{{Short description|Hakka Chinese businessman, banker and kapitan}} {{family name hatnote|張 (Tjong)||lang=Chinese Indonesian}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Majoor Tjong A Fie<br />{{linktext|張|耀|軒}} | native_name = Tjong Yiauw Hian | birth_name = Tjong Fung Nam | image = COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Studioportret van Tjong A Fie Majoor der Chinezen in Medan TMnr 10018656.jpg | caption = Tjong A Fie, photographed by Charles J. Kleingrothe | birth_date = 1860 | birth_place = Meixian District, Canton Province, China | death_date = 4 February 1921 (age 61) | death_cause = Brain apoplexy | death_place = Medan, Dutch East Indies | office = Majoor der Chinezen of Medan | term_start = 1911 | term_end = 1921 | predecessor = Kapitein Tjong Yong Hian | successor = Kapitein Oen Gan The | constituency = | office2 = | term_start2 = | term_end2 = | predecessor2 = | successor2 = | constituency2 = | office3 = | term_start3 = | term_end3 = | predecessor3 = | successor3 = | constituency3 = | party = | occupation = | majority = | relations = | spouse = | children = | website = | footnotes = }} {{Infobox Chinese | t={{linktext|張|耀|軒}} | s={{linktext|张|耀|轩}} | phfs=Chông Yeu Hian | p=Zhāng Yàoxuān | gr=Jang Yawshiuan | bpmf=ㄓㄤ ㄧㄠˋ ㄒㄩㄢ | showflag=h }}
'''Tjong A Fie, Majoor der Chinezen''' (1860–1921), or '''Tjong Yiauw Hian''' (spelled in Hakka Chinese dialect, {{lang-zh|first=t|t={{linktext|張|耀|軒}}|s={{linktext|张|耀|轩}}|p=''Zhāng Yàoxuān''}}; Hakka Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Chông Yeu Hian),<ref>{{Citation | last = Suryadinata | first = Leo | title = Prominent Indonesian Chinese: Biographical Sketches | edition = 3rd | publisher = Institute of Southeast Asian Studies | place = Singapore | year = 1995 | isbn = 978-981-3055-04-9 | postscript = .}}</ref> birth name '''Zhang Hongnan''' ({{lang-zh|t=張鴻南|s=张鸿南|p=Zhāng Hóngnán|links=no}}), was a Hakka Chinese businessman, banker and kapitan (Chinese major) who built a large plantation business in Sumatra, Indonesia.<ref name="dua">{{in lang|id}} [http://www.tjongafieinstitute.com/web/history.html Tjong A Fie Memorial Institute – History] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20090227081345/http://www.tjongafieinstitute.com/web/history.html |date=27 February 2009 }}, ''Tjong A Fie Memorial Institute''. Retrieved in 12 Mei 2010.</ref><ref name="tiga">{{in lang|id}} [http://www.harian-global.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=33089:aku-bukan-china-tjong-a-fie-aset-medan&catid=93:china-town&Itemid=107 Aku Bukan China – Tjong A Fie Aset Medan]{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}, ''harian global''. Retrieved in 12 Mei 2010.</ref><ref name="lima">{{in lang|id}} [http://www.hariansumutpos.com/2009/07/memori-kejayaaan-tjong-a-fie-1.html Memori Kejayaaan Tjong A Fie (1)], ''hariansumutpos''. Retrieved in 12 Mei 2010.</ref> Tjong A Fie built his business that employed more than 10,000 labor workers.<ref name="dua"/><ref name="lima"/> Because of his great success, he maintained a good relationship with the ruler of Deli, including the ninth Sultan of Deli, Sultan Ma'mun Al Rashid Perkasa Alamyah and Dutch authorities.<ref name="dua"/><ref name="tiga"/><ref name="lima"/>
In 1911, Tjong A Fie was appointed as a Kapitan Cina (''Majoor der Chineezen'') or major of the Chinese community in Medan, replacing his deceased brother Tjong Yong Hian.<ref name="dua"/><ref name="lima"/> As a leader of the community, he was well thought of and respected by people, because he was linked with economy and political systems of the city.<ref name="enam">{{in lang|id}} [http://www.medantalk.com/peranan-tjong-a-fie-dalam-pembangunan-di-sumatera/ Peranan Tjong A Fie dalam Pembangunan di Sumatera] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100331082001/http://www.medantalk.com/peranan-tjong-a-fie-dalam-pembangunan-di-sumatera/ |date=31 March 2010 }}, ''medantalk''. Retrieved in 12 Mei 2010.</ref> His enterprises were invested in his palm oil and sugar cane plantations, as well as banks and railroads.<ref name="enam"/><ref name="tujuh">{{in lang|id}} [http://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/123456789/22346/3/Chapter%20III_V.pdf Peranan dan keberadaan Tjong A Fie], ''Universitas Sumatera Utara''. Retrieved 12 November 2014</ref>
== Early life == Tjong was born under the name Tjong Fung Nam (spelled in Hakka Chinese, {{lang-zh|first=t|t={{linktext|張|鴻|南}}|s={{linktext|张|鸿|南}}|p=''Zhāng Hóngnán''}}) from the Hakka lineage in Guangdong (formerly known as Canton) at year 1860. He was also known as Tjong Yiauw Hian, and later in his life finally known as Tjong A Fie (spelled in Hakka Chinese, {{lang-zh|first=t|t={{linktext|張|阿|輝}}|s={{linktext|张|阿|辉}}|p=''Zhāng Āhūi''}}) .<ref name="tujuh"/> He came from a poor family. With his brother, Tjong Yong Hian, Tjong left school and helped in running his father's shop. Although he only had a brief education, Tjong knew the ways of trading and made his family's business successful.<ref name="tujuh"/>
Tjong decided to travel to the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) to seek a better life. At 1875, Tjong A Fie came to Medan and decided to settle down. He was only 18 years old at that time. With little money, he decided to follow his brother, Tjong Yong Hian, who stayed in Medan for five years. At that time, his brother was already a notable leader in Medan.<ref name="tujuh"/>
