from Metrolinx to the TTC, with service expected to begin in early 2026.<ref name="cp24 in coming weeks">{{cite news |last1=Wilson |first1=Codi |title=Eglinton Crosstown expected to open 'in the coming weeks', province says |url=https://www.cp24.com/local/toronto/2025/12/05/eglinton-crosstown-expected-to-open-in-the-coming-weeks-province-says/ |access-date=December 6, 2025 |work=CP24 |date=December 5, 2025 |language=en}}</ref> The TTC later announced that Line 5 would open for revenue service on February 8, 2026, as part of a phased opening.<ref name="L5open" /><ref name="line 5 phased start TTC">{{cite web|url=https://www.ttc.ca/news/2026/February/TTC-to-begin-phased-start-to-service-on-Line-5-Eglinton|title=TTC to begin phased start to service on Line 5 Eglinton|website=Ride the TTC|publisher=Toronto Transit Commission|date=3 February 2026|accessdate=3 February 2026}}</ref><ref name="global opening">{{cite news|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/11650346/eglinton-crosstown-lrt-launch-feb-8/|title=TTC confirms Eglinton Crosstown LRT will open on Sunday|first=Isaac|last=Callan|date=3 February 2026|accessdate=3 February 2026}}</ref>

=== Line 6 Finch West === {{main|Line 6 Finch West#History}}

[[File:Alstom Citadis Spirit entering Humber College station.jpg|thumb|Humber College station, the western terminus of Line 6 Finch West]] Opened in 2025, Line 6 Finch West, also known as the "Finch West LRT", is a surface light rail line owned by Metrolinx.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.metrolinx.com/en/greaterregion/projects/finchwest-lrt.aspx |title=For a Greater Region – Finch West LRT |agency=Metrolinx |access-date=July 1, 2018 |archive-date=November 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101124425/http://www.metrolinx.com/en/greaterregion/projects/finchwest-lrt.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> It is operated by the TTC and was also part of the Transit City proposal announced in 2007. The {{convert|10.3|km|adj=on}}, 18-stop line extends from Finch West station on Line 1 Yonge–University to Humber College station at the north campus of Humber Polytechnic (formerly Humber College). The line is forecast to carry about 14.6{{nbsp}}million riders a year or 40,000 a day by 2031. Construction on this line began in 2019.<ref name="line6constructionstart" /> It was scheduled for revenue service in the first half of 2024, with an estimated cost of $1.2{{nbsp}}billion, though it was delayed until December 7, 2025.<ref name="TTC Line 6" />

=== Ontario Line === {{main|Ontario Line}}

Ontario Line is an under-construction {{convert|15.6|km|adj=on}} subway line from Exhibition station to Don Valley station, providing a second rapid transit line through the Financial District and downtown core. Although a subway line along Queen Street was first proposed in the early 1900s, the Downtown Relief Line was first proposed in the mid-1980s. The Ontario Line project extends further west and north than previous proposals to serve more of the city. The line is scheduled for completion in 2031 at a cost of $17 to $19 billion.<ref name="TheStar-2022/11/23" /> Upon opening, the plan is for the line to use the "Line 3" moniker formerly used by Line 3 Scarborough.<ref name=":3" />

===Major incidents=== {{See also|Toronto Transit Commission incidents}} On March 27, 1963, there was an electrical short in a subway car's motor. The driver decided to continue operating the train, despite visible smoke in the affected car, until the train reached Union station. This decision resulted in the destruction of six subway cars and extensive damage to the tunnel and signal lines west of Union station. Following this incident, safety procedures involving electrical malfunctions and/or fire in subway trains, were revised to improve safety and reduce the likelihood of a similar incident occurring.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}

On October 14, 1976, arson caused the destruction of four subway cars and damage to Christie station, resulting in the closure of part of the Bloor–Danforth line for three days, and the bypassing of Christie station for some time afterwards for repairs.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Griffin |first1=Doug |title=Burned-out ruins of four Bloor subways cars are examined by firefighters at Christie subway station |url=https://digitalarchive.tpl.ca/objects/360180/burnedout-ruins-of-four-bloor-subways-cars-are-examined-by |website=Toronto Public Library |publisher=Toronto Star |access-date=December 15, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Bow |first1=James |title=THE CHRISTIE STATION FIRE SUBWAY DIVERSION (OCTOBER 15–17, 1976) |url=https://transittoronto.ca/bus/8119.shtml |website=Transit Toronto |access-date=December 15, 2022}}</ref>

On August 11, 1995, the TTC suffered the deadliest subway accident in Canadian history, known as the Russell Hill accident, on the Yonge–University line south of St. Clair West station. Halfway between St. Clair West and Dupont stations, a southbound Line 1 subway train hit the rear of a stationary train ahead of it.<ref name="russell-hill">{{cite news |last=Pelley |first=Lauren |title=20 years after Russell Hill, Toronto's deadliest subway crash |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2015/08/10/20-years-after-russell-hill-torontos-deadliest-subway-crash.html |access-date=April 23, 2019 |work=Toronto Star |archive-date=September 12, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912073010/http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2015/08/10/20-years-after-russell-hill-torontos-deadliest-subway-crash.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Three people died and 100 other people were injured, some of them seriously. This led to a major reorganization at the TTC, with more focus on maintaining a "state of good repair" (i.e., an increased emphasis on safety and maintenance of existing TTC capital/services) and less on expansion.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://transit.toronto.on.ca/archives/data/200508061136.shtml |title=Ten Years After – Toronto Star |work=Transit Toronto |date=August 6, 2005 |access-date=October 26, 2018 |archive-date=September 10, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090910010250/http://transit.toronto.on.ca/archives/data/200508061136.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref>

On July 24, 2023, the last car of a train on Line 3 Scarborough derailed south of Ellesmere station. There were 45 people on board, with five injuries reported.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Casaletto |first=Lucas |date=July 24, 2023 |title=TTC train derails in Scarborough, passengers injured |url=https://toronto.citynews.ca/2023/07/24/passengers-injured-after-ttc-train-derails-in-scarborough-line-3-srt/ |access-date=July 24, 2025 |website=CityNews Toronto |language=en |archive-date=September 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230913054059/https://toronto.citynews.ca/2023/07/24/passengers-injured-after-ttc-train-derails-in-scarborough-line-3-srt/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The TTC closed the line while the cause of the accident, which was not immediately apparent, was investigated. Though the TTC planned to close Line 3 in November 2023, it announced on August 24 that the line would not reopen.<ref name="cbc scarb rt officially shut down">{{cite news |title=Scarborough RT officially shut down: TTC |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/scarborough-rt-shutdown-1.6946294 |access-date=August 24, 2023 |publisher=CBC News |date=August 24, 2023 |archive-date=August 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230824195308/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/scarborough-rt-shutdown-1.6946294 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Operations and procedures== ===Line specifications=== {| class="wikitable" |- valign="top" ! Line ! Opened ! Stations ! Length<ref name="Service Summary" /> ! Technology ! Track gauge ! Electrification |- | {{rail-interchange|toronto|1}} Yonge–University | 1954 | 38 | {{Convert|38.4|km|abbr=on}} | Heavy rail | Toronto gauge (1,495{{nbsp}}mm) | 600 V DC third rail |- | {{rail-interchange|toronto|2}} Bloor–Danforth | 1966 | 31 | {{Convert|26.2|km|abbr=on}} | Heavy rail | Toronto gauge (1,495{{nbsp}}mm) | 600 V DC third rail |- | {{rail-interchange|toronto|4}} Sheppard | 2002 | 5 | {{Convert|5.5|km|abbr=on}} | Heavy rail | Toronto gauge (1,495{{nbsp}}mm) | 600 V DC third rail |- | {{rail-interchange|toronto|5}} Eglinton | 2026 | 25 | {{Convert|19|km|mi|abbr=on}} | Light rail | Standard gauge (1,435{{nbsp}}mm) | 750 V DC overhead line |- | {{rail-interchange|toronto|6}} Finch West | 2025 | 18{{efn|With the exception of its eastern and western terminal stations, all stops along Line 6 Finch West are surface-level stops in the road median, similar to the 512 St. Clair and 510 Spadina streetcar lines, rather than full stations.}} | {{convert|10.3|km|abbr=on}} | Light rail | Standard gauge (1,435{{nbsp}}mm) | 750 V DC overhead line |- ! colspan="7" | Under construction |- | {{rail-interchange|toronto|5}} Eglinton Crosstown West extension | 2031{{efn|name=estimate-open|Estimated year of opening}} | 7 | {{Convert|9.2|km|mi|abbr=on}} | Light rail | Standard gauge (1,435{{nbsp}}mm) | 750 V DC overhead line |- | {{rail-interchange|toronto|2}} Bloor–Danforth extension | 2031{{efn|name=estimate-open}} | 3 | {{Convert|7.8|km|mi|abbr=on}} | Heavy rail | Toronto gauge (1,495{{nbsp}}mm) | 600 V DC third rail |- | Ontario Line | 2031{{efn|name=estimate-open}} | 15 | {{convert|15.6|km|abbr=on}} | Heavy rail | Standard gauge (1,435{{nbsp}}mm) | 1,500 V DC overhead line |- | {{rint|toronto|1}} Yonge North subway extension | 2030s{{efn|name=estimate-open}} | 5 | {{Convert|8|km|mi|abbr=on}} | Heavy rail | Toronto gauge (1,495{{nbsp}}mm) | 600 V DC third rail |- ! colspan="7" | Former lines |- | {{rail-interchange|toronto|3}} Scarborough | 1985–2023 | 6 | {{Convert|6.4|km|abbr=on}} | Light metro | Standard gauge (1,435{{nbsp}}mm) | 600 V DC fifth rail |}

===Terminal station reversals and short turns=== {{also|Toronto subway trackage#Crossovers|Toronto subway trackage#Centre and pocket tracks}} [[File:VaughanSubwayCrossover.jpg|thumb|A Toronto Rocket train using the crossover at Vaughan Metropolitan Centre, a terminal station, to reverse]] The heavy-rail subway lines were built in multiple segments with multiple crossovers. These are typically used for reversals at terminal stations, and allow arriving and departing trains to cross to and from the station's farside platform. They are also used for short turning trains at some through stations in order to accommodate emergency and planned service suspensions. Planned service suspensions generally occur on weekends for planned maintenance activities that are impractical to perform overnight.<ref name="TTC-2017-01-20">{{cite web |url=http://www.ttc.ca/News/Connecting%20Toronto/2017/January/20012017.jsp |title=Necessity of TTC subway closures explained |publisher=Toronto Transit Commission |first=Andy |last=Byford |author-link=Andy Byford |date=January 20, 2017 |access-date=January 23, 2017 |quote=The new signal system will be introduced in phases from this fall and will be completed by the end of 2019 at which point we will undertake similar work on Line 2. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202013236/http://www.ttc.ca/News/Connecting%20Toronto/2017/January/20012017.jsp | archive-date=February 2, 2017}}</ref> There is only one regular short turn service that occurs during the morning rush hour on Line 1 Yonge–University when some northbound trains short turn at Glencairn station.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://stevemunro.ca/2017/10/23/ttc-service-changes-effective-sunday-november-26-2017/ |first=Steve |last=Monro |title=TTC Service Changes Effective Sunday, November 26, 2017 |date=October 23, 2017 |access-date=November 14, 2018}}</ref>

On the former Line 3 Scarborough, light metro trains were not able to switch direction except at the ends of the line as there were no intermediate crossovers between the two termini. Thus, no short turns on Line 3 were possible.

===Train operation===

==== Two-person train operation ==== Lines 1, 2, and 4 use either a one- or two-person crew. With two-person train operation, the train is driven by a train operator, with an on-board guard at the rear of the train opening and closing the doors, ensuring no one is trapped before the train departs. At each subway platform, a set of three {{convert|15|cm|in|0|adj=mid|-wide}} platform markers are affixed onto the platform wall. The train operator and guard use them to position the train.

