Kiryat Tiv'on

{{Infobox settlement | name = Kiryat Tiv'on | native_name = {{Lang|he|{{Script/Hebrew|קִרְיַת טִבְעוֹן}}|rtl=yes}}<br />كريات طيفون | settlement_type = Local council (from 1958) | translit_lang1 = Hebrew | translit_lang1_type1 = ISO 259 | translit_lang1_info1 = Qiryat Ṭibˁon | translit_lang1_type3 = Also spelled | translit_lang1_info3 = Qiryat Tiv'on (official) | image_skyline = Tiveon 072.jpg | image_caption = View of Kiryat Tivon | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map = Israel haifa#Israel | pushpin_mapsize = 250 | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|32|43|26|N|35|7|38|E|region:IL|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = {{Flag|Israel}} | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = {{flag|Haifa District|name=Haifa}} | leader_title = Head of Municipality | leader_name = Ido Greenblum | unit_pref = dunam | area_total_dunam = {{formatnum:8419|R}} | population_footnotes = {{Israel populations|reference}} | population_total = {{Israel populations|Qiryat Tiv'on}} | population_as_of = {{Israel populations|Year}} | demographics_type1 = Ethnicity | demographics1_footnotes = {{Israel populations|reference}} | demographics1_title1 = Jews and others | demographics1_info1 = 99.3% | demographics1_title2 = Arabs | demographics1_info2 = 0.7% | population_density_km2 = auto }}

'''Kiryat Tiv'on''' ({{langx|he|קִרְיַת טִבְעוֹן}}, also '''Qiryat Tiv'on''') is a town in the Haifa District of Israel, in the hills between the Zvulun (Zebulon) and Jezreel valleys. Kiryat Tiv'on is located {{convert|15|km|mi}} southeast of Haifa, on the main road to Nazareth. Kiryat Tiv'on is the result of the municipal merger of several older settlements, '''Tiv'on''' (est. 1946), '''Elro'i''' (est. 1935), '''Kiryat Haroshet''' (est. 1935) and '''Kiryat Amal''' (est. 1937). On the outskirts of Tiv'on is a Bedouin township called Basmat Tab'un. In 2022 Kiryat Tiv'on had a population of 19,130.{{Israel populations|reference}}

In the area of Kiryat Tivon, one can find the National Park and the World Heritage Site Beit She'arim, the Sanhedrin's Seat and the burial place of Rabbi Judah ha-Nasi, as well as the sculpture of Alexander Zaid, who resided in the area with his family and was murdered nearby.

===Ancient Israel=== An ancient Jewish town called Tiv'on existed in the general area. It was mentioned in the Talmud and Mishnah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kkl-jnf.org/tourism-and-recreation/tours/kiryat-tivon-tour.aspx|title=Kiryat Tivon Excursion to the Giant Oak and Mastic}}</ref> It is mentioned several times in Talmudic literature in connection with various sages, some of whom lived there.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/tivon| title = Tivon {{!}} Encyclopedia.com}}</ref>

===Ottoman Empire=== In 1859, the village of ''Tubaun''<ref>from tảba: to press or stamp, according to Palmer, 1881, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/117/mode/1up 117]</ref> was estimated to have a tillage of 22 feddans.<ref name="SWP273">Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/273/mode/1up 273]</ref> In 1875, Victor Guérin found that the village had 200 inhabitants.<ref>Guérin, 1880, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr01unkngoog#page/n411/mode/1up 398]-399</ref> In 1881, the PEF's ''Survey of Western Palestine'' (SWP) described ''Tubaun'' as a small adobe village, on high ground, at the edge of the wood.<ref name="SWP273" /> A population list from about 1887 showed that ''Tuba'un'' had about 90 inhabitants; all Muslims.<ref>Schumacher, 1888, p. [https://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme19pale#page/n200/mode/1up 175]</ref>

===British Mandate=== The 1922 census of Palestine showed that ''Tub'un'' had 151 inhabitants, all Muslim.<ref>Barron, 1923, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n35/mode/1up 33]</ref>