== Prominence in Medan == [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De menigte in een straat te Medan bij de Chinese begrafenisstoet van de op 4 februari 1921 overleden majoor Tjong A Fie TMnr 60043492.jpg|thumb|right|The crowd around Kesawan street during funeral procession of the deceased Major Tjong A Fie on 4 February 1921]] Tjong was a prominent figure in the development of Medan, as seen through the construction of various buildings utilized by the citizens of Medan past and present. These buildings include Tjong A Fie's Mansion, located in Ahmad Yani Street near the Kesawan area, the Old Mosque or sometimes known as Gang Bengkok Old Mosque, and the clock tower of Medan City Hall, which is located in the intersection between Radan Saleh Street and Kesawan.<ref name="tujuh"/>
At year 1911, Tjong was appointed as Kapitan Cina (Majoor der Chineezen) to lead the Tionghoa community in Medan, replacing his brother, Tjong Yong Hian. Tjong was a highly respected person; he was also a master of the economics and politics of Medan. His business kingdom covered banks, railroads, plantations, which included palm oil plants and sugar plants.<ref name="tujuh"/>
While he carried out his duties as a Kapitan, Tjong succeeded in developing his individual business and the city of Medan. One of those developments included building the Kesawan Bank as a forerunner for financial security in Medan. The construction of educational facilities, hospitals, houses of worship and other public facilities has made Tjong as an incredibly influential figure in Medan. These developmental projects were supported by the close relationship of Tjong with the Sultanate of Deli, the ruler of the Land Deli (also known as Medan) at the time.<ref name="tujuh"/>
== Family and personal life == thumb|left|250px|Tjong family, 1920s Back in China, Tjong married a woman with the family name of Lee. Upon arriving in Medan, he married a lady named Chew from Penang and had three children, named Tjong Kong Liong, Tjong Jin Song and Tjong Kwei Jin. Madame Chew died a few years later for unknown reasons. There is no historical record of these three children after the death of Madame Chew. Tjong married again several years later to Lim Koei-Yap from Binjai. He had seven children from this marriage.<ref name="tujuh"/>
Several of Tjong's grandchildren and great-grandchildren had grown up together in Medan. After Tjong's demise and subsequent social instability in Indonesia, some of them moved overseas to countries including Malaysia, Singapore, Netherlands, USA, UK, Scotland and Belgium while a few stayed in Medan, Bali and Jakarta. They remain in close contact till today despite the distance.<ref name="tujuh"/>
== Tjong A Fie Mansion == {{Main|Tjong A Fie Mansion}} Tjong's long-time residence is located at Kesawan Street, Medan. The mansion is an architectural mix of Malay, European, and Tionghoa styles and contains forty rooms, each lined with hand-painted floor tiles from Italy and the walls depicting life in China with great detail.<ref name="tujuh"/>
The Tjong A Fie Mansion consists of two floors with each floor having its own designation. The first floor consists of several important rooms, including the right side of the house reserved for ethnically Chinese guests only, while the left side of the house has a room reserved for the Sultan of Deli and his family or guests. The middle room on the ground floor is a reception room for guests—the room has a door ten meters tall and has a Chinese-style wooden door handle. On the back of the ground floor, there are spaces for ancestral worship, private rooms, and Tjong's family room. The top floor of the building is used as a ball room or meeting room; there is also an altar facing the meeting room used as a means of worship by Tjong and his family.<ref name="tujuh"/>
The mansion has two doors, the entrance of which is facing the Ahmad Yani Street in Kesawan and the exit of which is facing the Red Cross Street. The mansion spatially segregated men and women where the right part of building was intended for men and the left for women. This division was not limited to Tjong and his family, but also to guests and workers who settled in the mansion.<ref name="tujuh"/>
Construction of the mansion was completed circa 1900. In 2000, it was included in the list of cultural heritage landmarks protected by legislation in the city of Medan. The mansion has been open to public since 18 June 2009 to commemorate Tjong A Fie's 150th birthday and has been a popular tourist spot.<ref name="tujuh"/>
==References== {{reflist}}
{{s-start}} {{s-gov}} {{s-bef|before=Kapitein Tjong Yong Hian}} {{s-ttl|title=Majoor der Chinezen of Medan|years=1911–1921}} {{s-aft|after=Kapitein Oen Gan The}} {{s-end}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tjong, A Fie}} Category:1860 births Category:1921 deaths Category:Chinese philanthropists Category:Chinese emigrants to the Netherlands Category:Indonesian philanthropists Category:Indonesian businesspeople Category:Indonesian people of Chinese descent Category:Immigrants to the Dutch East Indies Category:Businesspeople from the Dutch East Indies Category:People from Medan Category:People from Meixian District Category:Kapitan Cina Category:Businesspeople from Meizhou