{{Short description|Hong Kong activist, barrister, and politician}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021|cs1-dates=sy}} {{Family name hatnote|Chow|Tonyee Chow|Chow Hang-tung|lang=Hong Kong}} {{Infobox officeholder | honorific_prefix = | name= Chow Hang-tung | native_name = {{nobold|鄒幸彤}} | native_name_lang = zh-hk | image= 鄒幸彤.jpg | caption= | office1=Vice Chairman of the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China | term_start1= December 2015 | term_end1= 25 September 2021 | predecessor1=Mak Hoi-wah | successor1= ''Organization dissolved'' | birth_date={{birth date and age|df=yes|1985|1|24}} | birth_place= British Hong Kong | spouse= | party= | other_party=Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China | occupation = {{hlist|Barrister|politician|political activist}} | alma_mater= University of Cambridge (BA, MSc, MPhil)<br />Manchester Metropolitan University (CPE, LLB)<br />University of Hong Kong (PCLL) }} thumb|Chow at a rally in 2017
'''Tonyee Chow Hang-tung'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking-news/section/4/214376/Activist-Tonyee-Chow-loses-bid-to-overturn-conviction-for-refusal-to-provide-authorities-with-information |title=Activist Tonyee Chow loses bid to overturn conviction for refusal to provide authorities with information |date=March 14, 2024 |publisher=The Standard |access-date=April 19, 2024}}</ref> ({{zh|鄒幸彤}}; born 24 January 1985)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://hk.on.cc/hk/bkn/cnt/news/20210606/mobile/bkn-20210606173853532-0606_00822_001.html |title=政Whats噏：鄒幸彤「呼冤」 話大家將佢寫老晒 |language=zh |website=on.cc |date=6 June 2021 |access-date=13 June 2021 |archive-date=2021-06-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613133218/https://hk.on.cc/hk/bkn/cnt/news/20210606/mobile/bkn-20210606173853532-0606_00822_001.html |url-status=live }}</ref> is a Hong Kong activist, barrister and politician. During the crackdown by authorities on the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China, which began in June 2021 and was mainly based on national security charges over the Alliance's annual vigils in remembrance of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, Chow was cast into the limelight, having become the convenor of the group after the arrest of leaders Lee Cheuk-yan and Albert Ho in April.<ref name="hkfp_20210925">{{cite web|url=https://hongkongfp.com/2021/09/25/breaking-hong-kong-tiananmen-massacre-vigil-group-disbands-following-pressure-from-authorities/|title=Hong Kong Tiananmen Massacre vigil group disbands following pressure from authorities|first=Tom|last=Grundy|work=Hong Kong Free Press|date=25 September 2021|access-date=25 September 2021|archive-date=2021-12-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229143529/https://hongkongfp.com/2021/09/25/breaking-hong-kong-tiananmen-massacre-vigil-group-disbands-following-pressure-from-authorities/|url-status=live}}</ref> In December 2021 and January 2022, Chow was convicted respectively for inciting and taking part in an unlawful assembly on occasion of the vigil in 2020, and for organizing the vigil in 2021, and sentenced to a total of 22 months in prison.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/china/hong-kong-activists-get-up-14-months-prison-banned-tiananmen-vigil-2021-12-13/|title=Hong Kong activists get up to 14 months in prison for banned Tiananmen vigil|first1=Jessie|last1=Pang|first2=Edmond|last2=Ng|work=Reuters|date=2021-12-13|access-date=16 December 2021|archive-date=14 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214084455/https://www.reuters.com/world/china/hong-kong-activists-get-up-14-months-prison-banned-tiananmen-vigil-2021-12-13/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="bbc_20210104"/> A trial date for further national security charges against Chow has not been set {{as of|2022|11|10|lc=yes}}. By that time, observers considered her to be possibly the most prominent remaining dissident voice in Hong Kong.<ref name="reuters_20221110">{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/china-lawyers-crackdown-hongkong/|title=A jailed Hong Kong lawyer defies Beijing's campaign to subjugate the city|first1=James|last1=Pomfret|first2=Jessie|last2=Pang|work=Reuters|date=10 November 2022|access-date=10 November 2022}}</ref>
