Timeline of Tangier

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Tangier, Morocco.

Ancient Ages

• 42 CE – Tingis becomes capital of the Roman province of Mauretania Tingitana.^[1]
• 429 CE – Vandals take Tingis.^[1]

Middle Ages

• 534 - Conquered by the Eastern Roman Empire ^{[citation needed]}
• 700s – Arab rule begins.
• 927 – Caliphate of Córdoba
• 1026 – Taifa of Málaga
• 1026 – Taifa of Ceuta
• 1078 – Almoravid dynasty rule^[2]
• 1147 – Almohad dynasty
• 1244 – Marinid dynasty (1244–1465).
• 1304 – Ibn Battuta is born.
• 1437 – Battle of Tangier, attempt by a Portuguese expeditionary force to seize the citadel of Tangier, and their subsequent defeat by the armies of the Marinid sultanate .
• 1471 – Portuguese of Tangier rule (1471–1661) begins, under Afonso V of Portugal.^[3][4][2]
• 1580 - Spain in power.^[4] (Iberian Union)
• 1656 - Portugal in power again.^[4] (Portuguese Restoration War)

Modern Ages

• 1661 – English Tangier (1661–1684), English colonial rule.^[5][4]
• 1677 – The English banished all Jews from Tangiers.^[5]
• 1678 – City besieged by forces of Moulay Ismail.^[1]
• 1684 – Moroccan rule begins with end of English Tangier.^[3][4]
• 1815 – Grand Mosque of Tangier rebuilt.^[6]
• 1821 – American Legation building in use.
• 1844
  • 6 August: Bombardment of Tangiers (by the French).^[4]
  • October: Treaty of Tangiers signed in city.
• 1883 – Al-Moghreb al-Aksa newspaper begins publication.^[7]

20th century

• 1904 – Journal de Tanger newspaper begins publication.^[8]
• 1905
  • La Dépêche marocaine newspaper begins publication.
  • Anglican Church of St. Andrew consecrated.
• 1905/06 - First Moroccan Crisis leading to the Algeciras Conference
• 1910 - Population: 40,000 (approximate figure).^[4]
• 1911 - Agadir Crisis & Treaty of Fes (1912)
• 1913 – Gran Teatro Cervantes opens.^[9]
• 1917 – Sidi Bou Abib Mosque built.^[6]
• 1920 – Gran Cafe de Paris in business.^[10]
• 1921 – Café Hafa opens.
• 1925 – Tangier International Zone in effect, per Tangier Protocol.
• 1937 – Dean's Bar in business.^[1]
• 1939 – Stade de Marchan (stadium) built.^{[citation needed]}
• 1940 – 14 June: City occupied by Spanish forces.^[5]
• 1945 – 11 October: City returned to international status.^[11]
• 1947
  • Sultan Mohammed V of Morocco gives speech at the Grand Socco.^[12]
  • American writer Paul Bowles moves to Tangier.^[13]
• 1948 – Cinema Rif opens.^[14]
• 1952 – 30 March: Political demonstration.^[5]
• 1956
  • 8 October: City becomes part of independent Morocco;^[3] Tangier International Zone disestablished.^[12]
• 1960 – Population: 141,714.^[15]
• 1973 – Population: 185,850.^[16]
• 1983 – Ittihad Riadi Tanger football club formed.
• 1993 – Population: 307,000 urban agglomeration (estimate).^[17]

21st century

• 2005 – Rabat–Tangier expressway constructed.
• 2003 - Tanger-Med (industrial port complex) supervisory board created.
• 2006 – Cinematheque de Tanger opens.^[18]
• 2008
  • Tanger-Med port begins operating near city.^[19]
  • Tangier Ibn Battouta Airport new terminal building opens.
• 2011
  • Grand Stade de Tanger (stadium) opens.
  • Kenitra–Tangier high-speed rail line construction begins.
• 2014 - Population: 998,972 (estimate).^[20]
• 2015 – City becomes part of the Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima administrative region.