{{As of|2025}}, the platform markers used for Lines 1, 2, and 4 are as follows:<ref>{{cite news |url=http://torontoist.com/2010/08/rocket_talk_what_are_those_subway_symbols_for/ |title=Rocket Talk: What Are Those Subway Symbols For? | news |newspaper=Torontoist |date=August 26, 2010 |access-date=November 7, 2012 |archive-date=July 31, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731125326/http://torontoist.com/2010/08/rocket_talk_what_are_those_subway_symbols_for/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="cp24-2016-09-27">[http://www.cp24.com/news/ttc-switching-to-single-operator-model-for-line-4-subway-as-of-oct-9-1.3091153 "TTC switching to single-operator model for Line 4 subway as of Oct. 9"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927200936/http://www.cp24.com/news/ttc-switching-to-single-operator-model-for-line-4-subway-as-of-oct-9-1.3091153 |date=September 27, 2016 }}. ''CP24'', Chris Fox, September 27, 2016</ref> [[File:Bloor-Yonge TTC Subway station, August 26 2025 (02).jpg|thumb|Subway doors on Line 2 are operated by a train guard, situated in the trailing operator cab.]] * Circular red disk (Lines 1, 2, and 4){{Spaced en dash}}This marker is typically mounted on the station platform wall to assist the train operator in positioning the train in the station. When the operator's window is aligned with the red disk, the train is properly berthed in the station. * Green triangle (Lines 1 and 2){{Spaced en dash}}This marker is typically mounted on the station platform wall to indicate to the guard, who is positioned in the trailing car, that it is safe to open the doors.<ref name="TCRP">{{Cite web | url=http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_04-c.pdf | title=Operational factors – Factors influencing observation approaches | website=onlinepubs.trb.org | access-date=August 3, 2024 | via=TCRP Report 4 – Aids for Rail Car Side-Door Observation | publisher=Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) | archive-date=April 10, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240410002539/https://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_04-c.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> When the guard's window is aligned with this marker, the guard must confirm the stop position by physically pointing to the green triangle. If the guard cannot see the green triangle, they are not permitted to open the train doors.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Committee_meetings/Audit_Risk_Management/2015/September_11/Reports/2014_TTC_APTA_Audit.pdf |title=2014 TTC APTA Audit |publisher=Toronto Transit Commission |date=September 11, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728015810/https://www.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Committee_meetings/Audit_Risk_Management/2015/September_11/Reports/2014_TTC_APTA_Audit.pdf | archive-date=July 28, 2017}}</ref> After the doors are opened, the guard is required to stick their head out the cab window to observe passengers boarding and exiting. The train doors remain open for at least 15 seconds.<ref name="TCRP" /> * Orange triangle (Lines 1 and 2){{Spaced en dash}}This marker is mounted on the station platform wall to assist the guard, who is positioned in the last car, in observing the platform as the train exits the station to ensure that no passengers are being dragged along by the train.<ref name="TCRP" /> When the guard reaches this triangle, they can cease observations. The distance between the green and orange triangles is typically the length of three cars.<ref name="TCRP" />

When the guard determines that boarding is complete, electronic chimes sound and orange lights above the doorways flash while the automated announcement "please stand clear of the doors" is played over the train's public address system, and subsequently the doors are closed. The chimes are played before the automated announcement because such announcements may not be heard when the station is crowded.<ref name="TCRP"/> In 1991, the chimes and flashing lights were tested and gradually introduced system-wide during the 1990s. After the doors are closed, a light turns on in the operating cab. Until 1991, the guard alerted patrons to the closing doors with two short whistle blasts.<ref name="TTC M1s">{{Citation |last=TechnicaProductions |title=TTC M1s In Operation |date=October 17, 2012 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m4DS9-5Gkds |access-date=April 14, 2019 |archive-date=May 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511234912/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m4DS9-5Gkds&gl=US&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:St Patrick TTC orange dot.jpg|thumb|An orange circle platform marker was used to assist the train guard as the train departed the station prior to 2017. An example from Line 1's St. Patrick station is pictured.]]

Prior to 2017, when subway guards operated the doors from the fifth car instead of the trailing car in the T1 trains on Line 2, different platform markers were used. The following markers have now fallen into disuse as a result of a March 2017 policy change<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ohscanada.com/ttc-union-rep-blames-policy-change-worker-assault/ |title=TTC union rep blames policy change for worker assault |date=March 28, 2017 |website=OHS Canada Magazine |access-date=April 14, 2019 |archive-date=April 14, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414204943/https://www.ohscanada.com/ttc-union-rep-blames-policy-change-worker-assault/ |url-status=live }}</ref> that required all guards to work from the trailing car on Line 2: * Circular green disk{{Spaced en dash}}This marker was mounted on the station platform wall in front of the guard's window in the fifth car from the lead unit. It indicated to the guard that the train was properly berthed.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |publisher=Telephonics Corporation |title=TCRP Report 4: Aids for Rail Car Side-Door Observation |date=1995 |access-date=April 14, 2019 |url=http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_04-c.pdf |archive-date=June 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618034433/https://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_04-c.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The guard was required to point to the circle before opening the doors to confirm the stop position.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/1841468/ttc-subway-guards-pointing-at-the-wall-why-some-dont-know/ |title=TTC subway guards pointing at the wall. Why? Some don't know |date=February 20, 2015 |work=Global News |access-date=April 14, 2019}}</ref> * Circular orange disk{{Spaced en dash}}This marker was mounted on the station platform wall to indicate to the guard when they could cease train departure platform observations. At this point, the guard closed the cab window.<ref name=":0" />

==== One-person train operation ==== With one-person train operation (OPTO), used on other large subway systems{{Spaced en dash}}such as the London Underground, the Paris Metro, the Chicago "L" and the Montreal Metro<ref>{{Cite web |title=OPTO |url=https://www.ttc.ca/riding-the-ttc/Updates/OPTO |access-date=September 25, 2022 |website=TTC |language=en |quote=One-Person Train Operation (OPTO) is a modernizing step that allows the train Operator to perform all duties within the train cab. Updated technology will allow one crew member to safely drive the train and operate the doors. Major metropolitan cities have also migrated to OPTO: Paris, London, Chicago, Los Angeles, Montreal, Boston, Berlin, Madrid, Hong Kong and more. |archive-date=March 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315083914/https://www.ttc.ca/riding-the-ttc/Updates/OPTO |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Spaced en dash}}the train operator opens and closes the doors as well as driving the train.<ref name="cp24-2016-09-27" />

Initially, Lines 1, 2, and 4 all used two-person train operation. On October 9, 2016, Line 4 Sheppard was converted to OPTO.<ref name="cp24-2016-09-27" /> Beginning August 1, 2021, the TTC tested OPTO on a portion of Line 1 on Sundays only. Effective November 21, 2021, the TTC applied OPTO every day on Line 1 between Vaughan Metropolitan Centre and St. George stations, continuing to use two-person train operation between St. George and Finch<ref name="TTC-2021-11-28">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TLCsNhejDg8 |title=Toronto Transit Commission Board Meeting – November 29, 2021 |publisher=Toronto Transit Commission |date=November 29, 2021 |access-date=November 30, 2021 |archive-date=November 30, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130221719/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TLCsNhejDg8 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|00:15:38}} until fully adopting OPTO on the line on November 20, 2022.<ref name="TTC-2022-11-20">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/service-advisories/Service-Changes/1-Line-1-Yonge-University-Service-increase |title=Line 1 (Yonge-University)–Service increase |publisher=Toronto Transit Commission |date=November 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221119015619/https://www.ttc.ca/service-advisories/Service-Changes/1-Line-1-Yonge-University-Service-increase | archive-date=November 19, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Line 5 Eglinton and Line 6 Finch West trains have used OPTO since they began service, as did Line 3 Scarborough, which operated from 1985 to 2023.

A 2020 survey conducted by the Amalgamated Transit Union Local 113 indicated that two-thirds of Torontonians surveyed opposed the TTC's plan to eliminate the train guard on Line 1, and that three-quarters of them disapproved of the lack of public consultation before train guards were removed from Line 4 in 2016, citing safety concerns, among other issues, as key reasons motivating their response.<ref name="680 News 2020/02/26">{{Cite web |title=Majority of Torontonians say no to TTC plan to remove subway guards: poll – 680 NEWS |url=https://toronto.citynews.ca/2020/02/26/majority-of-torontonians-say-no-to-ttc-plan-to-remove-subway-guards-poll/ |access-date=April 6, 2021 |website=www.680news.com|date=February 26, 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://wemovetoronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/mainstreet-Toronto-25february2020.pdf | title=Toronto – Torontonians' attitudes on eliminating subway guards and public consultation on TTC subway safety | website=wemovetoronto.ca | access-date=August 3, 2024 | date=February 25, 2020 | archive-date=February 21, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221131017/https://wemovetoronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/mainstreet-Toronto-25february2020.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref>

===Station announcements=== [[File:Next Station LED Display on Toronto Rocket Subway Train, December 7 2025 (01).jpg|thumb|The Toronto Rocket uses multi-coloured LED signs to provide visible stop announcements and display visual arrows pointing to the side where the doors will open on at the next stop (except at terminus stations).]] On January 8, 1995, train operators began to announce each stop manually over the train's speaker system as a result of pressure from advocacy groups for the visually impaired, but announcements were sporadic until the TTC began to enforce the policy circa 2005. Later, automated announcements were implemented under further pressure from the advocacy groups.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ohrc.on.ca/en/resources/news/ttcxs |title=Ontario Transit Services Expected To Announce All Transit Stops |publisher=Ontario Human Rights Commission |date=October 15, 2007 |access-date=March 1, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090815055809/http://www.ohrc.on.ca/en/resources/news/ttcxs |archive-date=August 15, 2009}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite news |last=Ku |first=Christina |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/access/1281323231.html?dids=1281323231:1281323231&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Jun+3%2C+2007&author=Christina+Ku&pub=Toronto+Star&edition=&startpage=A.7&desc=Our+lady+of+the+stations |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001005231/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/access/1281323231.html?dids=1281323231:1281323231&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Jun+3,+2007&author=Christina+Ku&pub=Toronto+Star&edition=&startpage=A.7&desc=Our+lady+of+the+stations |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 1, 2007 |title=Our lady of the stations: Meet the calm-voiced woman behind the TTC's automated subway announcements |newspaper=Toronto Star |date=June 3, 2007 |access-date=July 18, 2007}}</ref> All TTC trains use an automated system to announce each station, which is played twice over the speaker system: when the train departs a station (e.g. "The next station is: Dufferin, Dufferin station") and when it arrives at the following station (e.g. "Arriving at: Dufferin, Dufferin station"). In addition, trains on all lines except Line 2 provide visible and audible automatic stop announcements. These trains also announce connections to other Toronto subway lines as well as connections to other public transit service providers where applicable, and announce, except at terminus stations, which side the train doors will open on at each stop based on the direction of train travel.<ref name="auto" /> Lines 5 and 6{{snd}}because they are owned by the provincial entity Metrolinx, which makes them subject to the ''French Language Services Act''{{snd}}use bilingual English and French station announcements in a slightly different format (e.g. "next station, {{lang|fr|prochaine station}}, Mount Pleasant, Mount Pleasant station").<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metrolinx.com/en/about-us/policies/french-language-services |title=French Language Services |publisher=Metrolinx |access-date=February 12, 2026}}</ref>

===Winter operations=== Switches and power rails are vulnerable to malfunction under extreme winter conditions such as heavy snow or freezing rain. During such events, the TTC runs "storm trains" overnight along subway lines to keep power rails clear of ice. The TTC also has trains to apply an anti-freeze to the power rail once freezing rain starts.<ref name="TTC-2018-04-16" />

These precautions were also used on Line 3 Scarborough, which used two power rails.<ref name="TTC-2018-04-16" /> After reviewing operations during the winter of 2018–2019, the TTC decided to change its procedures for Line 3. Thus, about two hours before an expected storm, the TTC would decide whether to shut down Line 3 and replace it with bus service.<ref name="TTC-2021-Winter">{{cite web |url=http://www.ttc.ca/Service_Advisories/Winter_weather_plan/Streetcar.jsp |title=Service changes in the event of a winter storm{{Snd}}Streetcar |publisher=Toronto Transit Commission |access-date=February 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210225013333/http://www.ttc.ca/Service_Advisories/Winter_weather_plan/Streetcar.jsp | archive-date=February 25, 2021}}</ref> Just before the storm of February 2, 2022, the TTC replaced all Line 3 trains with 25 buses.<ref name="TheStar-2022/02/02" />

To keep switches in the yards from freezing, crews use switch heaters and manually monitor them to ensure they stay in working order during winter storms. Workcars are run as storm trains within the yards to prevent ice from building up on the power rails.<ref name="TTC-2018-04-16">{{cite web |url=http://www.ttc.ca/Service_Advisories/Route_diversions/Ice_Storm1.jsp |title=Service changes in the event of an ice storm |publisher=Toronto Transit Commission |date=April 16, 2018 |access-date=April 16, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180416220533/http://www.ttc.ca/Service_Advisories/Route_diversions/Ice_Storm1.jsp | archive-date=April 16, 2018}}</ref> The TTC stores subway trains in tunnels along main lines rather than in exterior yards.<ref name="TheStar-2022/02/02">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2022/02/02/ttc-closes-scarborough-line-3-as-toronto-braces-for-yet-another-storm.html |title=TTC closes Scarborough Line 3 as Toronto hit by winter storm |newspaper=Toronto Star |first=Maria |last=Iqbal |date=February 2, 2022 |archive-date=December 20, 2022 |access-date=February 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220222751/https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2022/02/02/ttc-closes-scarborough-line-3-as-toronto-braces-for-yet-another-storm.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Stations== {{Main|List of Toronto subway stations}}

[[File:Main Street TTC Station, March 27 2025 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Many underground stations feature termini for bus and streetcar services, such as this one at Main Street station.]] The Toronto subway has 109 stations and stops across five lines. Many stations are named for the nearest major arterial road crossed by the line in question. Some are named for major landmarks, such as shopping centres or transportation hubs, served by the station. The stations along the University Avenue section of Line 1 Yonge–University, in particular, are named entirely for landmarks and public institutions ({{stl|TTC|Museum}}, {{stl|TTC|Queen's Park}}, and {{stl|TTC|Osgoode}}) and major churches{{Citation needed|date=August 2020}} ({{stl|TTC|St. Patrick}} and {{stl|TTC|St. Andrew}}). All trains, except for short turns, stop at every station along their route and run the entire length of their line from terminus to terminus. Many stations outside the central business district have termini for local TTC bus routes and streetcar routes situated within their fare-paid areas.