== Early life and education == Chow was born and grew up in Hong Kong, attending Ying Wa Girls' School.<ref name="reuters_20221110"/> She studied geophysics at University of Cambridge. Chow realised that human rights issues were her real interest, so she gave up doctoral studies and returned to Hong Kong in 2010, where she studied law at the University of Hong Kong after having spent some time working at an NGO.<ref>{{Cite news|date=19 January 2016|title=縱機緣巧合 但無悔初心 ─ 訪80後支聯副主席鄒幸彤|publisher=立場新聞|url=https://www.thestandnews.com/politics/%E7%B8%B1%E6%A9%9F%E7%B7%A3%E5%B7%A7%E5%90%88-%E4%BD%86%E7%84%A1%E6%82%94%E5%88%9D%E5%BF%83-%E8%A8%AA80%E5%BE%8C%E6%94%AF%E8%81%AF%E5%89%AF%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD%E9%84%92%E5%B9%B8%E5%BD%A4/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123014702/https://www.thestandnews.com/politics/%E7%B8%B1%E6%A9%9F%E7%B7%A3%E5%B7%A7%E5%90%88-%E4%BD%86%E7%84%A1%E6%82%94%E5%88%9D%E5%BF%83-%E8%A8%AA80%E5%BE%8C%E6%94%AF%E8%81%AF%E5%89%AF%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD%E9%84%92%E5%B9%B8%E5%BD%A4/|archive-date=23 January 2021|url-status=dead|access-date=3 December 2021}}</ref><ref name=post852_164214>{{Cite news|last=方浩文|title=鄒幸彤：劍橋令我唔需要否定中國|publisher=852郵報|url=https://www.post852.com/164214/%E9%84%92%E5%B9%B8%E5%BD%A4%EF%BC%9A%E5%8A%8D%E6%A9%8B%E4%BB%A4%E6%88%91%E5%94%94%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%E5%90%A6%E5%AE%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B/|access-date=16 January 2021|archive-date=29 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129022828/https://www.post852.com/164214/%e9%84%92%e5%b9%b8%e5%bd%a4%ef%bc%9a%e5%8a%8d%e6%a9%8b%e4%bb%a4%e6%88%91%e5%94%94%e9%9c%80%e8%a6%81%e5%90%a6%e5%ae%9a%e4%b8%ad%e5%9c%8b/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=28 May 2018|title=支聯會33歲副主席鄒幸彤：與年輕人割裂是死結，想不到辦法解決|publisher=眾新聞|url=https://www.hkcnews.com/article/12333/%E9%84%92%E5%B9%B8%E5%BD%A4-%E6%94%AF%E8%81%AF%E6%9C%83-%E5%85%AD%E5%9B%9B29%E5%91%A8%E5%B9%B4-12333/%E6%94%AF%E8%81%AF%E6%9C%8333%E6%AD%B2%E5%89%AF%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD%E9%84%92%E5%B9%B8%E5%BD%A4%EF%BC%9A%E8%88%87%E5%B9%B4%E8%BC%95%E4%BA%BA%E5%89%B2%E8%A3%82%E6%98%AF%E6%AD%BB%E7%B5%90%EF%BC%8C%E6%83%B3%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%B0%E8%BE%A6%E6%B3%95%E8%A7%A3%E6%B1%BA|access-date=16 January 2021|archive-date=21 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121021903/https://www.hkcnews.com/article/12333/%E9%84%92%E5%B9%B8%E5%BD%A4-%E6%94%AF%E8%81%AF%E6%9C%83-%E5%85%AD%E5%9B%9B29%E5%91%A8%E5%B9%B4-12333/%E6%94%AF%E8%81%AF%E6%9C%8333%E6%AD%B2%E5%89%AF%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD%E9%84%92%E5%B9%B8%E5%BD%A4%EF%BC%9A%E8%88%87%E5%B9%B4%E8%BC%95%E4%BA%BA%E5%89%B2%E8%A3%82%E6%98%AF%E6%AD%BB%E7%B5%90%EF%BC%8C%E6%83%B3%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%B0%E8%BE%A6%E6%B3%95%E8%A7%A3%E6%B1%BA|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="wsj_20220525">{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/daughter-of-hong-kong-makes-last-stand-on-tiananmen-massacrefrom-a-court-dock-11653471001|title=Hong Kong lawyer uses her trials to keep memories alive of China's Tiananmen massacre|first1=Wenxin|last1=Fan|first2=Elaine|last2=Yu|work=Wall Street Journal|date=25 May 2022|access-date=25 May 2022}}</ref>
A barrister with Harcourt Chambers, she was called to the Bar in Hong Kong in 2016.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hkba.org/barrister/chow-hang-tung-ms|title=Chow, Hang Tung (Ms)|publisher=Hong Kong Bar Association|accessdate=4 June 2021|archive-date=30 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130205938/https://www.hkba.org/barrister/chow-hang-tung-ms|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Political activism and arrests == Chow served as vice chairwoman of the Hong Kong Alliance, which organised annual marches and vigils to commemorate the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests.