{{Infobox settlement <!-- Basic info ----------------> |name = Tindirma |other_name = |native_name = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --> |nickname = |settlement_type =Commune and village |motto = <!-- images and maps -----------> |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |pushpin_map =<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --> |pushpin_label_position =bottom |pushpin_mapsize =300 |pushpin_map_caption =Location in Mali <!-- Location ------------------> |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{flag|Mali}} |subdivision_type1 = Region |subdivision_name1 = Tombouctou Region |subdivision_type2 =Cercle |subdivision_name2 = Diré Cercle |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |<!-- Politics -----------------> |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --> |leader_name1 = |established_title = <!-- Settled --> |established_date = <!-- Area ---------------------> |area_magnitude = |unit_pref =Imperial <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = <!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--> <!-- Population -----------------------> |population_as_of =1998 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total =3419 |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title =Ethnicities |population_blank1 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- General information ---------------> |timezone =GMT |utc_offset = +0 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = <!-- {{coord|||region:ML_type:city|display=inline,title}} --> |elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> |postal_code = |area_code = |blank_name = Climate |blank_info = BWh |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |website = |footnotes = }} ''' Tindirma ''' is a village and commune of the Cercle of Diré in the Tombouctou Region of Mali. As of 1998 the commune had a population of 3,419.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mali-reforme-telecom.mctmtl.com/previsions.pdf|title=Previsions de desserte des communes pour la periode de 2001-2005|publisher=Mali Reforme Telecom|access-date=February 23, 2009|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040829024117/http://mali-reforme-telecom.mctmtl.com/previsions.pdf|archivedate=August 29, 2004}}</ref>
==History== Established in 1496, Tindirma was once a Jewish community founded by Iberian Sephardi Jews who had been expelled from Spain and Portugal. Jewish graves and structures still remain in Tindirma.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://escholarship.org/content/qt7rc4d9p5/qt7rc4d9p5.pdf?t=o869l8 |title=Beyond the Saharan Cloak: Uncovering Jewish Identity from Southern Morocco and throughout the Sahara |publisher=Ufahamu: A Journal of African Studies |accessdate=2021-12-13}}</ref> Tindirma quickly became an important trade and administrative town within the Songhai Empire, becoming the capital of the western provinces and the seat of the powerful ''Kurmina-fari''. The town was destroyed by Askia Ishaq II in 1588 after a rebellion.<ref name = Levtzion>{{cite book |last1=Levtzion |first1=Nehemiah |author1-link=Nehemiah Levtzion |editor1-last=Oliver |editor1-first=Ronald |title=The Cambridge History of Africa Volume 3: From c.1050 to c.1600 |date=1977 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781139054577 |page=441 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/the-cambridge-history-of-africa/C022553858696B7F0FF6728ED795B8E1 |access-date=12 March 2024 |chapter= 5 - The western Maghrib and Sudan }}</ref>
In 1963, the ethnic consciousness of Jewish descendants living in Tindirma was revived after local fishermen wanted to build a village on top of the remains of ''Al Yahudi Cemetery'', causing local Jews to rise up in strong opposition.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://iajgscemetery.org/africa/mali/tinderma |title=TINDERMA (Tindirma): |publisher=International Jewish Cemetery Project |accessdate=2021-12-13}}</ref>
==See also== *Jews of Bilad el-Sudan
==References== {{reflist}}
{{Communes of the Tombouctou Region}}
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Category:1496 establishments Category:Communes of Tombouctou Region Category:Historic Jewish communities in West Africa Category:Jews and Judaism in Mali Category:Portuguese-Jewish diaspora in Africa Category:Sephardi Jewish culture in Africa Category:Spanish diaspora in Africa Category:Spanish-Jewish diaspora
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