===Payment=== {{Main|Toronto Transit Commission fares}}

To pay their fare, riders can tap their Presto, debit or credit card, or mobile wallet on a Presto card reader in a station before boarding a train or on the bus or streetcar. All regular TTC bus and streetcar routes permit two-hour free transfers both to and from connecting TTC lines.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pay your fare with your debit or credit card|url=https://www.ttc.ca/riding-the-ttc/Updates/Pay-your-fare-with-your-debit-or-credit-card|website=TTC.ca|publisher=Toronto Transit Commission|date=September 18, 2023|access-date=December 13, 2025}}</ref>

Fare gates or transaction processors with electronic payment options are installed in all stations. On the street-running segments of Line 5 Eglinton and Line 6 Finch West, passengers tap on the Presto card readers (station fare transaction processors) installed on the platform entry ramps before boarding.<ref name="Fare payment — Line 6 Finch West">{{cite web|title=Fare payment — Line 6 Finch West|url=https://www.ttc.ca/riding-the-ttc/Line-6-Finch-West/Fare-payment|website=TTC.ca|publisher=Toronto Transit Commission|access-date=December 13, 2025}}</ref>

===Accessibility=== {{Main|Toronto Transit Commission accessibility}}

[[File:Vaughan Metropolitan Centre Station (49165637602).jpg|thumb|Elevators at the subway platform of Vaughan Metropolitan Centre station]] Most of the Toronto subway system was built before wheelchair access was a requirement under the Ontarians with Disabilities Act (ODA). However, all stations built since 1996 are equipped with elevators. {{As of|2025|12}}, 86 percent (75 of 87) of the stations, excluding those on Line 5 Eglinton, then under construction, are accessible following upgrade works to add elevators, wide fare gates, and access doors to the station.<ref>{{cite web|title=TTC Subway, Light Rail and Streetcar Map |url=https://cdn.ttc.ca/-/media/Project/TTC/DevProto/Images/Home/Routes-and-Schedules/Landing-page-pdfs/TTC_SubwayStreetcarMap.pdf?rev=1c45418c91c44501b17e3d7aeed326b6|website=TTC.ca (PDF)|publisher=Toronto Transit Commission|date=December 2025|access-date=December 13, 2025|format=PDF}}</ref>

Although plans were made to ensure all stations were accessible for people with disabilities by 2025,<ref name="Access2022">{{cite web |last=Haskill |first=Scott |date=June 23, 2022 |title=2022 Accessibility Plan Status Update |url=https://ttc-cdn.azureedge.net/-/media/Project/TTC/DevProto/Documents/Home/Public-Meetings/Board/2022/June-23/11_2022_Accessibility_Plan_Status_Update.pdf?rev=93faffcb7ac44609a8e0be1d2685e720&hash=0784D6A852739F383C3D55DCC1D21D37 |website=Toronto Transit Commission}}</ref> in September 2024, it was reported this goal would not be met until 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Sheila Wang Investigative |date=September 19, 2023 |title=TTC won't meet Ontario's 2025 accessibility deadline, staff report says |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/ttc-won-t-meet-ontario-s-2025-accessibility-deadline-staff-report-says/article_a8aac6a6-ae97-5fd8-9972-30e8d1ec26b5.html |access-date=September 26, 2024 |website=Toronto Star |language=en}}</ref> {{as of|2026|post=,}} only College, Islington, King, Lawrence, Museum, Old Mill and Spadina stations are not fully accessible. In comparison, the Montreal Metro plans for all stations to be accessible by 2038,<ref>{{cite web |date=March 7, 2017 |title=STM Metro accessibility plan will mean more elevators, ramps |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/stm-metro-accessibility-plan-will-mean-more-elevators-ramps-1.4013361 |access-date=August 4, 2020 |publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |quote=Schnobb said at that time the entire underground network should be accessible by 2038. |archive-date=January 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111035523/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/stm-metro-accessibility-plan-will-mean-more-elevators-ramps-1.4013361 |url-status=live }}</ref> the Chicago "L" plans for all stations to be accessible in the 2030s,<ref>{{Cite web |title=All Stations Accessibility Program (ASAP) |url=https://www.transitchicago.com/accessibility/asap/ |access-date=July 27, 2023 |website=CTA |language=en |quote=In July 2018, we reached an important milestone in our commitment towards making the rail system accessible to everyone by releasing the All Stations Accessibility Program (ASAP) Strategic Plan – our blueprint for making the remaining 42 rail stations fully accessible over the next two decades. |archive-date=July 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230727075117/https://www.transitchicago.com/accessibility/asap/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and the New York City Subway plans for 95 percent of stations to be accessible by 2055.<ref name="nyt-2022-06-222">{{Cite news |last=Gold |first=Michael |date=June 22, 2022 |title=New York's Subway System Vows to Be 95 Percent Accessible by 2055 |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/22/nyregion/nyc-subway-accessibility-disabilities-elevators.html |access-date=June 22, 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=June 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622135107/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/22/nyregion/nyc-subway-accessibility-disabilities-elevators.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

All TTC trains offer level boarding for customers with wheelchairs and other accessibility needs, with priority seating and dedicated wheelchair areas onboard each train.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Accessibility |url=https://www.ttc.cahttps//www.ttc.ca/accessibility |access-date=July 27, 2023 |website=www.ttc.ca |language=en}}</ref>

===Cleanliness=== The May 2010 TTC cleanliness audit of subway stations found that none of them meet the transit agency's highest standard for cleanliness and general state of repair. Only 21 stations scored in the 70- to 80-percent range in the TTC's cleanliness scale, a range described as "ordinary tidiness", while 45 fell in the 60- to 70-percent range, achieving what the commission describes as "casual inattentiveness". The May audit was the third in a series of comprehensive assessments that began in 2009. The commission announced a "cleaning blitz" that would add 30 new temporary cleaners for the latter part of 2010 to address major issues and has other action plans that include more full-time cleaners, and new and more effective ways at addressing station cleanliness.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/no-ttc-stations-meet-cleanliness-standard-1.889301 |title=No TTC stations meet cleanliness standard |date=July 12, 2010 |newspaper=CBC |access-date=July 24, 2014 |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924190429/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/no-ttc-stations-meet-cleanliness-standard-1.889301 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www3.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Commission_meetings/2010/July_14_2010/Reports/SUBWAY_STATION_APPEA.pdf |title=Subway Station Appearance Improvement Update |date=July 14, 2010 |publisher=Toronto Transit Commission |access-date=March 31, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728001003/http://www3.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Commission_meetings/2010/July_14_2010/Reports/SUBWAY_STATION_APPEA.pdf | archive-date=July 28, 2017}}</ref>

{{further|Toronto Transit Commission incidents#Protective changes}} The TTC implemented stricter cleanliness protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic from 2020 to 2022.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ttc.ca/Riding_the_TTC/Safety_and_Security/Coronavirus_update.jsp | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504214340/https://www.ttc.ca/Riding_the_TTC/Safety_and_Security/Coronavirus_update.jsp | archive-date=May 4, 2020 | title=Coronavirus update}}</ref>

===Design and public art=== {{Main|Toronto subway public art}}

[[File:Sky Ellipse art wall at Highway 407 station (37369751004).jpg|thumb|Stained glass artwork ''Sky Ellipse'' at Highway 407 station]] According to a 1991 CBC report, "aesthetics weren't really a priority" on Toronto's subway system, describing stations as "a series of bathrooms without plumbing".<ref name="CBC-1991-02-17">{{cite web |url=http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/montreal-metros-masterpieces |title=Montreal metro's masterpieces |publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |date=February 17, 1991 |access-date=February 6, 2017 |quote=In the early days of Toronto's subway, aesthetics weren't really a priority; in fact, the stations were often described as "a series of bathrooms without plumbing." Art was later added to various stations through the years, and when the TTC designed its new Sheppard Line (which opened in 2002) art became a very important part of the initial planning. |archive-date=February 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211155454/http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/montreal-metros-masterpieces |url-status=live }} Article updated since February 17, 1991</ref> Since that time, Toronto's subway system has had over 40 pieces installed in various subway stations. More art appeared as new stations were built and older ones were renovated.

In 2004, ''USA Today'' said of Line 4 Sheppard (then known as the Sheppard subway): "Despite the remarkable engineering feats of this metro, known as Sheppard Subway, [it is] the art covering walls, ceilings, and platforms of all five stations that stands out. Each station is 'a total art experience where artists have created imaginative environments, uniquely expressing themes of community, location, and heritage' through panoramic landscapes and ceramic wall murals."<ref>{{cite news |first=Shawn |last=Sell |url=https://www.usatoday.com/travel/destinations/10great/2004-09-02-subways_x.htm |title=10 great places to stop for subway art |newspaper=USA Today |date=September 2, 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060205101142/https://www.usatoday.com/travel/destinations/10great/2004-09-02-subways_x.htm |archive-date=February 5, 2006 |access-date=July 7, 2022}}</ref>

===Internet and mobile phone access=== ====Wireless service implementation==== In 2012, the TTC awarded a contract to BAI Communications Canada to design, build and maintain a celular and Wi-Fi system along Toronto subway lines. BAI agreed to pay $25{{nbsp}}million to the TTC over a 20-year period for the exclusive rights to provide the service. BAI in turn would sell access to the cellular system to other carriers.<ref name="TTC-2013-12-10" /><ref name="G&M-2023-09-18">{{cite news |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/editorials/article-on-the-toronto-transit-phone-dispute-montreal-shows-the-better-way/ |title=On the Toronto transit phone dispute, Montreal shows the better way |newspaper=The Globe and Mail |date=September 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918191016/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/editorials/article-on-the-toronto-transit-phone-dispute-montreal-shows-the-better-way/ | archive-date=September 18, 2023}}</ref>

On December 13, 2013, Wi-Fi Internet access was launched at {{stl|TTC|Bloor–Yonge}} and St. George stations. The ad-supported service (branded as "TConnect") was provided by BAI Canada. The TTC and BAI Canada planned to offer TConnect at all underground stations.<ref name="TTC-2013-12-10">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/news/2013/December/TTC-BAI-Canada-launch-free-WiFi-at-two-subway-stations |title=TTC, BAI Canada launch free WiFi at two subway stations |website=Ttc.ca |access-date=May 27, 2018 |archive-date=November 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103053350/https://www.ttc.ca/news/2013/December/TTC-BAI-Canada-launch-free-WiFi-at-two-subway-stations |url-status=live }}</ref> Commuters had to view a video advertisement to gain access to the Internet.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.o.canada.com/technology/personal-tech/two-toronto-subway-stations-now-have-free-wi-fi/ |title=Two Toronto subway stations now have free Wi-Fi |first=. All Rights |last=Reserved. |date=November 26, 2013 |website=O.canada.com |access-date=May 27, 2018 |archive-date=July 14, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714122317/http://o.canada.com/technology/personal-tech/two-toronto-subway-stations-now-have-free-wi-fi |url-status=dead }}</ref> It was expected that all of the 70 subway stations would have service by 2017, as well as the six stations along the Line 1 extension to Vaughan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tconnect.ca/stations.php |title=Wi-fi Now Available At |work=TCONNECT |quote=Each of the 65 underground stations will have wireless and Wi-Fi service by 2017. |access-date=January 7, 2015 |archive-date=February 20, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220204449/http://tconnect.ca/stations.php}}</ref> From early December 2015 to late January 2016, users of TConnect were required to authenticate using a Twitter account, with Twitter's Canadian operations sponsoring the TConnect Wi-Fi network.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/news/2015/December/Wi-Fi-expands-to-four-more-TTC-subway-stations |title=Wi-Fi expands to four more TTC subway stations |website=ttc.ca |access-date=May 27, 2018 |archive-date=November 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103053749/https://www.ttc.ca/news/2015/December/Wi-Fi-expands-to-four-more-TTC-subway-stations |url-status=live }}</ref> Users of the network could sign in to enable an automatic Wi-Fi connection for 30 days. This arrangement was resumed on an optional basis from July 2016 to early December 2016. By August 2017, Wi-Fi was available at all existing stations and would be available in all future stations.<ref name="TTC-WiFi">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/Customer_Service/Station_WiFi/index.jsp |title=Wi-Fi In Our Stations |website=Ttc.ca |access-date=May 27, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022200748/https://www.ttc.ca/Customer_Service/Station_WiFi/index.jsp | archive-date=October 22, 2021}}</ref>

On June 17, 2015, the TTC announced that Wind Mobile (later rebranded Freedom Mobile) customers would be able to access cellular connectivity at some TTC subway stations. Service was initially between Bloor–Yonge and St. George stations on Line 1, and between Bloor–Yonge and Spadina stations on Line 2.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/news/2015/June/TTC-BAI-Canada-WIND-Mobile-launch-cellular-service-underground |title=TTC, BAI Canada & WIND Mobile launch cellular service underground |website=ttc.ca |access-date=May 27, 2018 |archive-date=November 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103050150/https://www.ttc.ca/news/2015/June/TTC-BAI-Canada-WIND-Mobile-launch-cellular-service-underground |url-status=live }}</ref> Other carriers declined to use the BAI cellular system because of the price BAI was asking for access.<ref name="G&M-2023-09-18" />

In April 2023, Rogers Communications took over BAI Communications and honoured existing access to Freedom Mobile customers. In August 2023, Rogers implemented 5G wireless service at all the TTC's downtown stations and within the tunnels between them.<ref name="TheStar-2023-09-11" /> In September 2023, the federal government imposed new licence conditions requiring that cellphone and data services be available on the entire subway network by the end of 2026 and that all carriers, including Telus and Bell, were to have access to it.<ref name="TheStar-2023-09-11">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/business/rogers-ordered-to-open-ttc-wireless-network-to-all-carriers-minister/article_4d7ac86f-fd46-51b7-9f07-6a217cea666e.html |title=Rogers ordered to open TTC wireless network to all carriers: Minister |newspaper=Toronto Star |date=September 11, 2023 |archive-date=September 25, 2023 |access-date=September 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925153223/https://www.thestar.com/business/rogers-ordered-to-open-ttc-wireless-network-to-all-carriers-minister/article_4d7ac86f-fd46-51b7-9f07-6a217cea666e.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On October 2, 2023, Bell and Telus offered its cellular customers access to the subway's 5G system.<ref name="TheStar-2023-10-02">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/business/major-wireless-carriers-now-active-on-torontos-subway-network-after-months-of-talks/article_4fe5696d-5346-53ff-ae0e-75435be13db8.html |title=Major wireless carriers now active on Toronto's subway network after months of talks |newspaper=Toronto Star |date=October 2, 2023 |archive-date=October 2, 2023 |access-date=October 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002214932/https://www.thestar.com/business/major-wireless-carriers-now-active-on-torontos-subway-network-after-months-of-talks/article_4fe5696d-5346-53ff-ae0e-75435be13db8.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