<ref name=bbc_57314397>{{Cite news|title=Lighting a candle for Tiananmen and HK freedoms|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-asia-china-57314397|access-date=5 June 2021|archive-date=2021-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605231039/https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-asia-china-57314397|url-status=live}}</ref> She was thrust into the limelight in 2021 because both Lee Cheuk-yan and Albert Ho from the Alliance were in prison,<ref name=apnews_166881844>{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/asia-pacific-hong-kong-arrests-media-e0ab09dbd166881844d4424f5364fc66|title=Hundreds gather near Hong Kong park despite vigil ban|date=4 June 2021|website=AP NEWS|first=Zen|last=Soo|access-date=6 June 2021|archive-date=4 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604080836/https://apnews.com/article/asia-pacific-hong-kong-arrests-media-e0ab09dbd166881844d4424f5364fc66|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hongkongfp.com/2021/06/04/compromise-will-lead-to-an-infinite-expansion-of-the-red-line-says-chair-of-group-behind-hong-kongs-tiananmen-massacre-vigil/|title=Compromise will lead to an 'infinite expansion of the red line,' says head of group behind Hong Kong's Tiananmen Massacre vigil|first=Kelly|last=Ho|date=4 June 2021|work=Hong Kong Free Press}}</ref> with Chow having become the new convenor.<ref name="hkfp_20210925"/>
On 4 June 2021, Chow was arrested for promoting an unauthorised assembly on the 32nd anniversary of the protests.<ref name=bbc_57353803>{{Cite news|date=4 June 2021|title=Tiananmen: Hong Kong vigil organiser arrested on 32nd anniversary|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-57353803|access-date=5 June 2021|archive-date=5 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605002007/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-57353803|url-status=live}}</ref> Prior to her arrest, she had urged Hongkongers to "turn on the lights wherever you are – whether on your phone, candles or electronic candles".<ref name=bbc_57353803/> ''The Scotsman'' considered her arrest as an example of the Chinese government's "crushing of dissent in Hong Kong".<ref name=scotsman_3262178>{{Cite web|title=The arrest of a Hong Kong democracy campaigner over lighting a candle is a warning to the world – Scotsman comment|url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/opinion/columnists/hong-kong-democracy-campaigner-chow-hang-tungs-arrest-is-a-warning-to-the-world-about-china-scotsman-comment-3262178|access-date=5 June 2021|website=The Scotsman|language=en|archive-date=5 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605231040/https://www.scotsman.com/news/opinion/columnists/hong-kong-democracy-campaigner-chow-hang-tungs-arrest-is-a-warning-to-the-world-about-china-scotsman-comment-3262178|url-status=live}}</ref> Chow was released on bail on 5 June,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hongkongfp.com/2021/06/07/group-behind-hong-kongs-tiananmen-massacre-vigil-vows-to-stand-firm-after-pro-beijing-figure-warns-it-should-disband/|title=Group behind Hong Kong's Tiananmen Massacre vigil vows to 'stand firm' after pro-Beijing figure warns it should disband|first=Rhoda|last=Kwan|work=Hong Kong Free Press|date=7 June 2021|access-date=7 June 2021}}</ref> but was arrested again on 30 June. On 2 July she appeared in court, which adjourned her case to 30 July whilst refusing to grant her bail.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hongkongfp.com/2021/07/02/hong-kong-tiananmen-massacre-vigil-leader-chow-hang-tung-denied-bail-over-banned-2021-vigil/|title=Hong Kong Tiananmen Massacre vigil leader Chow Hang-tung denied bail over banned 2021 vigil|first=Candice|last=Chau|work=Hong Kong Free Press|date=2 July 2021|access-date=3 July 2021|archive-date=2022-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331145723/https://hongkongfp.com/2021/07/02/hong-kong-tiananmen-massacre-vigil-leader-chow-hang-tung-denied-bail-over-banned-2021-vigil/|url-status=live}}</ref> After further bail denials on 9<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hongkongfp.com/2021/07/09/hong-kong-court-orders-barrister-who-organised-tiananmen-vigil-to-remain-in-custody/|title=Hong