Tivaouane

{{Infobox settlement    |official_name = Tivaouane |other_name = |native_name =  |nickname = |settlement_type = City and commune |total_type = City and commune |motto =  |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map =  |mapsize = 250px |map_caption = |image_map1 = Tivaouane arrondissements.png |mapsize1 = 250px |map_caption1 = Arrondissements of the Tivaouane Department |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map =Senegal  |pushpin_label_position =  |pushpin_map_caption = Location within Senegal |pushpin_mapsize =  |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{SEN}} |subdivision_type1 = Region |subdivision_name1 = Thiès |subdivision_type2 = Department |subdivision_name2 = Tivaouane  |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title =Mayor |leader_name =Demba Diop dit Diop Sy |leader_title1 =  |leader_name1 = |established_title =  |established_date =  |area_magnitude = |unit_pref =  |area_footnotes = <ref name="pop"/> |area_total_km2 = 16.28 |area_land_km2 =  |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent =  |population_as_of = 2023 census |population_footnotes = <ref name="pop">[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/senegal/mun/admin/tivaouane/SN13035200__tivaouane/ Citypopulation.de] Population and area of Tivaouane Commune</ref> |population_note = |population_total = 102658 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_density_sq_mi =  |timezone = |utc_offset = |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|14|57|0|N|16|49|0|W|region:SN|display=inline,title}} |elevation_footnotes =  |elevation_m = |elevation_ft =  |postal_code_type =  |postal_code = |area_code = |website = |footnotes = }} '''Tivaouane''' or '''Tivawan''' ({{langx|wo|Tiwaawan}}; {{langx|fr|Tivaouane}}) is a city and urban commune located in the Thiès Region of Senegal.

==History== Tivaouane was part of the Wolof kingdom of Cayor, and was at one time its capital. It was first described to Europeans in the 15th century by Venetian explorer Luigi Cada-Mosto.

In 1904, it was the fifth largest city in Sénégal after Saint-Louis, Dakar, Rufisque and Gorée.

It is also one of the sacred places of the Tijaniyya Sufi brotherhood. Each week, followers come to visit the tombs of religious leaders, especially that of El-Hadji Malick Sy. Visitors flock each year to celebrate the birth of Muhammad in a festival called the Maouloud (or ''Gamou'', in Wolof, a word borrowed from the Serer word ''Gamahou'' or ''Gamohou -'' meaning "to find the lost heart", which is one of the ancient Serer religious festivals<ref>Diouf, Niokhobaye, "Chronique du royaume du Sine, suivie de Notes sur les traditions orales et les sources écrites concernant le royaume du Sine par Charles Becker et Victor Martin (1972)". (1972). ''Bulletin de l'IFAN'', tome 34, série B, no 4, 1972, pp. 706–7 (pp. 4–5), pp. 713–14 (pp. 9–10).</ref>).

The influence of the Muslim brotherhoods of Senegal helps to explain the dramatic demographic growth of the city, which had a population of less than 7900 in 1960. thumb|180px|Mosque of Serigne Babacar Sy In 2003, the mosque and zawia (Muslim school) of El-Hadji Malick Sy, the mosque of {{ill|Serigne Babacar Sy|lt=Serigne Babacar Sy|fr|Serigne Babacar Sy}} and the railway station were added to the list of Senegalese historic monuments.<ref>[http://www.culture.gouv.sn/article.php3?id_article=137 Arrêté du 27 mars 2003] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207094223/http://www.culture.gouv.sn/article.php3?id_article=137 |date=2012-02-07 }}</ref>

In 2022, the recently inaugurated {{ill|Abdou Aziz Sy|lt=Mame Abdou Aziz Sy Dabakh|fr|Abdou Aziz Sy}} Hospital in Tivaouane caught fire due to a short circuit. The neonatal department burned down to the ground, with 11 newborn babies dead.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=628efcb7fc2fb576dc00c1b8%26Eleven%20newborn%20babies%20die%20in%20Senegal%20hospital%20fire%262022-05-26T04%3A35%3A50.262Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:76787529-b51a-4eee-8685-698ec7ef9122&pinned_post_asset_id=628efcb7fc2fb576dc00c1b8&pinned_post_type=share | title=Eleven newborn babies die in Senegal hospital fire | publisher =BBC News |access-date=2022-05-26 }}</ref>

==Administration== Tivaouane is the capital of the Tivaouane Department in the région de Thiès.

==Geography== Tivaouane is a regional transport hub, where the ''route nationale n° 2'' connecting Dakar and Saint-Louis passes near Thiès.

The nearest small towns are Yendam, Keur Massamba Daguene, Selko, Ndiagane, Keur Assane, {{ill|Ndiassane|lt=Ndiassane|fr|Ndiassane}} et Sintiou Pir.

==Population== Between the censuses of 1988 and 2002, Tivaouane grew from 27,117 to 38,213 inhabitants. The 2023 census counted 102,658 residents.

In 2007, according to official estimates, the population has grown to 39,766, which makes it the 15th largest city in Senegal.

Wolofs are the largest ethnic group in the area. {{citation needed|date=October 2016}}{{dubious|date=October 2016}}

==Economy== Tivaouane is in an agricultural region, at the heart of the ''bassin arachidier'' of Arachide oil (Peanut oil) production.

Catering to religious gatherings and celebrations also plays a great role in the economy.

==See also==

===Bibliography=== * Translation of Fr:Wikipedia Article. *{{in lang|fr}} Aboubacar Diaw Seydi, ''L’évolution de la population de Tivaouane depuis le début du siècle'', Dakar, Université de Dakar, 1988, 3 + 94 p. + 8 p. (Mémoire de Maîtrise de géographie) *{{in lang|fr}} Cheikh Tidiane Fall, ''El Hadji Malick Sy à Tivaouane de 1902 à 1922'', Dakar, Université de Dakar, 1986, 92 p. (Mémoire de Maîtrise)

==Notes== {{Reflist}}

==External links== *{{in lang|en}} [https://www.fallingrain.com/world/SG/07/Tivaouane.html Maps, weather and airports for Tivaouane] {{webarchive |url=https://archive.today/20071025134747/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/SG/7/Tivaouane.html |date=2007-10-25}} *{{in lang|fr}} [http://cemababacarsy.tripod.com/ Site du CEM Ababacar Sy] (Collège d'enseignement moyen de Tivaouane)

Category:Populated places in Thiès region Category:Communes of Senegal