Tophane

{{More citations needed|date=October 2015}} {{Infobox settlement  | name = Tophane | native_name = | native_name_lang =  | settlement_type = Quarter | image_skyline = Tophane and the Imperial.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = Tophane skyline seen from Bosphorus | Nickname = | motto = | image_map = | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Turkey Istanbul | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|41.02739|28.98228|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{TUR}} | subdivision_type1 = Region | subdivision_name1 = Marmara | subdivision_type2 = Province | subdivision_name2 = Istanbul | subdivision_type3 = District | subdivision_name3 = Beyoğlu | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | seat_type = | seat = | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = | population_as_of = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_note = | timezone1 = TRT | utc_offset1 = +3 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 34425 | area_code_type = Area code | area_code = 0212 | iso_code = | website =  | footnotes = }}

'''Tophane''' ({{IPA|tr|topˈhane}})<ref>{{cite web |date= 2016 |title= Üçüncü Ünite - Session 3 3.2 Pronunciation - Linguamanca |website= linguamanca.net |url= http://www.linguamanca.net/middle_eastern_languages/turkish/session_3/session3_page2/index.htm |accessdate= 2017-07-14 }}</ref> (lit. "Armoury") is a quarter in the Beyoğlu district of Istanbul, Turkey, running downhill from Galata to the shore of the Bosphorus where it joins up with Karaköy to the southwest and Fındıklı to the northeast.

In the Ottoman era, it was the city's first industrial zone.

Despite rapid gentrification, parts of Tophane remain conservative and there have been clashes over some developments in the area. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Fowler |first=Susanne |date=2010-11-10 |title=Art Walk Turns Into Street Fight in Istanbul |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/11/world/europe/11iht-m11CTophane.html |access-date=2022-04-23 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In 2021 the large new Galataport cruise terminal opened at the point where Tophane reaches the shore, bringing the likelihood of even faster change to the area.

== History == Tophane acquired its name from the Tophane-i Amire armoury ({{langx|ota|طوپخانه امیری}}; {{langx|en|Imperial armoury}}), which was first built in the reign (1451–1481) of the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II. Its main purpose was the manufacture of cannons and cannonballs. It appears in an engraving by Antoine Melling (1763–1831). The foundry was built on the site of the lost churches of St Claire and Aya Photini.

The original foundry was rebuilt during the reign of Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent and then again in 1803 during the reign of Sultan Selim III. Part of that structure still survives with tiny carved cannons on its facade commemorating its original purpose. It is now used for temporary art exhibitions. Other parts of the barracks were demolished in 1958 when the main coastal road was widened. Excavations on the inland side of the coast road are uncovering some remains of the old barracks buildings.

Today the foundry building houses the [https://www.sabancivakfi.org/en/institutions/tophane-i-amire-culture-and-art-center Tophane-i Amire Culture and Art Center], a part of the [https://www.sabancivakfi.org/ Sabancı Vakfı] that organises temporary art exhibitions.

The small clock tower, one of the first in Istanbul, was added to the complex in 1848-49. It is now the focal point of a new square created as part of the Galataport project. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tophane Clock Tower, Nusretiye Clock Tower, Historical Clock Tower - Galataport İstanbul |url=https://www.galataport.com/en/heritage/tophane-clock-tower |access-date=2022-04-23 |website=www.galataport.com}}</ref>

The baroque <u>Nusretiye (Victory) Mosque</u> was built for Sultan Mahmud II between 1823 and 1826; its name commemorates the "Auspicious Incident" when he overthrew the powerful Janissary corps.

The landmark Kılıç Ali Pasha Complex (Külliye) was commissioned by the Ottoman Admiral Kılıç Ali Pasha and designed by the renowned architect Mimar Sinan. It consists of a mosque, medrese, hamam, türbe, and sebil that were constructed between 1578 and 1587.

Nearby, the large free-standing Tophane Fountain between the Nusretiye and Kılıç Ali Pasha Mosques was commissioned by Mahmud I and built in 1732. It stands on the site of the old military parade ground.

In 2022 the Tophane Pavilion (Tophane Kasrı), designed by [https://www.dailysabah.com/books/2016/11/25/william-james-smith-british-architect-at-a-19th-century-ottoman-court William James Smith] in 1852 to provide the sultan with a base from which to inspect his troops, was undergoing renovation.

<gallery> File:Tophane Place Istanbul.jpg|Tophane Square, with the Tophane Barracks on the left and the Nusretiye Mosque on the right, in ca. 1890–1900. File:Tophane Fountain Istanbul.jpg|Tophane Fountain in ca. 1890–1900. File:İstanbul 4939.jpg|Kılıç Ali Pasha Mosque and Külliye in Tophane. File:Abdullah Brothers - Tophane Fountain - Google Art Project.jpg|Tophane Fountain in late 19th Century File:Abdullah Brothers - Tophane Buildings and Salıpazarı - Google Art Project.jpg|Tophane late 19th Century File:Istanbul Tophane i Amire Exterior Bosporus side in 2018 14 5493.jpg|Istanbul Tophane exterior File:Istanbul Tophane i Amire Exterior Bosporus side in 2018 13 5497.jpg|Istanbul Tophane exterior File:Istanbul Tophane i Amire Side to east 2018 19 5494.jpg|Istanbul Tophane exterior File:Istanbul Tophane i Amire Interior in 2004 03 6161.jpg|Istanbul Tophane interior File:Istanbul Tophane i Amire Interior in 2004 01 6158.jpg|Istanbul Tophane interior </gallery>

== Population == At one time Tophane was home to many Greeks, Armenians and Jews but in the early twentieth century many migrants from the Eastern Anatolian provinces of Siirt, Bitlis, Erzincan, Erzurum arrived to take their place and work in the dockyards and industrial zone.

== Galataport == From 2022 onwards Tophane is likely to be completely transformed as the huge waterfront Galataport cruise terminal and shopping complex is scheduled to be completed, while adjoining neighbourhoods continue to be gentrified and touristified.

The Istanbul Modern, a contemporary art museum established in 2004, is one of several cultural organisations now incorporated into the Galataport area as well as the Istanbul Painting and Sculpture Museum.

==References== {{Reflist}}

Category:Quarters of Beyoğlu Category:Bosphorus Category:Romani communities in Turkey