Kong court orders barrister who organised Tiananmen vigil to remain in custody|first=Kelly|last=Ho|work=Hong Kong Free Press|date=2021-07-09|access-date=10 November 2022}}</ref> and 23 July,<ref>{{Cite web|title=鄒幸彤保釋覆核被拒|url=https://news.mingpao.com/ins/%e6%b8%af%e8%81%9e/article/20210723/s00001/1627029605616/%e9%84%92%e5%b9%b8%e5%bd%a4%e4%bf%9d%e9%87%8b%e8%a6%86%e6%a0%b8%e8%a2%ab%e6%8b%92-%e9%82%84%e6%8a%bc7%e6%9c%8830%e6%97%a5%e5%86%8d%e8%a8%8a|access-date=3 August 2021|website=明報新聞網 – 即時新聞 instant news|language=zh-hant|archive-date=3 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803120218/https://news.mingpao.com/ins/%E6%B8%AF%E8%81%9E/article/20210723/s00001/1627029605616/%E9%84%92%E5%B9%B8%E5%BD%A4%E4%BF%9D%E9%87%8B%E8%A6%86%E6%A0%B8%E8%A2%AB%E6%8B%92-%E9%82%84%E6%8A%BC7%E6%9C%8830%E6%97%A5%E5%86%8D%E8%A8%8A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=否認煽惑他人參與六四集會 鄒幸彤：悼念無罪，我不認罪 續還柙至 10 月開審 {{!}} 立場報道 |url=https://www.thestandnews.com/court/ab%E5%90%A6%E8%AA%8D%E7%85%BD%E6%83%91%E4%BB%96%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%83%E8%88%87%E5%85%AD%E5%9B%9B%E9%9B%86%E6%9C%83-%E9%84%92%E5%B9%B8%E5%BD%A4%E6%82%BC%E5%BF%B5%E7%84%A1%E7%BD%AA%E6%88%91%E4%B8%8D%E8%AA%8D%E7%BD%AA-%E7%BA%8C%E9%82%84%E6%8A%BC%E8%87%B3-10-%E6%9C%88%E9%96%8B%E5%AF%A9 |access-date=3 August 2021 |website=Stand News |language=zh |location=Hong Kong |archive-date=3 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803120218/https://www.thestandnews.com/court/ab%E5%90%A6%E8%AA%8D%E7%85%BD%E6%83%91%E4%BB%96%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%83%E8%88%87%E5%85%AD%E5%9B%9B%E9%9B%86%E6%9C%83-%E9%84%92%E5%B9%B8%E5%BD%A4%E6%82%BC%E5%BF%B5%E7%84%A1%E7%BD%AA%E6%88%91%E4%B8%8D%E8%AA%8D%E7%BD%AA-%E7%BA%8C%E9%82%84%E6%8A%BC%E8%87%B3-10-%E6%9C%88%E9%96%8B%E5%AF%A9 |url-status=live }}</ref> she was granted bail on 5 August on the condition of posting a cash bail and a surety of HK$50,000 ($6,400), handing over all travel documents, and submitting a declaration that she does not hold a BNO passport. Her case was scheduled for 5 October.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hongkongfp.com/2021/08/05/hong-kong-tiananmen-massacre-vigil-organiser-chow-hang-tung-granted-bail/|title=Hong Kong Tiananmen Massacre vigil organiser Chow Hang-tung granted bail|first=Candice|last=Chau|work=Hong Kong Free Press|date=5 August 2021|access-date=5 August 2021|archive-date=29 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229143508/https://hongkongfp.com/2021/08/05/hong-kong-tiananmen-massacre-vigil-organiser-chow-hang-tung-granted-bail/|url-status=live}}</ref>
Chow was arrested again on 8 September 2021, after the Alliance had rejected a demand by police to surrender information regarding allegations that the Alliance was an "agent of foreign forces". Three other members of the Alliance were arrested at the same time,<ref name="reuters_20210908">{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/police-arrest-vice-chairwoman-hong-kong-democracy-group-2021-09-08/|title=Hong Kong police arrest 4 members of group behind Tiananmen vigil|first1=Tyrone|last1=Siu|first2=Jessie|last2=Pang|work=Reuters.com|date=8 September 2021|access-date=8 September 2021|archive-date=2021-09-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908085558/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/police-arrest-vice-chairwoman-hong-kong-democracy-group-2021-09-08/|url-status=live}}</ref> and a fourth one the following day.<ref name="thestandard_20210910">{{cite web|url=https://www.thestandard.com.hk/section-news/section/2/234092/More-pain-for-vigil-alliance|title=More pain for vigil alliance|first=Maisy|last=Mok|work=The Standard|date=10 September 2021|access-date=13 September 2021|archive-date=13 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913195000/https://www.thestandard.com.hk/section-news/section/2/234092/More-pain-for-vigil-alliance|url-status=live}}</ref> Also on 9 September, police froze {{Currency|2 million|HKD|first=yes|passthrough=yes}}' worth of assets of the Alliance, and charged Chow, alongside Ho, Lee and the Alliance itself with "incitement to subversion", a crime under the national security law, over the banned 2020 vigil.