The area was acquired by the Jewish community as part of the Sursock Purchase. In 1925 a Zionist organisation purchased 30 feddans in Kiskis (present Alonim) and Tabaun (present Kiryat Tiv'on) from the Sursuk family of Beirut. At the time, there were 36 families living there.<ref>according to [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/ShawSursockTable.png List of villages sold by Sursocks and their partners to the Zionists since British occupation of Palestine], evidence to the Shaw Commission, 1930</ref> In the 1931 census ''Tabun'' had a population of 239, still all Muslim, in a total of 48 houses.<ref>Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 96]</ref> From 1931 to 1935, a significant land controversy arose from competing claims by the Jewish Agency and Arab tenant farmers over the area, culminating in a violent clash between local Bedouins and Jewish watchmen in 1935.<ref>Avneri, 1984, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=8Teb4dKHQcoC&pg=PA156 156-7]</ref>

In the 1945 statistics, ''al Tivon'' (Alonim) (previously ''Qusqus Taboun'') had 370 Muslim and 320 Jewish inhabitants, with a total land area of 5,823 dunams.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. [http://cs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p15.jpg 15]</ref><ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Haifa/Page-049.jpg 49]</ref> Of this, 141 dunams were used for plantations and irrigable land, 2,038 for cereals,<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Haifa/Page-092.jpg 92]</ref> while 3,644 dunams were classified as non-cultivable land.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Haifa/Page-142.jpg 142]</ref> thumb|Kiryat Amal 1938 thumb|Kiryat Amal 1939 thumb|Tiv’on 1945

===Modern Israel=== The symbol of Kiryat Tiv'on is the cyclamen, a flower that grows between the rocks, reflecting the town's appreciation of nature and its efforts to preserve the landscape and safeguard the environment.<ref name="Municipality website">http://www.ktv.org.il/ Municipality website</ref>

== Population == According to data from the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (as of the end of September 2020, an estimate), there are 18,312 residents living in Kiryat Tivon. The population has been growing at an annual rate of 3%. The percentage of those eligible for a matriculation certificate among 12th-grade students in the academic year 2020-2021 was 84.1%. The average monthly salary of an employee in 2019 was 12,598 NIS (national average: 9,745 NIS).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kiryat Tivon's profile |url=https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/publications/doclib/2022/local_authorities20_1879/945_2300.pdf |website=Israel Central Bureau of Statistics}}</ref>

== Characteristics of Kiryat Tivon == === Climate === The climate conditions in the area are considered comfortable. The annual average temperature difference is 19 Celsius degrees. The average temperature between day and night is 10 degrees Celsius. The average humidity is 65% - 70%. The number of sunny days per year ranges from 20 to 40 days, and heavy overcast days range from 3 to 6 days. The average annual rainfall is 700 millimeters.<ref>{{Cite web |title=about Kiryat Tivon |url=https://ktv.org.il/240/ |website=Kiryat Tivon municipal website}}</ref>

=== Flora === In the hilly area within the boundaries of the settlement and its vicinity, grow remnants of the Quercus ithaburensis forest, Styrax officinalis, Pistacia atlantica, a Mediterranean forest, as well as a new intensive forest of Pine trees planted by the Jewish National Fund (AKA Keren Kayemet LeYisrael). Among the Tabor oak trees stands the ancient oak tree with a trunk circumference of 5.3 meters. Benches have been placed around it as a corner of remembrance for the soldier Ilan Gabbai,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ilan Gabay's memorial page |url=https://www.izkor.gov.il/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%9F%20%D7%92%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99/en_444af3aac39f0b065adae7735cdfbbcc |website=izkor website}}</ref> a paratrooper officer who died in the Second Lebanon War.