By November 2023, wireless service had been expanded to all TTC stations and to the tunnels between Sheppard West and Vaughan Metropolitan Centre stations, but only for Rogers and Freedom customers. Bell and Telus customers continued to have wireless service at a limited number of stations.<ref name="TheStar-2023-11-17">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/business/rogers-turns-on-cell-service-at-remaining-ttc-subway-stations-for-its-own-customers/article_ea839aeb-e2ee-591f-a809-9da9a73ccba9.html?li_source=LI&li_medium=business |title=Rogers turns on cell service at remaining TTC subway stations for its own customers |newspaper=Toronto Star |date=November 17, 2023 |archive-date=November 18, 2023 |access-date=November 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118224247/https://www.thestar.com/business/rogers-turns-on-cell-service-at-remaining-ttc-subway-stations-for-its-own-customers/article_ea839aeb-e2ee-591f-a809-9da9a73ccba9.html?li_source=LI&li_medium=business |url-status=live }}</ref> In December 2023, Telus and Bell reached a deal with Rogers to provide their customers the same subway wireless services as Rogers and Freedom customers.<ref name="TheStar-2023-12-15">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/business/rogers-reaches-deal-with-rival-carriers-on-ttc-wireless-access/article_fcf3372a-eba3-55f7-84bd-87eb8bf8ae40.html |title=Rogers reaches deal with rival carriers on TTC wireless access |newspaper=Toronto Star |date=December 15, 2023 |archive-date=December 24, 2023 |access-date=December 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224193228/https://www.thestar.com/business/rogers-reaches-deal-with-rival-carriers-on-ttc-wireless-access/article_fcf3372a-eba3-55f7-84bd-87eb8bf8ae40.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Rogers and the TTC decided to end TConnect, the free public Wi-Fi service, on December 27, 2024, due to low usage, the lack of security, the slow speed, and the cost of upgrading it.<ref name="TheStar-2024-09-12">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/rogers-ttc-ending-free-wi-fi-in-subway-stations-will-widen-digital-divide-say-critics/article_60d47c0a-6165-11ef-aaaf-83a300ab44aa.html |title=Rogers, TTC ending free Wi-Fi in subway stations will widen 'digital divide', say critics |newspaper=Toronto Star |date=September 12, 2024 |archive-date=September 13, 2024 |access-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913003921/https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/rogers-ttc-ending-free-wi-fi-in-subway-stations-will-widen-digital-divide-say-critics/article_60d47c0a-6165-11ef-aaaf-83a300ab44aa.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="TheStar-2024-12-20">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/ttc-sets-date-for-when-its-free-wi-fi-goes-offline-as-rogers-continues-5g/article_4166654c-bee7-11ef-85c0-cb3a37522f66.html |title=TTC sets date for when its free Wi-Fi goes offline as Rogers continues 5G rollout at subway stations |newspaper=Toronto Star |date=December 20, 2024 |archive-date=December 23, 2024 |access-date=December 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241223013151/https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/ttc-sets-date-for-when-its-free-wi-fi-goes-offline-as-rogers-continues-5g/article_4166654c-bee7-11ef-85c0-cb3a37522f66.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Wireless services==== Rogers 5G wireless service is available in all underground stations for customers of Rogers, Freedom Mobile, Telus and Bell, but service access between stations is limited. 5G wireless service is available in open sections, as well as between Bloor–Yonge and Dupont stations on Line 1, and between {{stl|TTC|Castle Frank}} and Keele stations on Line 2. 5G service is also available in the tunnels between Sheppard West and Vaughan Metropolitan Centre stations.<ref name="TheStar-2023-11-17" /><ref name="TheStar-2023-12-15" /> Wireless service is available to customers of Rogers, Freedom Mobile, Bell and Telus (including flanker brands of these companies such as Koodo and Virgin Plus).<ref name="TheStar-2023-10-02" /> This wireless service is not free, and users require a subscription from one of the four aforementioned carriers, given the lack of subsidized wireless plans in Ontario.<ref name="TheStar-2024-09-12" /> Line 5 Eglinton also has cellular coverage in its stations and tunnels.<ref>https://mobilesyrup.com/2026/02/10/freedom-mobile-toronto-line-5-signal/</ref>

===Naming=== [[File:Rosedale TTC 2.jpg|thumb|Rosedale station bears the name of the neighbourhood (Rosedale) in which it is located.]] The TTC considers multiple factors when naming stations and stops, such as local landmarks, the location's cross streets, distinct communities of the past and present in the vicinity of the location, names of other stations and stops in the system, and the grade of the station or stop infrastructure.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Commission_meetings/2015/November_23/Reports/Eglinton_Line_Station_Names__Combined_Report.pdf |title=Eglinton Line Station Names Combined Report |date=November 23, 2015 |publisher=Toronto Transit Commission |access-date=July 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117045634/https://www.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Commission_meetings/2015/November_23/Reports/Eglinton_Line_Station_Names__Combined_Report.pdf | archive-date=November 17, 2015}}</ref>

Metrolinx uses five criteria for naming stations and stops. These are:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.metrolinxengage.com/en/engagement-initiatives/stop-naming-finch-west-lrt |title=Stop Naming Finch West LRT |website=Metrolinx Engage |agency=Metrolinx |access-date=July 2, 2018 |archive-date=August 22, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822162043/https://www.metrolinxengage.com/en/engagement-initiatives/stop-naming-finch-west-lrt |url-status=dead}}</ref> # Simplicity # Names must be logical and relevant to the area the station is built in # Names should be relevant for the life of the station # Names should help passengers locate themselves within the region # Uniqueness [[File:SheppardYonge.jpg|thumb|Sheppard–Yonge station bears the name of the nearby intersection of Sheppard Avenue and Yonge Street. This station was formerly known as Sheppard station but was renamed in 2002 when Line 4 Sheppard opened.]] Metrolinx uses the word "stop" in place of "station" at 10 of the 25 stations along the first phase of Line 5 Eglinton located on street-running sections.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thecrosstown.ca/stations_stops |title=Stations and Stops |website=Eglinton Crosstown |publisher=Metrolinx |access-date=July 2, 2018 |archive-date=January 14, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114172547/http://thecrosstown.ca/stations_stops |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Rolling stock== {{Main|Toronto subway rolling stock}}

The following table shows the vehicle type by line:<ref name="TTC-2017-01-08">{{cite web |url=http://ttc.ca/PDF/Transit_Planning/Service_Summary_2017-01-08.pdf |title=Service Summary |publisher=Toronto Transit Commission |date=January 8, 2017 |access-date=January 21, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327085750/http://ttc.ca/PDF/Transit_Planning/Service_Summary_2017-01-08.pdf |archive-date=March 27, 2019}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- valign="top" ! Line ! Vehicle ! Number of cars ! Cars per train ! Passenger capacity per train |- | {{rail-interchange|toronto|1}} Yonge–University | Toronto Rocket (TR) | 456<ref name="TTC-2017-01-08" /> | 6<ref name="TTC-2013">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Operating_Statistics/2013.jsp |title=2013 TTC Operating Statistics |publisher=Toronto Transit Commission |date=December 31, 2013 |access-date=January 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213234803/https://www.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Operating_Statistics/2013.jsp | archive-date=February 13, 2015}}</ref> | 1080<ref name="TTC-2013" /> |- | {{rail-interchange|toronto|2}} Bloor–Danforth | T series (T1) | 370<ref name="TTC-2017-01-08" /> | 6<ref name="TTC-2013" /> | 1000<ref name="TTC-2013" /> |- | {{rail-interchange|toronto|4}} Sheppard | Toronto Rocket (TR) | 24<ref name="TTC-2017-01-08" /> | 4<ref name="CBC-2016-05-30">{{cite web |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/sheppard-subway-line-gets-new-toronto-rocket-trains-1.3607811 |title=Sheppard subway line gets new Toronto Rocket trains |publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |date=May 30, 2016 |access-date=January 15, 2017 |archive-date=October 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004152256/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/sheppard-subway-line-gets-new-toronto-rocket-trains-1.3607811 |url-status=live }}</ref> | 720{{efn|4-car TR train capacity prorated from the capacity of the 6-car TR train.}} |- | {{rail-interchange|toronto|5}} Eglinton | Flexity Freedom | 76<ref name="TheStar-2016-07-20">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2016/07/20/metrolinx-threatens-legal-action-over-late-delivery-of-light-rail-vehicles.html |title=Metrolinx threatens legal action over late delivery of light rail vehicles |newspaper=Toronto Star |first=Ben |last=Spurr |date=July 20, 2016 |access-date=July 20, 2016 |archive-date=July 20, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160720112525/https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2016/07/20/metrolinx-threatens-legal-action-over-late-delivery-of-light-rail-vehicles.html |url-status=live }}</ref> | 2<ref name="CrosstownInfographic" /> | 163–490<ref name="CrosstownInfographic">{{cite web |url=http://www.thecrosstown.ca/the-project/fact-sheets/crosstown-infographic |title=Crosstown Infographic |publisher=Metrolinx |access-date=January 17, 2017 |archive-date=January 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118215250/http://www.thecrosstown.ca/the-project/fact-sheets/crosstown-infographic |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | {{rail-interchange|toronto|6}} Finch West | Citadis Spirit<ref name="cbcalstom">{{Cite web |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/metrolinx-alstom-bombardier-1.4111844 |title=Metrolinx to buy vehicles from Bombardier competitor as backup plan for Eglinton Crosstown |publisher=CBC |website=CBC News |access-date=July 1, 2018 |archive-date=January 6, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106072710/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/metrolinx-alstom-bombardier-1.4111844 |url-status=live }}</ref> | 17<ref name="cbcalstom" /> | 1 | 336<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.metrolinx.com/en/projectsandprograms/lrv/lrv.aspx |title=Citidis Spirit Light Rail Vehicle |agency=Metrolinx |access-date=July 1, 2018 |archive-date=July 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701111611/http://www.metrolinx.com/en/projectsandprograms/lrv/lrv.aspx |url-status=dead}}</ref> |} ===Heavy rail stock=== [[File:Davisville TTC Rocket 5836 d40.JPG|right|thumb|The Toronto Rocket is the newest heavy rail subway train used by the TTC.]] Line 1 Yonge–University and Line 4 Sheppard operate using the newest version of Toronto's subway cars, the Toronto Rocket, while Line 2 Bloor–Danforth uses the older T1 subway trains.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kalinowski |first=Tess |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/ttc/article/949028--so-what-happened-to-those-ttc-improvements?bn=1 |title=So what happened to those TTC improvements? |newspaper=Toronto Star |date=March 4, 2011 |access-date=March 31, 2012 |archive-date=October 23, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023173651/http://www.thestar.com/news/ttc/article/949028--so-what-happened-to-those-ttc-improvements?bn=1 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The TTC's original G-series cars were manufactured by the Gloucester Railway Carriage and Wagon Company. All subsequent heavy-rail subway cars were manufactured by Bombardier Transportation or one of its predecessors (Montreal Locomotive Works, Hawker Siddeley, and UTDC). All cars starting with the Hawker Siddeley H series in 1965 have been built in Bombardier's Thunder Bay, Ontario, plant. The final H4 subway cars were retired on January 27, 2012.<ref>{{cite news |last=Tapper |first=Josh |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/article/1122784--north-america-s-longest-running-subway-car-takes-final-journey?bn=1 |title=Long-running subway car takes final journey |newspaper=Toronto Star |date=January 27, 2012 |access-date=March 31, 2012 |archive-date=January 31, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120131023633/http://www.thestar.com/news/article/1122784--north-america-s-longest-running-subway-car-takes-final-journey?bn=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> This was followed by the retirement of the H5 subway cars, which had their final in-service trip on June 14, 2013, and the H6 retirement, which followed one year later with a final run on June 20, 2014.