See also

• Tangier history
• Chronology of Tangier (in French)
• List of governors of Tangier, 15th to 17th centuries
• Timelines of other cities in Morocco: Casablanca, Fez, Marrakesh, Meknes, Rabat, Salé
• Timeline of Morocco

References

1. ^ Rough Guide to Morocco. Rough Guides. 2013. ISBN 978-1-4093-3267-1.
2. ^ Hsain Ilahiane (2006). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of the Berbers (Imazighen). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6490-0.
3. ^ Aguiar 2005.
4. ^ Britannica 1910.
5. ^ Watson 1996.
6. ^ "ArchNet". Retrieved 30 October 2014.
7. ^ "Tangier (Morocco) – Newspapers". Global Resources Network. Chicago, US: Center for Research Libraries. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
8. ^ "Morocco: Directory". Europa World Year Book 2004. Europa Publications. 29 July 2004. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
9. ^ "Lost in Tangier", New York Times, 10 September 2010
10. ^ Shoemake 2013.
11. ^ "Reestablishment of the International Regime in Tangiers". Vol. XIII. 330. US: US Department of State. October 21, 1945. pp. 613–618.
12. ^ Susan Gilson Miller (2013). "Chronology". History of Modern Morocco. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-81070-8.
13. ^ Christopher Petkanas (20 May 2011), "Last Casbah", New York Times
14. ^ "Movie Theaters in Tangier, Morocco". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
15. ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966.
16. ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.
17. ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1995 Demographic Yearbook. New York: United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division. 1997. pp. 262–321.
18. ^ "Morocco". Art Spaces Directory. New York: New Museum. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
19. ^ The Report: Morocco 2012. Oxford Business Group. 2012. ISBN 978-1-907065-54-5.
20. ^ "Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", "Demographic Yearbook – 2018", United Nations

Bibliography

Published in 19th century

• Ali Bey al-Abbasi (1816), "Chapters 2–4 (Tangier)", "Travels of Ali Bey in Morocco, Tripoli, Cyprus, Egypt, Arabia, Syria, and Turkey, Between the Years 1803 and 1807", Philadelphia: John Conrad, OCLC 754174
• Arthur de Capell Brooke (1831). "Tangier". Sketches in Spain and Morocco. London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley. OCLC 13783280
• Vol. 23. p. 46.
• H.M.P. de la Martinière (1889). "(Tangier)". Morocco: Journeys in the Kingdom of Fez and to the Court of Mulai Hassan. London: Whittaker & Co. OCLC 4428176

Published in 20th century

• S. L. Bensusan (1904). Morocco. London: A and C Black.
• Ch. Brossard (ed.) (1906). "Maroc: Description des villes: Tanger". Colonies françaises (in French). Géographie pittoresque et monumentale de la France. Paris: Flammarion (+ table of contents)
• Vol. 26. 1910. pp. 397–398.
• "Tangier", "The Mediterranean", Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1911, OCLC 490068
• Noelle Watson (ed.) (1996). "Tangier". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa. UK: Routledge. pp. 665+. ISBN 978-1884964039.

Published in 21st century

• Mark Ellingham (2001), "Tangier", "Rough Guide to Morocco", 6th ed., London: Rough Guides, p. 79+
• Marian Aguiar (2005). "Tangier". Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience. 2nd ed. Kwame Anthony Appiah and Henry Louis Gates (ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 120. ISBN 978-0-19-517055-9.
• Kevin Shillington (ed.) (2005). "Tangier". Encyclopedia of African History. Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 978-1-57958-245-6.
• Michael R.T. Dumper & Bruce E. Stanley (eds.) (2008). "Tangier". Cities of the Middle East and North Africa. Santa Barbara, US: ABC-CLIO
• Zoubir Chattou (2011). "Tanger à la croisée de nouvelles recompositions territoriales et de mobilités transnationales" [Tangier, transnational mobilities and territorial restructuring] (in French). Méditerranée. 116 (116): 133–138. doi:10.4000/mediterranee.5447. – via Revues.org
• Martin Malcolm Elbl. Portuguese Tangier (1471-1662): Colonial Urban Fabric as Cross-Cultural Skeleton (Baywolf Press: Toronto and Peterborough, 2013) ISBN 978-0-921437-50-5.
• Josh Shoemake (2013). Tangier: A Literary Guide for Travellers. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-0-85773-376-4.

External links

• "(Articles related to Tangier)". Connecting-Africa. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre
• Christian Zimmermann (ed.). "(Tangier)". Research Papers in Economics. US: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. (Bibliography)
• "(Tangier)". Directory of Open Access Journals (Bibliography of open access articles)
• Map of Tangier, 1943