<ref name="hkfp_20210910_a">{{cite web|url=https://hongkongfp.com/2021/09/10/hong-kong-national-security-police-freeze-hk2-2-worth-of-assets-from-tiananmen-massacre-vigil-group-as-leaders-charged/|title=Hong Kong national security police freeze HK$2.2 million worth of assets from Tiananmen Massacre vigil group, as leaders charged|first=Rhoda|last=Kwan|work=Hong Kong Free Press|date=10 September 2021|access-date=13 September 2021|archive-date=29 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229143509/https://hongkongfp.com/2021/09/10/hong-kong-national-security-police-freeze-hk2-2-worth-of-assets-from-tiananmen-massacre-vigil-group-as-leaders-charged/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 10 September, the court rejected the bail application of Chow over the latter charge.<ref name="hkfp_20210910_b">{{cite web|url=https://hongkongfp.com/2021/09/10/hong-kong-tiananmen-massacre-vigil-group-leader-denied-bail-over-inciting-subversion-national-security-charge/|title=Hong Kong Tiananmen Massacre vigil group leader denied bail over 'inciting subversion' national security charge|first=Candice|last=Chau|work=Hong Kong Free Press|date=10 September 2021|access-date=13 September 2021|archive-date=31 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331145728/https://hongkongfp.com/2021/09/10/hong-kong-tiananmen-massacre-vigil-group-leader-denied-bail-over-inciting-subversion-national-security-charge/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 13 December, she was sentenced to 12 months in prison over the banned 2020 vigil.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/china/hong-kong-activists-get-up-14-months-prison-banned-tiananmen-vigil-2021-12-13/|title=Hong Kong activists get up to 14 months in prison for banned Tiananmen vigil|first1=Jessie|last1=Pang|first2=Edmond|last2=Ng|work=Reuters|date=13 December 2021|access-date=16 December 2021|archive-date=14 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214084455/https://www.reuters.com/world/china/hong-kong-activists-get-up-14-months-prison-banned-tiananmen-vigil-2021-12-13/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 4 January 2022, she was jailed for another 15 months over the banned 2021 vigil; the judge ordered 10 months of the sentence to be served consecutively with the December sentence, meaning that Chow was to spend a total of 22 months in jail.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hongkongfp.com/2022/01/04/breaking-hong-kong-tiananmen-massacre-vigil-group-ex-leader-convicted-over-2021-banned-rally/|title=Ex-organiser of Hong Kong Tiananmen Massacre vigil jailed for 15 months over banned 2021 commemoration|first=Candice|last=Chau|work=Hong Kong Free Press|date=4 January 2022|access-date=4 January 2022|archive-date=31 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331145741/https://hongkongfp.com/2022/01/04/breaking-hong-kong-tiananmen-massacre-vigil-group-ex-leader-convicted-over-2021-banned-rally/|url-status=live}}</ref> The judge did not accept the reasoning of Chow, who defended herself, that she had wanted to "incite others not to forget June 4", not encourage a gathering, which the judge dismissed as "simply unbelievable". During the mitigation hearing the same day, Chow, who had pleaded not guilty, was reading from the memoirs of families of people killed at Tiananmen until admonished by the judge, who said that the court would not allow Chow to make a political statement.<ref name="bbc_20210104">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-59864810|title=Hong Kong: Activist gets 15-month jail term for Tiananmen vigil|agency=BBC News|date=4 January 2021|access-date=5 January 2021|archive-date=4 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220104060016/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-59864810|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="wsj_20220525"/>