Following the introduction of the Toronto Rocket trains on Lines 1 and 4, all the T1 trains were moved to Line 2. The T1s were expected to last until 2026.<ref name="TTC-2015-06-22" /><ref name="Coupler-2019-04" /> By the end of 2019, the TTC had considered an overhaul to extend the T1 fleet's life by 10 years<ref name="TTC-2019-12-16" /> at an estimated cost of $100 million.<ref name="G&M-2022-10-18" /> {{as of|2022}}, the TTC planned to overhaul the T1 fleet if newer trains could not be delivered in time.<ref name="G&M-2022-10-18">{{cite news |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-torontos-parks-transit-and-roads-are-falling-apart-can-the-next-mayor/ |title=Toronto's parks, transit and roads are falling apart. Can the next mayor stop their decline before it gets worse? |newspaper=The Globe and Mail |first=Oliver |last=Moore |date=October 18, 2022 |quote=The TTC does have a stopgap solution if it can't buy those subway cars in time: Find $100-million and use it to extend the life of existing trains from 30 to 40 years.}}</ref>

In January 2026, Alstom was awarded a contract valued at $2.3 billion to supply 70 six-car Metropolis subway trains. The new fleet will primarily replace trains on Line 2, with additional units allocated for planned Line 1 and 2 extensions. The trains will be assembled in Thunder Bay, Ontario, and tested in Kingston, Ontario.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-15 |title=Alstom to provide New Subway Train (NST) fleet for Toronto's subway |url=https://www.alstom.com/press-releases-news/2026/1/alstom-provide-new-subway-train-nst-fleet-torontos-subway |access-date=2026-01-16 |website=Alstom |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260117005826/https://www.alstom.com/press-releases-news/2026/1/alstom-provide-new-subway-train-nst-fleet-torontos-subway |archive-date=2026-01-17 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Driverless train stock=== The Ontario Line will use standard-gauge train sets smaller than those used on Lines 1, 2, and 4. By using driverless trains with automatic train control (ATC), Metrolinx expects the line to be as frequent as the existing subway lines despite using smaller, lighter trains. In conjunction with ATC, stations will have platform screen doors for safety, also allowing riders to exit and enter trains more quickly.<ref name="Metrolinx-2019/09/172">{{cite web |date=September 17, 2019 |title=Ontario Line: A world of role models available for subway planners |url=https://blog.metrolinx.com/2019/09/17/a-world-of-role-models-available-for-ontario-line-subway-planners/ |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124005906/https://blog.metrolinx.com/2019/09/17/a-world-of-role-models-available-for-ontario-line-subway-planners/ |archivedate=November 24, 2021 |publisher=Metrolinx}}</ref> The trains will be manufactured by Hitachi Rail, similar to trains in Copenhagen or Rome.<ref name=":32">{{Cite web |title=Contract Awarded for Ontario Line RSSOM Package |url=https://www.infrastructureontario.ca/Contract-Awarded-Ontario-Line-Rolling-Stock-Systems-Operation-Maintenance/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124183813/https://www.infrastructureontario.ca/Contract-Awarded-Ontario-Line-Rolling-Stock-Systems-Operation-Maintenance/ |archive-date=November 24, 2022 |access-date=November 22, 2022 |website=www.infrastructureontario.ca |language=en}}</ref>

===Light metro stock=== [[File:Trainkennedytoronto.JPG|thumb|An S-series train leaving Kennedy station on Line 3 Scarborough in 2013. The S series was used exclusively on Line 3. The train was photographed in its original livery that was used between 1985 and 2015.]] Line 3 Scarborough used 28 S-series trains built by the Urban Transportation Development Corporation (UTDC) in Millhaven, Ontario. These Intermediate Capacity Transit System (ICTS) trains were Mark I models, similar in design to the original trains found on the Vancouver SkyTrain and the Detroit People Mover. These were the original vehicles on the line and were in service from the line's opening in 1985 to its closure in 2023. Because of the trains' age, they were refurbished for operation and initially intended to last until the extension of Line 2 Bloor–Danforth was built. In February 2021, the TTC announced plans to accelerate the retirement of Line 3, intending to close it in 2023. This was due to delays in planning and construction of the Line 2 extension (which was then projected to open in 2030 at the earliest) along with the increasing difficulty of performing critical maintenance work on the trains.<ref name="SRT-Future">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/about-the-ttc/projects-and-plans/Future-of-Line-3-Scarborough |website=Toronto Transit Commission |title=The future of TTC's Line 3 Scarborough (SRT) |access-date=July 26, 2021 |archive-date=September 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901021026/https://www.ttc.ca/about-the-ttc/projects-and-plans/Future-of-Line-3-Scarborough |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=SRT Life Extension Project Options Analysis |url=https://www.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Commission_meetings/2021/February_10/Reports/9_SRT_Life_Extension_Project_Options_Analysis.pdf |publisher=Toronto Transit Commission |date=February 10, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204171011/https://www.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Commission_meetings/2021/February_10/Reports/9_SRT_Life_Extension_Project_Options_Analysis.pdf | archive-date=February 4, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Westoll |first1=Nick |title=TTC board votes to replace Line 3 Scarborough RT with new, express bus services as of 2023 |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/7632885/ttc-board-line-3-scarborough-rt-closure/ |access-date=July 26, 2021 |work=Global News |date=February 10, 2021}}</ref> Following an initial temporary closure owing to a derailment in July 2023, the TTC decided in August 2023 not to reopen the line.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harvey |first=Lex |date=August 24, 2023 |title=TTC ends Scarborough RT service permanently |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/ttc-ends-scarborough-rt-service-permanently/article_1a402fc5-26b7-56d5-b564-128240e747c0.html |access-date=August 24, 2023 |website=Toronto Star |language=en |archive-date=August 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824204218/https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/ttc-ends-scarborough-rt-service-permanently/article_1a402fc5-26b7-56d5-b564-128240e747c0.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The TTC proposed selling some of these trains to the Detroit People Mover, which uses a similar technology in December 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 20, 2023 |title=Toronto near deal to sell Scarborough RT cars to Detroit |url=https://www.trains.com/trn/news-reviews/news-wire/toronto-near-deal-to-sell-scarborough-rt-cars-to-detroit/ |access-date=December 21, 2023 |website=Trains |language=en-US |archive-date=December 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221023853/https://www.trains.com/trn/news-reviews/news-wire/toronto-near-deal-to-sell-scarborough-rt-cars-to-detroit/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The sale was finalized in June 2024, with repairs and upgrades paid by the Detroit People Mover.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rahal |first=Sarah |title=New railcars are coming to the Detroit People Mover from Toronto |url=https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2024/06/10/new-railcars-coming-detroit-people-mover-from-toronto/74046078007/ |access-date=June 11, 2024 |website=The Detroit News |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Light rail stock=== [[File:Line 6 Citadis Spirit LRT at Martin Grove Station, December 7 2025 (02).jpg|thumb|Citadis Spirit LRV at Martin Grove stop on Line 6 Finch West]] Line 5 Eglinton operates using 76 Flexity Freedom low-floor, light-rail vehicles (LRVs) owned by Metrolinx.<ref name="full fleet">{{cite web |title=Full fleet of Crosstown LRT vehicles testing new route |url=https://www.metrolinx.com/en/discover/full-fleet-of-crosstown-lrt-vehicles-testing-new-route |website=www.metrolinx.com |access-date=18 December 2025 |language=en |date=29 March 2022}}</ref> Due to delivery delays from Bombardier, Metrolinx reduced the order for Flexity Freedom vehicles and instead uses 17 Citadis Spirit vehicles on Line 6 Finch West.<ref name="TheStar-2017-05-13">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2017/05/13/how-do-ttcs-streetcar-options-compare-its-bombardier-versus-alstom.html |title=How do TTC's streetcar options compare? It's Bombardier versus Alstom |newspaper=Toronto Star |first=Ben |last=Spurr |date=May 13, 2017 |access-date=May 13, 2017 |archive-date=June 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142349/https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2017/05/13/how-do-ttcs-streetcar-options-compare-its-bombardier-versus-alstom.html |url-status=live }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Comparison of light rail vehicles<ref name="TheStar-2017-05-13" /> |- ! Vehicle !! Citadis Spirit!! Flexity Freedom |- | Length | {{convert|48.4|m|abbr=on}} | {{convert|31.9|m|abbr=on}} |- | Maximum capacity | 292 | 164 |- | Maximum speed | {{convert|100|km/h|abbr=on}} | {{convert|80|km/h|abbr=on}} |}

==Technology== {| class="wikitable" |- valign="top" ! Technology ! Lines used ! Vehicle floor type ! Track gauge ! Line voltage ! Electrical feed ! Electrical pickup |- | Heavy rail | {{rail-interchange|toronto|1}} {{rail-interchange|toronto|2}} {{rail-interchange|toronto|4}} | High floor | {{Track gauge|toronto|allk=on}} | 600 V DC | Third rail | Bogie-mounted shoe |- | Light rail | {{rail-interchange|toronto|5}} {{rail-interchange|toronto|6}} | Low floor |{{Track gauge|sg|al=on}} | 750 V DC | Overhead wire | Roof-mounted pantograph |}

The heavy rail lines have some characteristics in common: such lines are fully isolated from road traffic and pedestrians; the station platforms are covered, and the trains are boarded through many doors from high platforms within a fare-paid zone separated by faregates.

In contrast, the surface portions of the light rail lines (Lines 5 and 6) fit into the street environment. Light-rail tracks are located on the surface within reserved lanes in the middle of the street, and cross street intersections at grade. Surface stations have simple, low-level platforms. However, like heavy rail and light metro, passengers board and alight the light rail trains by multiple doors.<ref name="CrosstownStations">{{cite web |url=http://www.thecrosstown.ca/stations_stops |title=Stations and Stops |publisher=Metrolinx |access-date=January 27, 2017 |archive-date=January 14, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114172547/http://thecrosstown.ca/stations_stops |url-status=live }}</ref>

Line 3 Scarborough, a light metro, used a more complex technology than heavy rail, which a TTC document describes as follows: :Track is the 5 rail system on direct fixation and car is powered by an induction or "reaction rail" situated between the running rails at the same top of rail elevation. There are two side contacting power rails +300V and −300V respectively situated a distance of about 14 in. from the closest gauge line of one running rail.<ref name="TTC-2015-04-28">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/TTC_Business/Materials_and_procurement/Ads_PandS/PDF%20Files/Request%20for%20Information%20Rail%20Mailing%20Services%20-%20R31CA15135.pdf |title=Request for Information (RFI) For Rail Milling Services RFI No. R31CA15135 |publisher=Toronto Transit Commission |date=April 28, 2015 |access-date=June 8, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014083958/https://www.ttc.ca/TTC_Business/Materials_and_procurement/Ads_PandS/PDF%20Files/Request%20for%20Information%20Rail%20Mailing%20Services%20-%20R31CA15135.pdf | archive-date=October 14, 2017}}</ref>

==Signals== {{Main|Toronto subway signals}}

===Heavy rail=== {{see also|Line 1 Yonge–University#Automatic train control}} thumb|upright|An interlocking signal used along Lines 2 and 4 and formerly along Line 1 Fixed-block signalling was originally used on Toronto's first subway line in 1954 and was the first signalling system used on Lines 2 and 4.<ref name="line1atc">{{cite web |last1=Kalinowski |first1=Tess |title=TTC signal solution promises subway relief someday — but for now, it's more delays |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/transportation/2014/11/20/ttc_signal_solution_promises_subway_relief_someday_but_for_now_its_more_delays.html |website=Toronto Star |access-date=November 29, 2015 |date=November 20, 2014 |archive-date=November 20, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120071313/http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/transportation/2014/11/20/ttc_signal_solution_promises_subway_relief_someday_but_for_now_its_more_delays.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Royson |first1=James |title=Driverless Toronto needs driverless trains: James |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/city_hall/2014/02/08/driverless_toronto_needs_driverless_trains_james.html |website=Toronto Star |access-date=November 29, 2015 |date=February 8, 2014 |archive-date=December 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208065254/http://www.thestar.com/news/city_hall/2014/02/08/driverless_toronto_needs_driverless_trains_james.html |url-status=live }}</ref> {{As of|2022|post=,}} Lines 2 and 4 use fixed-block signalling but Line 1 no longer does. Fixed-block signalling uses automatic signalling to prevent rear-end train collisions, while interlocking signals are used to prevent collisions from conflicting movements on track crossovers.

{{As of|2022|09|24|df=US}}, automatic train control (ATC) has been implemented along the entire length of Line 1.<ref name="TTC-2022-09-29">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/news/2022/September/TTCs-Line-1-now-running-on-an-ATC-signalling-system |title=TTC's Line 1 now running on an ATC signalling system |publisher=Toronto Transit Commission |date=September 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929194155/https://www.ttc.ca/news/2022/September/TTCs-Line-1-now-running-on-an-ATC-signalling-system | archive-date=September 29, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2009, the TTC awarded a contract to Alstom to upgrade the signalling system of the existing section of Line 1, as well as equip its extension into Vaughan, with moving block–based communications-based train control (CBTC) by 2012.<ref name="AlstomCBTCAward">{{cite news |last1=Vantuono |first1=William |title=Alstom lands CBTC contract in Toronto |url=https://www.railwayage.com/news/alstom-lands-cbtc-contract-in-toronto/ |access-date=December 8, 2018 |work=RailwayAge |publisher=Simmons-Boardman Publishing Inc. |date=May 5, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506011052/https://www.railwayage.com/news/alstom-lands-cbtc-contract-in-toronto/ | archive-date=May 6, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> The estimated cost to implement ATC on Line 1 was $562{{nbsp}}million, $424{{nbsp}}million of which was funded by Metrolinx.<ref name="line1atc" /> The first section of the "Urbalis 400" ATC system on Line 1 entered revenue service on December 17, 2017, between Sheppard West and Vaughan stations, in conjunction with the opening of the Toronto–York Spadina subway extension (TYSSE) project.<ref name="AlstomExtension">{{cite web |title=Alstom's signalling system equips Toronto subway extension |url=https://www.alstom.com/press-releases-news/2017/12/alstoms-signalling-system-equips-toronto-subway-extension |website=Alstom |access-date=December 8, 2018 |format=Press release |date=December 18, 2017 |archive-date=December 9, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209124617/https://www.alstom.com/press-releases-news/2017/12/alstoms-signalling-system-equips-toronto-subway-extension |url-status=live }}</ref>

