Timeline of Prayagraj

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}} {{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}} This is a '''timeline of the [[History of Allahabad|history]] of the city of [[Prayagraj]]''', [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. {{Dynamic list}}

==7th century BCE== {{center|'''c. 600'''}} *Excavations have revealed [[Northern Black Polished Ware]] dating to [[Iron Age in India|Indian Iron Age]].<ref name="Dubey2001">{{cite book|author=Shiva Kumar Dubey|title=Kumbh city Prayag|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DHzXAAAAMAAJ|access-date=4 November 2014|publisher=Centre for Cultural Resources and Training|pages=31–41|year=2001}}</ref>

==4th century BCE== {{center|'''312'''}} *A strong fortification at Prayaga was recorded by [[Seleucus I Nicator]] at the junction of [[Ganga river|Ganga]] and [[Yamuna river]].<ref name="MHBI HSB p95">{{cite book |last=Bhatia |first=H. S. |date=1 January 2008 |title=Military History of British India, 1607-1947 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lrjr7P2HMfkC&q=history+of+allahabad&pg=PA96 |publisher=Deep and Deep Publications |page=95 |isbn= 9788184500790|access-date=2 November 2014 }}</ref>

==3rd century BCE== {{center|'''250'''}} *A sculptured monument ([[Pillars of Ashoka]]) was erected in Prayaga by [[Ashoka the Great]] for inscribing [[Edicts of Ashoka|his edicts]].<ref name="MHBI HSB p95"/> ==3rd century CE== {{center|'''240'''}} *Early [[Gupta Empire|Guptas]] under [[Sri Gupta]] fanned out from Prayag.<ref>{{Citation |last=Sharma |first=R.S. |title=Rise and Growth of the Gupta Empire |date=2007-01-25 |work=India’s Ancient Past |pages=242 |editor-last= |editor-first= |url=https://academic.oup.com/book/27690/chapter-abstract/197832883?redirectedFrom=fulltext&login=true |access-date= |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-568785-9 |quote=UP therefore seems to have been the place from where the Guptas operated and fanned out in different directions. Probably with their centre of power at Prayag, they spread into the neighbouring regions.}}</ref> ==4th century CE== {{center|'''350'''}} *In the [[Allahabad pillar|Prayag Prasasti]], Sri Gupta and [[Ghatotkacha]] are given the title of [[Mahārāja]] while [[Chandragupta I]] and [[Samudragupta]] are referred to as ''Mahārājādhirāja''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kumar |first=Sanjeev |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mN0UEQAAQBAJ |title=Treasures of the Gupta Empire: A Numismatic History of the Golden Age of India |date=18 July 2024 |publisher=Archaeopress Publishing Ltd |isbn=978-1-80327-796-7 |page=28 |language=en}}</ref>

==5th century CE== {{center|'''455'''}} *Prayag remains imperial capital until the reign of [[Kumaragupta I]], later in about 455 CE, emperor [[Skandagupta]] shifted the center of power to [[Ayodhya]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/goyal-1967/page/210/mode/1up |title=History Of The Imperial Guptas |language=English |quote=The capital of the Guptas was located somewhere in the eastern part of U. P. The evidence of the Puranas from which we learn that Prayāga was the nucleus of the original Gupta state, the incision of the prasasti of Samudragupta on a stone pillar at Prayāga, the discovery of several other early Gupta inscriptions and numerous hoards of coins from this area, and the possibility of the performance of Asvamedha at Prayāga by Samudragupta bring out the fact that at least in the early part of their history, the Guptas had their capital at Prayāga. [...] Later on, however, Ayodhyā was made the formal residence of the emperor, for, Paramartha, a Buddhist scholar of the Gupta age refers to this city as the capital of Vikramaditya i.e. Skandagupta who appointed Vasubandhu as the teacher of his crown-prince Bālāditya}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bakker |first=Hans |date=1982-01-01 |title=The rise of Ayodhyā as a place of pilgrimage |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/iij/24/2/article-p103_2.xml |journal=Indo-Iranian Journal |language=en |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=103–126 |doi=10.1163/000000082790081267 |issn=0019-7246 |quote=During the reign of either the emperor Kumāragupta or, more probably, that of his successor Skandagupta (AD 455–467), the capital of the empire was moved from Pāțaliputra to Ayodhyā...|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==7th century CE== {{center|'''612'''}} *[[Harsha]]'s official coronation and a religious conference took place in the city.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bhattacherje |first=S. B. |date=1 May 2009 |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oGVSvXuCsyUC&q=Allahabad&pg=SL1-PA63 |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd |pages=A-16 |isbn= 9788120740747|access-date=24 March 2014 }}</ref>

