Tomogashima

{{Short description|Island group in Wakayama, Japan}} [[File:友が島・紀淡海峡PA071003.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Jinoshima, Okinoshima, and Awaji Island]] thumb|Views of Tomogashima (1798)

{{nihongo|'''Tomogashima'''|友ヶ島}} is a cluster of four islands in the Inland Sea, off Wakayama, Wakayama, Japan. The four islands are {{nihongo|Jinoshima|地ノ島}}, {{nihongo|Kamishima|神島}}, {{nihongo|Okinoshima|沖ノ島}}, and {{nihongo|Torajima|虎島}}. The islands form part of the Setonaikai National Park.<ref name="Tomogashima">{{cite web |url=http://www.pref.wakayama.lg.jp/prefg/000200/photomuseum/108.html |title=Photo Museum - Tomogashima |publisher=Wakayama Prefecture |accessdate=1 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.env.go.jp/park/setonaikai/intro/files/area_1.pdf |title=Setonaikai National Park - Map 1 |publisher=Ministry of the Environment |accessdate=1 February 2012}}</ref>

==History== The islands were used by Buddhist monks for Shugendō. The folklore of the region holds that ''Ennogyoja'', the founder of shugendo, underwent training on the steep cliffs of Tomogashima in the seventh to eighth centuries. This gave rise to the nickname of "The island of shugendo (mountain asceticism)" for Tomogashima. The first mound of the Katsuragi 28 Shuku is located on Torajima ("Tiger Island").<ref name=Katsuragi2001>{{cite book|author=垂井俊憲|title=犬鳴山修験道葛城二十八宿を巡る: 垂井俊憲写真集|publisher= 東方出版|date=2001|isbn=9784885917028|language=ja}}</ref><ref name=Shugendo2023>{{cite book|author=宮家準|title=修験道の経・講式・和讃・唱言|publisher=春秋社|date=2023|isbn=9784393291375|pages=193-198|language=ja}}</ref>

Later, during the Meiji period, a brick fort and lighthouse were built.<ref name="Tomogashima"/><ref name="BM">{{cite web |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/asia/v/views_of_tomogashima,_a_handsc.aspx |title=Views of Tomogashima, a handscroll painting |publisher=British Museum |accessdate=1 February 2012}}</ref> Also during this time gun batteries and other defences, along with various support facilities, were constructed to counter foreign warships. Tomogashima was a critical component of the Shusei Kokubō (守勢国防 - i.e. "Static Defence") policy of the 1870s and 1880s, which emphasised coastal defences. Access to the cluster by the public was strictly prohibited by the Imperial Japanese Army up to the end of World War II.<ref name=warriorpoet>[http://the-japan-news.com/news/article/0000350367 '''Whispers of priests and warriors / Military past pervades Tomogashima island'''] '''The Japan News''' ''by the Yomiuri Shimbun'', July 14th, 2013.</ref>

==Depictions in art== Tomogashima is the subject of a scroll of 1661 in the Shōgo-in in Kyoto by Kanō Tan'yū as well as an anonymous work of 1798 in the British Museum.<ref name="BM"/><ref>{{cite book |author=Hirayama Ikuo & Kobayashi Tadashi, ''edd''. |title=秘藏日本美術大觀 (Hizō Nihon bijutsu taikan), Vol. 2 |publisher=Kodansha |year=1992}}</ref> The island is the basis for the fictional Hitogashima Island in the Summer Time Rendering manga and anime series.

==Climate== {{Weather box|width=auto |location = Tomogashima (1998−2020 normals, extremes 1998−present) |single line = Y |metric first = Y |Jan record high C = 17.8 |Feb record high C = 20.2 |Mar record high C = 21.4 |Apr record high C = 26.7 |May record high C = 30.1 |Jun record high C = 33.2 |Jul record high C = 36.1 |Aug record high C = 37.2 |Sep record high C = 35.6 |Oct record high C = 31.7 |Nov record high C = 24.9 |Dec record high C = 22.9 |Jan record low C = -2.6 |Feb record low C = -1.6 |Mar record low C = 0.7 |Apr record low C = 4.4 |May record low C = 9.0 |Jun record low C = 14.6 |Jul record low C = 18.8 |Aug record low C = 19.9 |Sep record low C = 15.4 |Oct record low C = 10.5 |Nov record low C = 3.7 |Dec record low C = 0.3 |Jan high C = 9.9 |Feb high C = 10.2 |Mar high C = 13.4 |Apr high C = 18.0 |May high C = 22.3 |Jun high C = 25.2 |Jul high C = 28.9 |Aug high C = 31.2 |Sep high C = 28.4 |Oct high C = 23.1 |Nov high C = 17.7 |Dec high C = 12.5 |Jan mean C = 6.8 |Feb mean C = 6.8 |Mar mean C = 9.5 |Apr mean C = 14.0 |May mean C = 18.3 |Jun mean C = 21.7 |Jul mean C = 25.4 |Aug mean C = 27.1 |Sep mean C = 24.5 |Oct mean C = 19.7 |Nov mean C = 14.7 |Dec mean C = 9.5 |Jan low C = 4.4 |Feb low C = 4.2 |Mar low C = 6.5 |Apr low C = 10.9 |May low C = 15.4 |Jun low C = 19.4 |Jul low C = 23.3 |Aug low C = 24.7 |Sep low C = 22.1 |Oct low C = 17.3 |Nov low C = 12.2 |Dec low C = 7.1 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 41.5 |Feb precipitation mm = 57.7 |Mar precipitation mm = 86.7 |Apr precipitation mm = 83.6 |May precipitation mm = 124.2 |Jun precipitation mm = 166.2 |Jul precipitation mm = 148.4 |Aug precipitation mm = 105.5 |Sep precipitation mm = 178.8 |Oct precipitation mm = 171.6 |Nov precipitation mm = 89.9 |Dec precipitation mm = 62.0 |year precipitation mm = 1288.0 |unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm |Jan precipitation days = 5.4 |Feb precipitation days = 6.6 |Mar precipitation days = 8.6 |Apr precipitation days = 8.6 |May precipitation days = 8.9 |Jun precipitation days = 11.2 |Jul precipitation days = 9.9 |Aug precipitation days = 6.4 |Sep precipitation days = 9.7 |Oct precipitation days = 8.9 |Nov precipitation days = 5.7 |Dec precipitation days = 5.8 |Jan sun = 158.0 |Feb sun = 150.8 |Mar sun = 190.0 |Apr sun = 196.6 |May sun = 219.1 |Jun sun = 165.1 |Jul sun = 200.6 |Aug sun = 244.5 |Sep sun = 176.5 |Oct sun = 171.5 |Nov sun = 153.7 |Dec sun = 149.6 |year sun = 2200.5 |source 1 = Japan Meteorological Agency<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/rank_a.php?prec_no=65&block_no=1457&year=&month=&day=&view=h0 |script-title=ja:観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値） | publisher = JMA | access-date = March 4, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_amd_ym.php?prec_no=65&block_no=1457&year=&month=&day=&view=h0 |script-title=ja:気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値） | publisher = JMA | access-date = March 4, 2022}}</ref>}}

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== * [https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/asia/v/views_of_tomogashima,_a_handsc.aspx Views of Tomogashima] (British Museum)

Category:Islands of Wakayama Prefecture Category:Forts in Japan Category:Coastal fortifications Category:Imperial Japanese Army Category:Empire of Japan Category:19th-century fortifications in Japan