{{short description|Volcanic crater on Mars}} {{Infobox crater data | titlecolor = #FA8072 | title = Tooting | image = Martian impact crater Tooting based on day THEMIS.png | coordinate_title = [[Mars#Geography|Coordinates]] | globe = Mars | coordinates = {{coord|23.1|N|207.1|E|globe:mars_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | diameter = {{cvt|28|km}} | depth = {{convert|1,200|m}} | discoverer = | eponym = London suburb }} '''Tooting''' is an impact crater (of the [[rampart crater]] type) with volcanic features at 23.1°N, 207.1°E, in [[Amazonis Planitia]] ([[Amazonis quadrangle]]), due west of the volcano [[Olympus Mons]], on [[Mars]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/jsp/FeatureNameDetail.jsp?feature=66228|title=Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature|access-date=2007-05-18}}</ref> It was identified by [[planetary geology|planetary geologist]] [[Peter Mouginis-Mark]] in September 2004. Scientists estimate that its age is on the order of hundreds of thousands of years, which is relatively young for a Martian crater.<ref name="themis">{{cite web|url=http://themis.asu.edu/features/tooting|title=Tooting Crater's Tangled Tale|access-date=2007-05-18}}</ref> A later study confirms this [[order of magnitude]] estimate.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cratering age considerations for young terranes in the inner Solar System|url=http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/chron2006/pdf/6030.pdf|access-date=2007-05-18}}</ref> A preliminary paper describing the geology and geometry of Tooting was published in 2007 by the journal ''Meteoritics and Planetary Science'', vol. 42, pages 1615–1625. Further papers have been published, including a 2010 analysis of flows on the walls of Tooting crater by A. R. Morris et al. (''Icarus'' vol. 209, p. 369–389), and a 2012 review paper by P.J. Mouginis-Mark and J.M. Boyce in ''Chemie der Erde Geochemistry'', vol. 72, p. 1–23. A geologic map has also been submitted in 2012 to the U.S. Geological Survey for consideration and future publication.
[[Image:Amazonia planitia - Tooting.png|thumb|300px|Topography of crater based on MOLA]]
==Naming== Tooting is named after the [[London]] [[Tooting|suburb of the same name]]. This is in accordance with the [[International Astronomical Union]]'s rules for [[planetary nomenclature]], which specify that craters on Mars less than 60 km in diameter should be named after "villages of the world with a population of less than 100,000".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/append6.html|title=Categories for Naming Features on Planets and Satellites|access-date=2007-05-18}}</ref> The discoverer named it after his home town because he "thought [his] mum and brother would get a kick out of having their home town paired with a land form on Mars".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/4395660.stm|title=Mars crater named after Tooting |publisher=[[BBC News]] |access-date=2007-05-18 |date=2005-11-01}}</ref> This caused a stir in the British press, with many well-known media outlets reporting on the issue.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/space/article/0,14493,1606597,00.html|title=Why Tooting is on another planet |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=2007-05-18 |location=London |first=Andrew |last=Brown |date=2005-11-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/leading_article/article585079.ece |archive-url=https://archive.today/20070216074250/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/leading_article/article585079.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 16, 2007 |title=Life on Mars - But the force is with Tooting |work=[[The Times]] |access-date=2007-05-18 |location=London |date=2005-11-01}}</ref>
==Geology== The crater's youth was inferred from the lack of superimposed cratering, preserved impact melt in the crater, and that the central peak of the crater has not been buried by [[sediment]].
Research published in the journal ''Icarus'' has found pits in Tooting Crater that are caused by hot ejecta falling on ground containing ice. The pits are formed by heat forming steam that rushes out from groups of pits simultaneously, thereby blowing away from the pit ejecta.<ref>Boyce, J. et al. 2012. "Origin of small pits in martian impact craters". ''Icarus''. 221: 262-275.</ref><ref>Tornabene, L. et al. 2012. "Widespread crater-related pitted materials on Mars. Further evidence for the role of target volatiles during the impact process". ''Icarus''. 220: 348–368.</ref> [[File:Tooting Crater.JPG|thumb|Wall of Tooting Crater, as seen by HiRISE.]] [[File:Tooting crater 512A53.jpg|thumb|[[Viking program|Viking orbiter 1]] image of Tooting]] Due to the flatness of the surrounding lava flows (at 3872 m below [[Geography of Mars#Zero elevation|Martian datum]]), it is possible to infer much about the crater's formation and [[ejecta]] blanket. For example, the volume of ejecta deposited from the formation of the crater is estimated to be 450 [[cubic kilometres]] and that this process took less than half an hour.<ref name="themis" /><ref>{{cite journal|title=Ejecta Thickness of the Martian Impact Crater Tooting|journal=American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting |year=2006|bibcode=2006AGUFM.P34B..01M|last1=Mouginis-Mark |first1=P. J. |last2=Garbeil |first2=H. |volume=2006 |pages=P34B–01}}</ref>
==Comparison== Tooting has been compared to the craters [[Santa Fe (Martian crater)|Santa Fe]] and [[Endeavour (crater)|Endeavour]] (of [[Opportunity (rover)|''Opportunity'' [MER-B]]] fame).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2015/eposter/2017.pdf |last1=Grant |first1=J. A. |last2=Crumpler |first2=L. S. |last3=Parker |first3=T. J. |display-authors=etal |date=March 2015 |title=Degradation of Endeavour Crater, Mars |work=46th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference |access-date=27 January 2021 |publisher=Universities Space Research Association}}</ref>
== Source of Martian Meteorites == Tooting has been suggested as the most likely source of depleted [[Shergottite|Shergottite meteorites]] that were ejected 1.1 million years ago.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lagain|first1=A.|last2=Benedix|first2=G. K.|last3=Servis|first3=K.|last4=Baratoux|first4=D.|last5=Doucet|first5=L. S.|last6=Rajšic|first6=A.|last7=Devillepoix|first7=H. a. R.|last8=Bland|first8=P. A.|last9=Towner|first9=M. C.|last10=Sansom|first10=E. K.|last11=Miljković|first11=K.|date=2021-11-03|title=The Tharsis mantle source of depleted shergottites revealed by 90 million impact craters|journal=Nature Communications|language=en|volume=12|issue=1|pages=6352|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-26648-3|pmid=34732704 |pmc=8566585 |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Gough|first=Evan|date=2021-11-08|title=We Now Know Exactly Which Crater the Martian Meteorites Came From|url=https://www.universetoday.com/153207/we-now-know-exactly-which-crater-the-martian-meteorites-came-from/|access-date=2021-11-13|website=Universe Today|language=en-US}}</ref>
== See also == * [[Impact crater]] * [[List of craters on Mars]]
==References== {{reflist}}
==External links== {{commons category|Tooting (Martian crater)}} * [http://www.higp.hawaii.edu/~pmm/planetary.html Discoverer's website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401215724/http://www.higp.hawaii.edu/~pmm/planetary.html |date=2012-04-01 }} * [http://themis.asu.edu/features/tooting3d 3d THEMIS rendering of Tooting] * [http://www.google.com/mars/#lat=23.185813&lon=-151.880493&zoom=8&q=23.1%20N%20%20207%20E Google Mars display of Tooting] * [http://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/PSP_001538_2035 High resolution image of central mountains]
{{Geography of Mars|topography}} {{Portal bar|Solar System}}
[[Category:Impact craters on Mars]] [[Category:Amazonis quadrangle]]