On 14 December 2022, Chow won an appeal against her 15-month sentence over the banned 2021 vigil. The presiding judge said in a written statement that police "did not raise measures or conditions to be considered" in order to let the vigil take place during the pandemic.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hongkongfp.com/2022/12/14/breaking-ex-organiser-of-hong-kong-tiananmen-vigil-chow-hang-tung-wins-appeal-against-conviction-and-sentencing/|title=Ex-organiser of Hong Kong Tiananmen vigil Chow Hang-tung wins appeal against conviction and sentencing|first=Hillary|last=Leung|work=Hong Kong Free Press|date=14 December 2022|access-date=15 December 2022}}</ref> An application by the Hong Kong government to appeal against this ruling was approved by the Court of Final Appeal in June 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hongkongfp.com/2023/06/08/top-hong-kong-court-approves-govt-application-to-appeal-acquittal-of-former-tiananmen-vigil-activist/|title=Top Hong Kong court approves gov't application to appeal acquittal of former Tiananmen vigil activist|first=James|last=Lee|work=Hong Kong Free Press|date=8 June 2023|access-date=9 June 2023}}</ref> On 25 January 2024 Chow's acquittal was overturned by a panel of five judges in favor of the prosecution. She remained in a maximum security prison having been denied bail due to her separate national security charge, and due to her conviction, together with Hong Kong Alliance members Tang Ngok-kwan and Tsui Hon-kwong, to 4.5{{nbsp}}months in jail in March 2023 over the refusal to comply with the data demand.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-25 |title=Hong Kong court overturns acquittal of Tiananmen vigil activist Chow Hang-tung |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-and-crime/article/3249725/hong-kongs-top-court-overturns-acquittal-tiananmen-vigil-activist-chow-hang-tung-after-justice |first=Sammy |last=Heung |access-date=25 January 2024 |work=South China Morning Post |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240125084903/https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-and-crime/article/3249725/hong-kongs-top-court-overturns-acquittal-tiananmen-vigil-activist-chow-hang-tung-after-justice|archive-date=2024-01-25|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://hongkongfp.com/2024/01/25/breaking-top-hong-kong-court-overturns-tiananmen-activist-chow-hang-tungs-acquittal-over-2021-vigil/|title=Top Hong Kong court overturns Tiananmen activist Chow Hang-tung's acquittal over 2021 remembrance vigil|first=James|last=Lee|work=Hong Kong Free Press|date=25 January 2024|access-date=25 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://hongkongfp.com/2023/03/11/breaking-3-hong-kong-tiananmen-vigil-group-activists-sentenced-to-4-5-months-in-jail-for-refusing-national-security-data-demand/|title=3 Hong Kong Tiananmen vigil group activists jailed for 4.5 months for refusing national security data demand|first=Candice|last=Chau|work=Hong Kong Free Press|date=11 March 2023|access-date=14 June 2024}}</ref> The retrial at the High Court ended on 21 February 2024 with the 15-month sentence being upheld.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hongkongfp.com/2024/02/21/hong-kong-tiananmen-vigil-activist-chow-hang-tung-to-serve-rest-of-15-month-jail-term-after-sentence-upheld/|title=Hong Kong Tiananmen vigil activist Chow Hang-tung to serve rest of 15-month jail term after sentence upheld|first=Hillary|last=Leung|work=Hong Kong Free Press|date=21 February 2024|access-date=22 February 2024}}</ref>
On 28 May 2024, Chow was arrested for alleged publication of seditious social media posts, in connection with a Facebook page related to the impending anniversary of the Tiananmen crackdown. The arrests were the first under the Safeguarding National Security Ordinance that had taken effect in March 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/hong-kong-article-23-security-law-first-arrests-85606b3a413ca82d002353214f1eb044|title=Hong Kong police arrest 6 people accused of violating the city's new national security law|first=Kanis|last=Leung|work=AP|date=28 May 2024|access-date=29 May 2024}}</ref>