The benefits of ATC on Line 1 are: * a reduced headway between trains from 2.5 minutes to 2 minutes during rush hours, allowing a 25 percent increase in the number of trains that can operate<ref name="line1atc" /> * fewer signal-related delays relative to the old fixed-block system<ref name="TTC-2022-09-29" /> * more efficient use of electricity, thus reducing operational costs<ref name="TTC-2022-09-29" /> * allowing single-track, bidirectional operation for trains in passenger service, albeit with reduced frequency, to allow for off-hour maintenance of the opposite track<ref name="TTC-2020-04-27">{{cite web |url=http://www.ttc.ca/Service_Advisories/Subway_closures/Apr_27-30_VMC-Pioneer_Village.jsp |title=Line 1: Vaughan Metropolitan Centre to Pioneer Village single-track operation April 27 to 30 |publisher=Toronto Transit Commission |date=April 27, 2020 |access-date=April 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200429185950/http://www.ttc.ca/Service_Advisories/Subway_closures/Apr_27-30_VMC-Pioneer_Village.jsp | archive-date=April 29, 2020}}</ref><ref name="TTC-2022-06-04">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/service-advisories/subway-service/1-Line-1-Yonge-University-Wilson-to-Lawrence-West-single-track-operation-June-4-and-5---REVISED |title=Line 1 (Yonge-University)–Wilson to Lawrence West single track operation June 4 and 5 – REVISED |publisher=Toronto Transit Commission |accessdate=June 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605004739/https://www.ttc.ca/service-advisories/subway-service/1-Line-1-Yonge-University-Wilson-to-Lawrence-West-single-track-operation-June-4-and-5---REVISED | archive-date=June 5, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="TTC-2022-06-05">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/service-alerts |title=Service alerts |publisher=Toronto Transit Commission |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605213415/https://www.ttc.ca/service-alerts |accessdate=June 5, 2022 |archive-date=June 5, 2022 |quote=Line 1: Today, trains between Wilson and Lawrence West stations will alternate use of the northbound track to accommodate work on the southbound track. Customers may experience longer than normal wait times.}}</ref>

The TTC has plans to convert Line 2 to ATC by 2030, subject to the availability of funding.<ref name="TheStar-2017-11-06">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/transportation/2017/11/06/ttc-test-of-new-signalling-system-exceeded-expectations.html |title=TTC test of new signalling system 'exceeded expectations' |newspaper=Toronto Star |first=Ben |last=Spurr |date=November 6, 2017 |access-date=November 8, 2017 |archive-date=August 23, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823072849/https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/transportation/2017/11/06/ttc-test-of-new-signalling-system-exceeded-expectations.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Driverless train === The future Ontario Line will use automatic train control with driverless trains. Its stations will be equipped with platform screen doors.<ref name="Metrolinx-2019/09/17">{{cite web |url=https://blog.metrolinx.com/2019/09/17/a-world-of-role-models-available-for-ontario-line-subway-planners/ |title=Ontario Line: A world of role models available for subway planners |publisher=Metrolinx |date=September 17, 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124005906/https://blog.metrolinx.com/2019/09/17/a-world-of-role-models-available-for-ontario-line-subway-planners/ | archivedate=November 24, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Light rail=== Line 5 Eglinton uses Bombardier Transportation's Cityflo 650 CBTC automatic train control on the underground section of the line between Laird station and Mount Dennis station, along with the Eglinton Maintenance and Storage Facility adjacent to Mount Dennis station.<ref name="SteveMunro7020">{{cite web |author-link=Steve Munro |last=Munro |first=Steve |url=http://stevemunro.ca/2013/06/17/metrolinx-announces-design-changes-and-public-meetings-on-eglinton-lrt/ |title=Metrolinx Announces Design Changes and Public Meetings on Eglinton LRT (Update 8) |publisher=Steve Munro |date=June 17, 2013 |access-date=June 17, 2013 |archive-date=March 4, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150304012121/http://stevemunro.ca/2013/06/17/metrolinx-announces-design-changes-and-public-meetings-on-eglinton-lrt/ |quote=Metrolinx intends to use automatic train control on the underground section of Eglinton, and the yard access will be part of the ATC territory.}}</ref>

===Former light metro=== Line 3 Scarborough was equipped with automatic train control from the outset, using the same SelTrac IS system as Vancouver's SkyTrain, meaning it could be operated autonomously. However, the TTC opted to equip each S-series train with an operator on board for door monitoring.<ref name="TT-5107" />

==Track== {{see also|Toronto-gauge railways}} [[File:On track to Eglinton West TTC.jpg|thumb|Southbound train in the median of Allen Road towards Eglinton West station in 2010. Subway tracks in Toronto were built to {{Track gauge|4ft10.875in|lk=on}}, the same gauge used by the TTC's streetcar system.]] Lines 1, 2 and 4{{Snd}}the heavy-rail lines{{Snd}}run on tracks built to the Toronto gauge of {{Track gauge|4ft10.875in}}, the same gauge used on the Toronto streetcar system. According to rail historians John F. Bromley and Jack May, the reason that the Yonge subway was built to the streetcar gauge was that between 1954 and 1965, subway bogies were maintained at the Hillcrest Complex, where the streetcar gauge was used for shop tracks. The Davisville Carhouse was not equipped to perform such heavy maintenance, and the bogies would be loaded onto a specially built track trailer for shipment between Davisville and Hillcrest. This practice ceased with the opening of the shops at the Greenwood Yard in 1965.<ref name="50YPT-9"> {{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/torontosketches70000file/page/85 |title=50 Years of Progressive Transit |first1=John F. |last1=Bromley and |first2=Jack |last2=May |publisher=Electric Railroaders' Association |pages=[https://archive.org/details/torontosketches70000file/page/85 85,107] |year=1973 |access-date=August 31, 2016 |isbn=9781550024487 |quote=Chapter 9 - Subway City; Chapter 11 - The Crosstown Subway}}</ref>

Line 3 Scarborough used standard-gauge tracks, as the ICTS design for the line did not allow for the interchange of rail equipment between the traditional subway system and Line 3.<ref name="tt-4002">{{cite web |url=http://transit.toronto.on.ca/streetcar/4002.shtml |title=Frequently Asked Questions About Toronto's Streetcars |work=Transit Toronto |access-date=May 4, 2014 |archive-date=July 11, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140711194448/http://transit.toronto.on.ca/streetcar/4002.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> When its ICTS vehicles needed anything more than basic service (which could be carried out at the McCowan Yard), they were carried by truck to the Greenwood Subway Yard.<ref name="TT-5302">{{cite web |url=http://transit.toronto.on.ca/subway/5302.shtml |title=The Greenwood Subway Yards |publisher=Transit Toronto |first1=Aaron |last1=Adel |first2=James |last2=Bow |date=June 25, 2015 |access-date=December 13, 2016 |archive-date=July 17, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717002151/http://transit.toronto.on.ca/subway/5302.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Line 5 Eglinton and Line 6 Finch West light rail lines were constructed using standard-gauge tracks. The projects received large parts of their funding from the Ontario provincial transit authority Metrolinx, who wanted to have a degree of commonality with other similar projects within Ontario to ensure a better price for purchasing vehicles.<ref name="Star-2010-01-06">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/transportation/article/746626--transit-city-measures-up-to-international-standard |title=Transit City measures up to international standard |newspaper=Toronto Star |date=January 6, 2010 |access-date=October 4, 2014 |archive-date=October 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019162046/http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/transportation/article/746626--transit-city-measures-up-to-international-standard |url-status=live }}</ref> The Ontario Line subway will similarly be built to standard gauge.

==Facilities== The subway system has the following yards to provide storage, maintenance and cleaning for rolling stock. All yards are located above ground, though the Keele Yard is partially underground. [[File:Greenwood Yard (3575320440).jpg|thumb|T-series trains being overhauled at Greenwood Yard, one of several rail yards operated by the TTC]] {| class="wikitable" |- ! Facilities ! Opened ! Lines<br />served ! Remarks |- |Davisville Yard | 1954 | {{rail-interchange|toronto|1}} {{rail-interchange|toronto|4}} | |- | Eglinton {{abbr|MSF|Maintenance and Storage Facility}} | 2026 | {{rint|toronto|5}} | |- | Finch {{abbr|MSF|Maintenance and Storage Facility}} | 2025 | {{rint|toronto|6}} | |- | Greenwood Yard | 1966 | {{rail-interchange|toronto|2}} | |- | Keele Yard | 1966–1978; 2017 | {{rail-interchange|toronto|2}} | Closed in 1978; reopened June 18, 2017<ref name="TTC-2017-05-24">{{cite web |url=https://swanboatsteve.files.wordpress.com/2017/06/20170524_ttc-notice-keele-yard.pdf |title=Keele Yard reopens to operation |publisher=Toronto Transit Commission |date=May 24, 2017 |access-date=May 30, 2018 |archive-date=November 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107031046/https://swanboatsteve.files.wordpress.com/2017/06/20170524_ttc-notice-keele-yard.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | McCowan Yard | 1985–2023 | {{rail-interchange|toronto|3}} | Line decommissioned |- | Wilson Yard | 1977 | {{rail-interchange|toronto|1}} | |} In the second quarter of 2018, the City of Toronto moved to expropriate Canadian Pacific Railway's disused Obico Yard at 30 Newbridge Road / 36 North Queen Street in Etobicoke for use as a potential future yard at the western end of Line 2 Bloor–Danforth.<ref>"Expropriation of 30 Newbridge Road and 36 North Queen Street" (PDF). ''City of Toronto''. April 18, 2018.</ref> The yard is situated immediately to the southwest of Kipling station, the western terminus of Line 2.

==Safety== [[File:High Park TTC DWA.JPG|thumb|Designated waiting area at High Park station with a passenger intercom if TTC staff or security needs to be contacted]] There are several safety systems for use by passengers in emergencies: [[File:Bayview TTC 16061348698.jpg|thumb|A public payphone at a designated waiting area in Bayview station]] * Emergency alarms (formerly "Passenger assistance alarms"): Located throughout all subway trains{{Snd}}When the yellow strip is pressed, an audible alarm is activated within the car, a notification is sent to the train crew and the Transit Control Centre, which in turn dispatches a tiered response. An orange light is activated on the outside of the car with the alarm for emergency personnel to see where the problem is.<ref name="Security">{{cite web |url=http://www3.ttc.ca/Riding_the_TTC/Safety_and_Security/Security_features.jsp |title=Security features |publisher=Toronto Transit Commission |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111017125915/http://www3.ttc.ca/Riding_the_TTC/Safety_and_Security/Security_features.jsp |archive-date=October 17, 2011}}</ref> * Emergency power cut devices: Marked by a blue light, located at both ends of each subway platform{{Snd}}For use to cut DC traction power in the event a person falls or is observed at track level or any emergency where train movement into the station would be dangerous. These devices cut power in both directions for approximately one station each way.<ref name="Emergency">{{cite web |url=http://www3.ttc.ca/Riding_the_TTC/Safety_and_Security/What_to_do_in_an_emergency.jsp |title=What to do in an emergency |publisher=Toronto Transit Commission |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217053617/http://www3.ttc.ca/Riding_the_TTC/Safety_and_Security/What_to_do_in_an_emergency.jsp |archive-date=February 17, 2011}}</ref> * Emergency stopping mechanisms (PGEV: passenger/guard emergency valve): Located at each end on Line 2 subway cars, will activate the emergency brakes of the vehicle stopping it in its current location (for use in extreme emergencies, such as persons trapped in doors as train departs station, doors opening in the tunnel, derailments etc.)<ref name="Emergency" /> * Passenger intercoms: Located on subway platforms and near/in elevators in stations{{Snd}}For use to inform station collector of security/life safety issues<ref name="Security" /> * Automated external defibrillators (AEDs): Located in several subway stations near collector booths{{Snd}}For use in the event someone suffers cardiac arrest * Public telephones: Located in various locations in all stations, and at the Designated Waiting Area's on each subway platform. Emergency calls can be made to 911 toll free.<ref name="Security" /> Phones located at the DWAs also include a "Crisis Link" button that connect callers, free of charge, to a 24-hour crisis line in the event that they are contemplating self-harm. Bell Canada operates these phones.