One-third of the settlement's area is covered with trees.<ref>{{Cite news |title=העשירים בצל, העניים חשופים: מפה חדשה מראה שהשמש לא קופחת על כולם באופן שווה |language=he |work=הארץ |url=https://www.haaretz.co.il/nature/2023-05-04/ty-article-magazine/00000187-d6b8-d9b4-abaf-febe57220000 |access-date=2023-11-07}}</ref>

==Education== * Oranim Academic College,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oranim.ac.il/sites/heb/about/about-oranim-en/Pages/default.aspx|title=about oranim college|website=www.oranim.ac.il|access-date=2016-10-21|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161029142658/http://www.oranim.ac.il/sites/heb/about/about-oranim-en/pages/default.aspx|archive-date=2016-10-29}}</ref> for educational studies. * Ramat Hadassah youth village,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jewishagency.org/JewishAgency/English/Israel/YouthFutures/YouthAliyah/Szold |title=About Ramat Hadassah Youth Village |access-date=2009-03-31 |archive-date=2012-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826004140/http://www.jewishagency.org/JewishAgency/English/Israel/YouthFutures/YouthAliyah/Szold/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> founded by the Jewish Agency for Israel. * Kfar Tikvah, village for disabled people.

==Landmarks== The town is best known for the national park, Beit She'arim, which borders it on the southwest. Beit Shearim was an important Jewish spiritual center and necropolis during the Roman period, and was once the seat of the Sanhedrin.

==Notable people== * David Elazar, former Chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces * Mordechai Gur, former Chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces * Tal Friedman, actor and comedian * Yoni Eilat, actor and singer * Tomer Hemed, footballer * Frank Lowy, Australian businessman and third richest man in Australia as of 2016 * Rina Mor, lawyer, Miss Israel 1976 and Miss Universe 1976 * Hilla Nachshon, TV host, model and actress. * Sara Netanyahu, wife of Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu * Eliezer Smoli, children's author * Yaacov Ayish, Israeli Defense Attaché * Ze'ev Razieli, Head of the Local Committee of Tivon 1949–1950

==Twin towns – sister cities== {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Israel}} Kiryat Tiv'on is twinned with:

*{{flagicon|GER}} Braunschweig, Germany<ref name="Braunschweig twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.braunschweig.de/kultur_tourismus/stadtportraet/partnerstaedte/index.html|title=Braunschweigs Partner und Freundschaftsstädte|access-date = 2013-08-07|work=Stadt Braunschweig [City of Braunschweig]|language=de|trans-title=Braunschweig - Partner and Friendship Cities|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121201122754/http://www.braunschweig.de/kultur_tourismus/stadtportraet/partnerstaedte/partner_freundschaftsstaedte.html|archive-date=2012-12-01}}</ref> *{{flagicon|FRA}} Compiègne, France *{{flagicon|CRO}} Čakovec, Croatia

== See also == * Alexander Zaid

== References == {{Reflist|25em}}

==Bibliography== {{refbegin}} *{{cite book|title=The Claim of Dispossession: Jewish Land-settlement and the Arabs, 1878-1948|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Teb4dKHQcoC |first=Arieh L. |last=Avneri |year=1984 |publisher=Transaction Publishers |isbn=0-87855-964-7}} *{{cite book |editor =Barron, J.B. |title = Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 |url=https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922 |publisher = Government of Palestine |year = 1923}} *{{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|author-link1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=H.H.|author-link2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp01conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund|volume=1}} *{{cite book|title=Village Statistics, April, 1945 |url=http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390|author=Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics|year=1945}} *{{cite book|last=Guérin|first=V.|author-link=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr01unkngoog|volume=3: Galilee, pt. 1|year=1880|publisher= L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=fr}} *{{cite book|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|first=S.|last=Hadawi|author-link=Sami Hadawi|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center}} *{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=E.H.|author-link=Edward Henry Palmer|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer|publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund}} *{{cite journal | last = Schumacher | first =G.| author-link = Gottlieb Schumacher | title = Population list of the Liwa of Akka | journal = Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund | volume = 20 | pages = 169–191 | url =https://archive.org/details/quarterlystateme19pale | year = 1888}} {{refend}}

== External links == {{commons category}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071229045707/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/939403.html New version of old self-defense group guards Jewish farmlands ] *Survey of Western Palestine, Map 5: [http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8368 IAA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928061006/http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8368 |date=2018-09-28 }}, [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.05.jpg Wikimedia commons]

Category:Kiryat Tiv'on Category:Local councils in Haifa District

Kiryat Tiv'on

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