Chow regularly represented herself in court cases.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hongkongfp.com/2024/08/02/detained-activist-chow-hang-tung-launches-legal-bid-after-4-anti-authority-books-kept-from-her-by-prison-dept/|title=Detained activist Chow Hang-tung launches legal bid after 4 'anti-authority' books kept from her by prison dept.|first=Hillary|last=Leung|work=Hong Kong Free Press|date=2 August 2024|access-date=2 August 2024}}</ref>
== International reactions == The United Nations Human Rights Council released a statement on 12 October 2021 which said that four of its human rights experts (Fionnuala Ní Aoláin, Clément Nyaletsossi Voule, Irene Khan and Mary Lawlor) had submitted a detailed analysis to the Chinese central government regarding the national security law. In its criticism of the law, which it described, in the wording of the statement, as exhibiting "fundamental incompatibility with international law and with China's human rights obligations", it specifically expressed deep concern about the arrest of Chow and about her right to a free trial in view of her having been denied bail twice.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=27648&LangID=E|title=Hong Kong: Arrests under security law are serious concern, UN experts call for review|publisher=United Nations Human Rights Council|date=12 October 2021|access-date=13 October 2021|archive-date=13 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211013183710/https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?LangID=E&NewsID=27648|url-status=live}}</ref> A report by the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention which was issued after a meeting in March and April 2023 rejected the legal basis for Chow's arrest and said that "no trial of Ms. Chow should take place." The Hong Kong government rejected that report and, at the same time, warned against commenting on ongoing legal cases, as became known through a UN report in August 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hongkongfp.com/2024/09/12/hong-kong-govt-rejected-claims-detention-of-activist-chow-hang-tung-is-arbitrary-un-report-says/|title=Hong Kong gov't rejected claims detention of activist Chow Hang-tung is 'arbitrary,' UN report says|first=Hans|last=Tse|work=Hong Kong Free Press|date=12 September 2024|access-date=1 October 2024}}</ref>
=== Awards === * Franco-German Prize for Human Rights and the Rule of Law 2023<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hongkongfp.com/2023/12/13/detained-hong-kong-activist-chow-hang-tung-awarded-human-rights-prize-by-france-germany/|title=Detained Hong Kong activist Chow Hang-tung awarded human rights prize by France, Germany|first=James|last=Lee|work=Hong Kong Free Press|date=13 December 2023|access-date=28 May 2024}}</ref> * CCBE Human Rights Award 2023, Council of Bars and Law Societies of Europe<ref name="ccbe">{{cite web |title=CCBE Human Rights Award 2023 |url=https://www.ccbe.eu/fileadmin/speciality_distribution/public/documents/Pressreleases/2023/EN_HR_20231122_PR_0423.pdf |website=Council of Bars and Law Societies of Europe |date=n.d.|access-date=17 May 2024}}</ref> * 2023 Gwangju Prize for Human Rights, by the South Korean May 18 Foundation<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.voanews.com/a/pressured-by-china-south-korean-ngo-stands-firm-on-rights-award-/7090625.html|title= Pressured by China, South Korean NGO Stands Firm on Rights Award|first1=William|last1=Gallo|first2=Juhyun|last2=Lee|work=VOA|date=12 May 2023|access-date=28 May 2024}}</ref>
==See also== * List of Chinese pro-democracy activists
== References == {{Reflist|3}}
== External links == {{Commons category}} * {{Facebook}}
{{s-start}} {{s-npo}} {{s-bef|before=Mak Hoi-wah}} {{s-ttl|title=Vice Chairman of Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China|years=2015–2021}} {{s-non|reason=''Organization dissolved''}} {{s-end}} {{Footer Gwangju Prize for Human Rights laureates}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chow, Hang-tung}} Category:Alumni of the University of Hong Kong Category:Hong Kong politicians Category:Barristers of Hong Kong Category:Hong Kong democracy activists Category:Political prisoners held by Hong Kong Category:Chinese anti-communists Category:Living people Category:1985 births