Stations with high platforms have a crawl space under the platform edge, which the TTC recommends that a person who has fallen onto the track use to avoid an oncoming train. Lying flat between the two rails is not recommended due to shallow clearances. The platform edge has a yellow strip behind which passengers should wait to avoid a fall.<ref name="TheStar-2022/04/18">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2022/04/18/what-you-should-do-if-you-find-yourself-in-the-path-of-a-ttc-subway-train.html |title=What you should do if you find yourself in the path of a TTC subway train |newspaper=Toronto Star |first=Ben |last=Spurr |date=April 18, 2022 |archive-date=April 19, 2022 |access-date=April 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220419210909/https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2022/04/18/what-you-should-do-if-you-find-yourself-in-the-path-of-a-ttc-subway-train.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Stations do not have platform screen doors, a feature which for Lines 1, 2 and 4 would require station modification, automatic train control (ATC) and a $1.35-billion investment, which is not funded {{as of|2022|lc=y}}.<ref name="TheStar-2022/04/18" /> ATC is needed to stop trains at a precise position along the platform to line up train doors with platform doors.<ref name="TheStar-2018-06-19" /> {{As of|2022|09|24|df=US|since=yes}}, ATC has been activated along the entire length of Line 1; thus, it would be possible to install platform screen doors along Line 1.<ref name="TTC-2022-09-29" /> The future Ontario Line will be built to operate with ATC and will feature platform doors from its opening.<ref name="Metrolinx-2019/09/17" /> The benefits of platform doors would be:<ref name="TheStar-2018-06-19">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2018/06/19/subway-death-renews-calls-for-ttc-to-install-platforms-barriers.html |title=Subway death renews calls for TTC to install platforms barriers |newspaper=Toronto Star |first=Ben |last=Spurr |date=June 19, 2018 |access-date=June 19, 2018 |archive-date=June 20, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620035738/https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2018/06/19/subway-death-renews-calls-for-ttc-to-install-platforms-barriers.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * Blocking those attempting suicide or trespassers from the tracks: it takes 70 to 90 minutes to resume operations each time there is a personal injury at track level * Eliminating fires from debris falling on the tracks and the third rail * Allowing trains to enter crowded stations at speed, thus speeding up service along the line

The light-rail Line 5 Eglinton uses a guideway intrusion detection system (GIDS) to detect trespassers on the tracks on the underground sections of the line. When GIDS detects a trespasser on the tracks, it issues an audio warning to the trespasser, provide live CCTV video to central control, and automatically stop the train without driver intervention. Each station is equipped with multiple GIDS scanners along the station platform. There are GIDS scanners at each tunnel portal. In addition, there are scanners within the yellow tactile strips along the platform edge to issue an audio warning if a person steps on it before the train has arrived.<ref name="Metrolinx-2022/05/31">{{cite web |url=https://blog.metrolinx.com/2022/05/31/metrolinx-enhances-platform-safety-on-eglinton-crosstown-lrt/ |title=Metrolinx enhances platform safety on Eglinton Crosstown LRT |publisher=Metrolinx |date=May 31, 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601210122/https://blog.metrolinx.com/2022/05/31/metrolinx-enhances-platform-safety-on-eglinton-crosstown-lrt/ | archivedate=June 1, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>

A trial program began in 2008 with Toronto EMS and has been expanded and made permanent, with paramedics on hand at several stations during peak hours: Spadina and Bloor–Yonge (morning peak: 7{{nbsp}}am–10{{nbsp}}am) and Union and Eglinton (evening peak: 2{{nbsp}}pm–6{{nbsp}}pm).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/news/2009/March/TTC-and-Toronto-EMS-place-more-paramedics-in-Toronto,-a-,#39;s-subway-system |title=TTC and Toronto EMS place more paramedics in Toronto's subway system |publisher=Toronto Transit Commission |date=March 20, 2009 |access-date=March 31, 2012}}</ref>

By September 2023, the TTC was making naloxone available at each subway station so that designated trained TTC staff could attempt to rescue anyone having a drug overdose. Kits containing naloxone nasal spray would be stored at station collector booths. TTC special constables would carry naloxone.<ref name="TTC-2023-09-12">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/news/2023/September/TTC-improves-access-to-naloxone-to-prevent-and-respond-to-opioid-overdose |title=TTC improves access to naloxone to prevent and respond to opioid overdose |publisher=Toronto Transit Commission |date=September 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230913000111/https://www.ttc.ca/news/2023/September/TTC-improves-access-to-naloxone-to-prevent-and-respond-to-opioid-overdose | archive-date=September 13, 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Training== Subway operators begin their training at Hillcrest with a virtual reality mockup of a Toronto Rocket car. The simulator consists of the operator cab with full functions, a door and partial interior of a subway car. The simulator is housed in a simulated subway tunnel. Construction of a new subway training centre was underway at the Wilson Complex, as part of the Toronto Rocket subway car program.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www3.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Commission_meetings/2008/Jul_10_2008/Supplementary_Reports/Wilson_Carhouse_Expa.pdf |title=Procurement Authorization – Wilson Carhouse Expansion – Toronto Rocket – Contract C1-34 |publisher=Toronto Transit Commission |date=July 10, 2008 |access-date=March 31, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404020546/http://www3.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Commission_meetings/2008/Jul_10_2008/Supplementary_Reports/Wilson_Carhouse_Expa.pdf | archive-date=April 4, 2012}}</ref>

==Expansion plans<span id="Expansion plans"></span>== {| class="wikitable" |+ Proposed lines and extensions |- valign="top" ! Line ! Opening ! Stations ! Length ! Technology ! Track gauge ! Electrification |- |Eglinton East LRT |2034{{efn|name=estimate-open}} |27 |{{Convert|18.6|km|mi|abbr=on}} |Light rail |Standard gauge (1,435{{nbsp}}mm) |750 V DC overhead line |- |{{rail-interchange|toronto|4}} Sheppard east extension |TBD |TBD |TBD |Heavy rail |Toronto gauge (1,495{{nbsp}}mm) |600 V DC third rail |- |{{rail-interchange|toronto|4}} Sheppard west extension |TBD |TBD |TBD |Heavy rail |Toronto gauge (1,495{{nbsp}}mm) |600 V DC third rail |- |{{rail-interchange|toronto|5}} Pearson Airport extension |TBD |TBD |TBD |Light rail |Standard gauge (1,435{{nbsp}}mm) |750 V DC overhead line |- |{{rail-interchange|toronto|6}} Pearson Airport extension |TBD |TBD |TBD |Light rail |Standard gauge (1,435{{nbsp}}mm) |750 V DC overhead line |}

===Provincially supported projects=== {{wide image|Toronto Rapid transit map future circa 2035.svg|850px|caption= Future Toronto subway system map after lines under construction in 2026 are completed circa 2035}} On April 10, 2019, Ontario premier Doug Ford announced rapid transit–related projects that the Province of Ontario would support with either committed or future financing.<ref name="TheStar-2019-04-10B">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2019/04/09/premier-doug-ford-to-make-285-billion-transit-announcement-wednesday.html |title=Ford promises $10.9-billion Ontario Line will be built by 2027 — leaving experts, politicians looking for details |newspaper=Toronto Star |first=Ben |last=Spurr |date=April 10, 2019 |access-date=May 20, 2020}}</ref> One such project is the Ontario Line, a proposed {{convert|15.5|km|mi|adj=on}} rapid transit line that has succeeded the Relief Line proposal. Initially, the project was projected to be completed in 2027,<ref name="Cbc2019-04-10">{{cite news |last1=Pelley |first1=Lauren |last2=Crawley |first2=Mike |date=April 10, 2019 |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/doug-ford-toronto-subway-upload-gta-transit-plan-1.5090394 |title=Doug Ford commits $11.2B for 4 major GTA transit projects, including new 'Ontario Line' |newspaper=CBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410085128/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/doug-ford-toronto-subway-upload-gta-transit-plan-1.5090394 |archive-date=April 10, 2019 |access-date=April 10, 2019}}</ref> but this was later pushed back to 2030.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 17, 2020 |title=$11-billion Ontario Line may not open until 2030, three years later than Ford's initial promise |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2020/12/17/11-billion-ontario-line-may-not-open-until-2030-three-years-later-than-fords-initial-promise.html |access-date=December 19, 2020 |work=Toronto Star |archive-date=April 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419193425/https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2020/12/17/11-billion-ontario-line-may-not-open-until-2030-three-years-later-than-fords-initial-promise.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A groundbreaking ceremony for the Ontario Line was held on March 27, 2022.<ref name="OL-ceremony">{{cite web |last1=Wilson |first1=Codi |title=Ford, Tory break ground on new Ontario Line, promise support to impacted businesses |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/toronto/article/ford-tory-break-ground-on-new-ontario-line-promise-support-to-impacted-businesses/ |website=CTV News |access-date=March 27, 2022 |date=March 27, 2022 |archive-date=February 7, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250207103539/https://www.ctvnews.ca/toronto/article/ford-tory-break-ground-on-new-ontario-line-promise-support-to-impacted-businesses/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Line 5 west extension to Pearson Airport is a proposal to extend Line 5 Eglinton from its terminus at Mount Dennis station west along Eglinton Avenue West to the proposed Pearson Transit Hub in Mississauga. In April 2019, Ford said that he would commit funds for this proposal.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.inbrampton.com/a-subway-connection-is-in-the-works-for-pearson-airport |title=A subway connection is in the works for Pearson Airport | inTheHammer |date=December 3, 2019 |access-date=January 29, 2020 |archive-date=January 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129014415/https://www.inbrampton.com/a-subway-connection-is-in-the-works-for-pearson-airport |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Yonge North subway extension (YNSE) is a proposal to extend Line 1 Yonge–University north along Yonge Street from Finch station, the existing terminus of Line 1, to near Highway 7 in Richmond Hill. There would be new stations at Steeles Avenue, Clark Avenue, between Highway 7 and Highway 407 near Langstaff GO Station and Richmond Hill Centre Terminal (dubbed "Bridge station"), and High Tech Road.<ref name="YNSE">{{cite news |last1=Moore |first1=Oliver |title=Ontario scales back on proposed Yonge subway extension |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/toronto/article-ontario-scales-back-on-proposed-yonge-subway-extension/ |newspaper=The Globe and Mail |archive-date=March 18, 2021 |access-date=April 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318105102/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/toronto/article-ontario-scales-back-on-proposed-yonge-subway-extension/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="clark">{{cite news |title=Clark Station to be included as fourth stop on Yonge North Subway Extension |url=https://blog.metrolinx.com/2021/07/16/clark-station-to-be-included-as-fourth-stop-on-yonge-north-subway-extension/ |website=Metrolinx News |publisher=Metrolinx |date=July 16, 2021 |access-date=July 16, 2021 |archive-date=July 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716142248/https://blog.metrolinx.com/2021/07/16/clark-station-to-be-included-as-fourth-stop-on-yonge-north-subway-extension/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The extension was proposed in the province's 2007 MoveOntario 2020 plan. A major problem with this proposal was that Line 1 was at capacity, and the TTC said in 2016 that the proposed Relief Line and SmartTrack would both need to be in service before opening the YNSE.<ref name="TheStar-2016-06-02">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2016/06/02/yonge-subway-extension-to-york-region-takes-step-forward.html |title=Yonge subway extension to York Region takes step forward |newspaper=Toronto Star |first=Ben |last=Spurr |date=June 2, 2016 |access-date=June 3, 2016 |archive-date=June 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602231742/https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2016/06/02/yonge-subway-extension-to-york-region-takes-step-forward.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2020, a preliminary agreement was signed between the Ontario provincial government and York Region that anticipated the completion of the extension by approximately 2030.<ref>{{Cite web |title=StackPath |url=https://www.masstransitmag.com/rail/infrastructure/article/21140615/region-of-york-province-of-ontario-sign-preliminary-agreement-for-yonge-north-subway-extension |access-date=June 5, 2020 |website=www.masstransitmag.com |date=June 2, 2020 |archive-date=June 5, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605215528/https://www.masstransitmag.com/rail/infrastructure/article/21140615/region-of-york-province-of-ontario-sign-preliminary-agreement-for-yonge-north-subway-extension |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Scarborough subway extension (SSE) is a project to replace Line 3 Scarborough with an eastward extension of Line 2 Bloor–Danforth. On October 8, 2013, Toronto City Council conducted a debate on whether to replace Line 3 with a light rail line or a subway extension. In 2014, the city council voted to extend Line 2 to Scarborough City Centre, which would result in the closure of Line 3.<ref name="TTC Report 2014 scar ext">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Commission_meetings/2014/June_24/Reports/Scarborough_Subway_Extension_Update.pdf |title=Toronto Transit Commission Report No. ?? – Scarborough_Subway_Extension_Update |date=June 24, 2014 |publisher=Toronto Transit Commission |page=1 |access-date=October 30, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040413/https://www.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Commission_meetings/2014/June_24/Reports/Scarborough_Subway_Extension_Update.pdf | archive-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Scarborough Subway Approved by City Council">{{cite news |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/toronto/14000/article19473790/?page=all |title=A Scarborough Subway: Do the Numbers Add Up? |date=July 4, 2014 |newspaper=The Globe and Mail |access-date=November 5, 2014 |page=1 |archive-date=December 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208184705/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/toronto/14000/article19473790/?page=all |url-status=live }}</ref> The SSE would be {{convert|6|km}} long and add one new station to Line 2 at Scarborough Town Centre. TTC and city staff finalized the precise route of the SSE in early 2017.<ref name="TheStar-2017-01-11">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2017/01/11/scarborough-subway-report-delayed--again.html |title=Scarborough subway report delayed . . . again |last=Spurr |first=Ben |date=January 11, 2017 |newspaper=Toronto Star |access-date=January 22, 2017 |archive-date=January 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170112191615/https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2017/01/11/scarborough-subway-report-delayed--again.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2019, the Government of Ontario proposed a modified version of the proposal now known as the Line 2 East Extension (L2EE). The L2EE is {{convert|7.8|km}} long and adds three new stations, rather than one.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.metrolinx.com/en/greaterregion/projects/scarborough-subway-extension.aspx |title=Metrolinx: For a Greater Region – Scarborough Subway Extension |website=www.metrolinx.com |access-date=December 14, 2019 |archive-date=December 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203070941/http://www.metrolinx.com/en/greaterregion/projects/scarborough-subway-extension.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> The proposed completion deadline for the project is between 2029 and 2030.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2019/ex/bgrd/backgroundfile-138947.pdf |title=Attachment 5 – Assessment of Provincial Proposals Line 2 East Extension |access-date=December 14, 2019 |archive-date=December 14, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214052624/https://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2019/ex/bgrd/backgroundfile-138947.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Line 4 eastward extension to McCowan is a proposal to extend Line 4 Sheppard east along Sheppard Avenue East to McCowan Road, where it will connect with the Scarborough subway extension. Doug Ford said in April 2019 that he would commit funds related to this proposal.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/doug-ford-toronto-transit-plan-1.5091916 |title=What you need to know about Doug Ford's contentious plan for transit in the GTA |work=CBC News |access-date=January 29, 2020 |archive-date=December 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231172534/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/doug-ford-toronto-transit-plan-1.5091916 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Other active proposals===

The Eglinton East LRT is a City of Toronto proposal to construct an LRT line (separate from Line 5 Eglinton) from Kennedy station east to Malvern. This proposal was originally part of the cancelled Scarborough–Malvern LRT in Transit City. It would have stations at Eglinton GO and Guildwood GO, as well as the University of Toronto Scarborough campus.<ref name=2023-05-presentation>{{Cite conference |url=https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/9606-EELRT-Public-Consultation-presentation-May-2023non-AODA.pdf |url-status=live |title=Eglinton East Light Rail Transit (EELRT)–Functional (10%) Design Phase |author1=City of Toronto |author2=Toronto Transit Commission |date=May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518064924/https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/9606-EELRT-Public-Consultation-presentation-May-2023non-AODA.pdf |access-date=May 18, 2023 |archive-date=May 18, 2023 |conference=Eglinton East LRT: Public Consultation |conference-url=https://www.toronto.ca/community-people/get-involved/public-consultations/infrastructure-projects/eglinton-east-light-rail-transit/eglinton-east-lrt-public-consutlation/ |series=Phase One Virtual Public Meetings}}</ref>

=== Inactive proposals ===

The Jane LRT is a proposed LRT line that would begin at Jane station on Line 2 and proceed north to Pioneer Village station on Line 1. While initially part of the cancelled Transit City plan, the Jane LRT is part of the ''2018–2022 TTC Corporate Plan'' and tentatively referred to as Line 8.<ref name="20182022plan">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ttc.ca/PDF/2018-2022_TTC_Corporate_Plan.pdf |title=2018–2022 TTC Corporate Plan |agency=Toronto Transit Commission |access-date=July 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140926/http://www.ttc.ca/PDF/2018-2022_TTC_Corporate_Plan.pdf | archive-date=June 12, 2018}}</ref>

The Line 6 west extension to Pearson Airport is a proposal that would extend Line 6 Finch West west to Pearson Airport, where it would provide a link to Line 5 Eglinton. In 2009, the TTC studied the feasibility of potential routings for a future westward extension of the Etobicoke–Finch West LRT to the vicinity of the Woodbine Live development, Woodbine Mall, and Pearson International Airport. This extension was later reclassified as a future transit project as described in the 2013 ''Feeling Congested?'' report by the City of Toronto. Metrolinx revealed in January 2020 that they would study a possible connection to the Pearson Transit Hub at Pearson Airport.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.masstransitmag.com/management/news/21122940/metrolinx-gtaa-sign-costsharing-agreement-to-study-improved-transitairport-connections|title=StackPath|date=January 27, 2020|access-date=January 29, 2020|archive-date=May 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511233436/https://www.masstransitmag.com/management/news/21122940/metrolinx-gtaa-sign-costsharing-agreement-to-study-improved-transitairport-connections|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Abandoned plans=== The Queen subway line was a subway line first proposed in 1911. When Line 1 was first built, a roughed-in station was included under Queen station, with the intention that the Queen subway would be the city's second subway line. The route of the Queen subway line is included in the routes for both the Relief Line and the Ontario Line proposals.<ref name="20182022plan" />

The Eglinton West line was a proposed subway line in the late 1980s on which construction began in the early 1990s. It was cancelled after the election of Mike Harris as premier of Ontario. Much of its planned route is included in Line 5 Eglinton.<ref name="20182022plan" />

One proposed expansion of Line 2 Bloor–Danforth into Mississauga included eight potential stations stretching west from Kipling station to Mississauga City Centre, retrofitting some existing GO Transit stations. The plan was for the subway stations to open in 2011. Then–Mississauga mayor Hazel McCallion and the Regional Municipality of Peel did not support the project.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.insauga.com/top-5-unbuilt-projects-in-mississauga | title=5 unbuilt projects that could have changed Mississauga | inSauga | date=August 22, 2017 | access-date=October 25, 2019 | archive-date=October 25, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025184954/https://www.insauga.com/top-5-unbuilt-projects-in-mississauga | url-status=live }}</ref>

The Relief Line was a proposed heavy-rail subway line running from Pape station south to Queen Street East and then west to the vicinity of Toronto City Hall. The proposal included intermediate stations at Sherbourne Street, Sumach Street, Broadview Avenue, and another near Gerrard Square. In January 2016, alignment options and possible stations were still being studied, and the project was unfunded. Construction was expected to take about ten years to complete.<ref name="G&M-2016-01-29">{{cite news |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/toronto/queen-street-route-proposed-for-new-toronto-subway/article28460818/ |title=City proposes Queen Street route for Toronto's downtown relief line |last=Moore |first=Oliver |date=January 29, 2016 |newspaper=The Globe and Mail |access-date=January 22, 2017 |archive-date=October 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006093958/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/toronto/queen-street-route-proposed-for-new-toronto-subway/article28460818/ |url-status=live }}</ref> As early as 2008, Metrolinx chair Rob MacIsaac expressed the intent to construct the Relief Line to prevent overcrowding along Line 1.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://network.nationalpost.com/np/blogs/toronto/archive/2008/09/03/new-subway-line-still-a-way-s-off-metrolinx-head-says.aspx |title=New subway line still a way's off, Metrolinx head says |last=Hertz |first=Barry |date=September 4, 2008 |newspaper=National Post |access-date=September 16, 2008}}{{dead link|date=October 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Toronto City Council also expressed support for this plan.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/article/578943 |title=City favours relief line over subway |last=Vincent |first=Donovan |date=January 29, 2009 |newspaper=Toronto Star |access-date=January 29, 2009 |archive-date=February 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090201023735/http://www.thestar.com/article/578943 |url-status=live }}</ref> In April 2019, the Government of Ontario under Doug Ford announced that the Ontario Line would be built instead of the Relief Line. As a result, TTC and City of Toronto staff suspended further planning work on the Relief Line in June 2019.<ref name="TheStar-2019-06-18">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2019/06/18/ttc-hits-pause-on-relief-line-work-amid-provincial-transit-plans.html |title=TTC hits pause on relief line work amid provincial transit plans |last=Spurr |first=Ben |date=June 18, 2019 |newspaper=Toronto Star |access-date=July 26, 2019 |archive-date=July 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190727002653/https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2019/06/18/ttc-hits-pause-on-relief-line-work-amid-provincial-transit-plans.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Transit City==== The Sheppard East LRT was a proposed light rail line running east from Don Mills station to Morningside Avenue in Scarborough. The line was to be {{convert|13|km}} long with 25 surface stations and one underground connection at Don Mills station on Line 4 Sheppard. Construction of the Sheppard East LRT was to start upon completion of Line 6 Finch West.<ref name="CP24-20150427">{{cite web |url=http://www.cp24.com/news/construction-on-finch-west-lrt-to-begin-in-2016-but-sheppard-east-lrt-on-hold-1.2346551 |title=Construction on Finch West LRT to begin in 2016 but Sheppard East LRT on hold |last=Fox |first=Chris |work=CP24 |date=April 27, 2015 |access-date=April 27, 2015 |archive-date=May 4, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504211528/http://www.cp24.com/news/construction-on-finch-west-lrt-to-begin-in-2016-but-sheppard-east-lrt-on-hold-1.2346551 |url-status=live }}</ref> However, in July 2016, the ''Toronto Star'' reported the Sheppard LRT had been deferred indefinitely.<ref name="TheStar-2016-07-20" /> In April 2019, Premier Doug Ford announced that the provincial government would extend Line 4 Sheppard to McCowan Road at some unspecified time in the future, replacing the proposed Sheppard East LRT.<ref name="TheStar-2019-04-10" />

The Don Mills LRT was a proposed LRT line that would have headed north from Pape station along Don Mills Road to Don Mills station. Its route was later incorporated into the Relief Line and Ontario Line proposals.<ref name="20182022plan" />{{additional citation needed|date=June 2019}}

==See also== {{div col}} * List of metro systems * Mind the gap * Path (Toronto) * Toronto Subway (typeface) * Transportation in Toronto {{div col end}}

==Notes== {{notelist}}

==References== ===Citations=== <references> <ref name="TTC-2015-06-22">{{cite web |url=https://ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Commission_meetings/2015/June_22/Reports/PAA_to_modify_4_Toronto_Rocket_Train_Sets.pdf |title=Procurement Authorization Amendment To Modify Four Toronto Rocket Train Sets for Service on Line 4 |publisher=Toronto Transit Commission |date=June 22, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414204943/https://ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Commission_meetings/2015/June_22/Reports/PAA_to_modify_4_Toronto_Rocket_Train_Sets.pdf |archive-date=April 14, 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="Coupler-2019-04">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Coupler/2010/Coupler_November_December_2010/Toronto_Rocket_unveiled.jsp |title=Toronto Rocket unveiled |website=www.ttc.ca |access-date=April 14, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414204942/https://www.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Coupler/2010/Coupler_November_December_2010/Toronto_Rocket_unveiled.jsp | archive-date=April 14, 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="TTC-2019-12-16">{{cite web |url=http://ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Commission_meetings/2019/December_16/Reports/2_TTC_15_Year_Capital_Investment_Plan_and_2020_2029_Capital_.pdf |title=TTC 15-Year Capital Investment Plan & 2020 – 2029 Capital Budget & Plan |publisher=Toronto Transit Commission |date=December 16, 2019 |access-date=August 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823205720/http://ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Commission_meetings/2019/December_16/Reports/2_TTC_15_Year_Capital_Investment_Plan_and_2020_2029_Capital_.pdf |archive-date=August 23, 2020}}</ref>

</references>

===Sources=== * {{cite web |url=http://transit.toronto.on.ca/subway/index.shtml |title=Transit Toronto Subway Pages |work=Transit Toronto |access-date=July 21, 2007}} * {{cite web |last=Bow |first=James |url=http://transit.toronto.on.ca/subway/5006.shtml |title=Toronto's Lost Subway Stations |work=Transit Toronto |date=June 14, 2007 |access-date=July 21, 2007}} * {{cite news |title=Thirty Years down the line |newspaper=Toronto Star |date=March 1984 |pages=M1,M9}} * ''Welcome Aboard – Tomorrow's Transit Today – UTDC 1985'' * {{cite web |url=http://www.toronto.ca/ttc/pdf/rtes2002.pdf |title=Rapid Transit Expansion Study (RTES) |publisher=TTC |date=August 2001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060419230201/http://www.toronto.ca/ttc/pdf/rtes2002.pdf |archive-date=April 19, 2006}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.toronto.ca/ttc/pdf/rtes_follow-up_report.pdf |title=Rapid Transit Expansion Study (RTES) – Follow-Up Report |publisher=TTC |date=June 12, 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060221213453/http://www.toronto.ca/ttc/pdf/rtes_follow-up_report.pdf |archive-date=February 21, 2006}} * {{cite web |url=http://www3.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Projects_and_initiatives/Spadina_subway_extension/index.jsp |title=Spadina Subway Extension |publisher=TTC |year=2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724221238/http://www3.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Projects_and_initiatives/Spadina_subway_extension/index.jsp |archive-date=July 24, 2010}}

==External links== {{Commons}} {{Attached KML|display=title,inline}} * [http://www.ttc.ca/ Official TTC site] * Webpage by subway line: ** [https://www.ttc.ca/routes-and-schedules/1/0 Line 1 Yonge–University] ** [https://www.ttc.ca/routes-and-schedules/2/0 Line 2 Bloor–Danforth] ** [https://www.ttc.ca/routes-and-schedules/4/0 Line 4 Sheppard] ** [https://www.ttc.ca/routes-and-schedules/5/0 Line 5 Eglinton] ** [https://www.ttc.ca/routes-and-schedules/6/0 Line 6 Finch West] * [https://cdn.ttc.ca/-/media/Project/TTC/DevProto/Images/Home/Routes-and-Schedules/Landing-page-pdfs/TTC_SubwayStreetcarLightrailMap.pdf?rev=b8b8642e6721417eab863277cd36da5e Official TTC Subway Map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211215145441/https://ttc-cdn.azureedge.net/-/media/Project/TTC/DevProto/Images/Home/Routes-and-Schedules/Landing-page-pdfs/TTC_SubwayStreetcarMap_2021-11.pdf?rev=e9abe613785345a18521a20b7551ea14 |date=December 15, 2021}} * [http://transit.toronto.on.ca/ News, history and discussion] * [http://archives.cbc.ca/IDD-1-75-1099/science_technology/subways_history/ CBC Digital Archives: Going Underground: Toronto's Subway and Montreal's Metro] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930014632/http://www.toronto.ca/ttc/pdf/subway_travel_time_chart.pdf The TTC's Official Subway Travel Time Chart] (archived version using the way back machine) * [http://www.vivanext.com/project_YongeSubway Vivanext Subways – Yonge extension projects] * ''[http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/en/explore/online/subway/index.aspx The Subway Comes to the Archives]'', online exhibit on Archives of Ontario website

{{TTC}} {{TTCstations}} {{TTC rolling stock}} {{Torontometros}} {{Canadianmetros}} {{Internationally Metro Organizations}} {{Portal bar|Canada|Ontario|Trains}}

Category:Toronto rapid transit Category:Toronto-gauge railways Category:600 V DC railway electrification Category:Electric railways in Canada Category:Passenger rail transport in Toronto Category:Passenger railways in Ontario Category:Rail transport in the Greater Toronto Area Category:Railway lines opened in 1954 Category:Underground rapid transit in Canada

Toronto subway

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