The Chinese traveler [[Xuanzang]] (Hiuen Tsang) described a ritual organized by Emperor [[Shiladitya]] (identified with [[Harsha]]) at the confluence of two rivers, in the kingdom of Po-lo-ye-kia (identified with Prayaga). He also mentions that many hundreds took a bath at the confluence, to wash away their sins.<ref name="Xuanzang">[http://www.sdstate.edu/projectsouthasia/upload/Xuan-Zang-Book-V.pdf Buddhist Records of the Western World, Book V] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051904/http://www.sdstate.edu/projectsouthasia/upload/Xuan-Zang-Book-V.pdf |date=2016-03-04 }} by Xuan Zang</ref> According to some scholars, this is earliest surviving historical account of the [[Allahabad Kumbh Mela|Prayaga Kumbh Mela]], which took place in Prayaga in 644 CE.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Dilip Kumar Roy |author2=Indira Devi |title=Kumbha: India's ageless festival |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TtZKAAAAMAAJ |year=1955 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |page=xxii}}</ref> However, Xuanzang's reference is about an event that happened every 5 years (and not 12 years), and might have been a Buddhist celebration (since Harsha was a Buddhist emperor).<ref name="Kama_ET_2010">{{cite news |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-02-10/news/37008284_1_kumbh-mela-prayag-haridwar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130213141857/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-02-10/news/37008284_1_kumbh-mela-prayag-haridwar |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 February 2013 |title=Kumbh mela dates back to mid-19th century, shows research |date=2013-02-10 |newspaper=Economic Times |author=Vikram Doctor }}</ref><ref name="KM_2003">{{cite journal |jstor=3591863 |title=Making the Colonial State Work for You: The Modern Beginnings of the Ancient Kumbh Mela in Allahabad |author=Kama MacLean |journal=The Journal of Asian Studies |volume=62 |issue=3 |date=August 2003 |doi=10.2307/3591863 |pages=873–905 |s2cid=162404242 }}</ref>

==10th century CE== {{center|'''916'''}} *[[Pratihara Empire]] including Prayaga and [[Kannauj]] was captured and plundered by [[Indra III]] under the reign of [[Mahipala I]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Bhattacherje |first=S. B. |date=1 May 2009 |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oGVSvXuCsyUC&q=Allahabad&pg=SL1-PA63 |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd |pages=21 |isbn= 9788120740747|access-date=24 March 2014 }}</ref>

==12th century CE== {{center|'''1194'''}} *The city was invaded by [[Muhammad of Ghor|Shihab ad-Din]], the [[sultan]] of [[Ghurid Empire]].<ref>{{cite book |author= |title=The Imperial Gazetteer of India v. 5 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V05_237.gif |publisher=[[Clarendon Press]] |page=299 |access-date=6 November 2014 |edition=New }}</ref>

==14th century CE== {{center|'''c. 1300 – c. 1400'''}} *City went under the [[Khalji dynasty]], ruled by [[Alauddin Khalji]].<ref name="MHBI HSB p96"/>

==16th century CE== {{center|'''c. 1575 – c. 1583'''}} *''[[Akbarnama]]'' mentions that the [[Mughal emperor]] Akbar founded a great city in Prayag. [[`Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni]] and [[Nizamuddin Ahmad]] mention that Akbar laid the foundations of an Imperial City at Prayag which he called ''Ilahabas''.<ref name=Ujagir>{{cite book|title=Allahabad: a study in urban geography|author=Ujagir Singh|publisher=[[Banaras Hindu University]]|year=1958|pages=31–32}}</ref>

The [[Allahabad Fort]] was built by [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Akbar]] at Prayag. He had been impressed with its strategic position, as it sat on the confluence of Ganga and Yamuna, with the fort allowing for any movement along both.<ref name=Kumbh62>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MALacgnsroMC&pg=PA62|title=Pilgrimage and Power: The Kumbh Mela in Allahabad, 1765-1954|page=62|publisher=Oxford University Press|author=Kama Maclean|year=2008|isbn=9780195338942}}</ref>

{{center|'''c. 1574 – c. 1584'''}} * Per [[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak|Abu'l Fazal]], Akbar laid the foundations of a city called ''Ilahabas'' at the town of Prayag on 13 November 1583.<ref name="Surendra">{{cite book|title=Subah of Allahabad under the great Mughals, 1580-1707|page=85|publisher=[[Jamia Millia Islamia]]|author=Surendra Nath Sinha|year=1974}}</ref> * Per [[`Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni]], the date of its founding as 14 June 1574.<ref name=Surendra/> * [[Nizamuddin Ahmad]] mentions two different dates, one as 13 July 1574. He also mentioned Akbar laying the foundation in the section about occurrences in the year 1584.<ref name=Surendra/>

{{center|'''1580'''}} *Akbar divides his empire into 12 subahs based on names of the country or their capital. The "Subah of Ilahabas" is created.<ref name="Surendra"/>

==17th century CE==

* [[Prince Salim]] seizes its treasury and establishes himself as a virtually independent ruler.<ref name=Eraly>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=04ellRQx4nMC&pg=PA223|title=Emperors of the Peacock Throne: The Saga of the Great Mughals|page=223|publisher=[[Penguin Books|Penguin Books India]]|author=Abraham Eraly|year=2000|author-link=Abraham Eraly|isbn=9780141001432}}</ref> In May 1602, Salim had his name read in [[Jumu'ah|Friday prayers]] and his name minted on coins in Illahabas. Akbar reconciled with Salim and the latter returned to the royal court in 1604.<ref name=Richards>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HHyVh29gy4QC&pg=PA55|title=The Mughal Empire, Part 1, Volume 5|page=55|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|author=John F. Richards|year=1995|author-link=John F. Richards|isbn=9780521566032}}</ref>

{{center|'''c. 1622'''}} *[[Prince Khusrau]] died that year.<ref>Mahajan V.D. (1991, reprint 2007) ''History of Medieval India'', Part II, New Delhi: S. Chand, {{ISBN|81-219-0364-5}}, pp.126-7</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Melton |first=J. Gordon |date=15 January 2014 |title=Faiths Across Time: 5,000 Years of Religious History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bI9_AwAAQBAJ&q=khusrau+mirza+died&pg=PA1163 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |page=1163 |isbn= 9781610690263|access-date=3 November 2014 }}</ref> After his death his father [[Jahangir]] built his mausoleum in the city along with his mother and sister at [[Khusro Bagh]].<ref name="MHBI HSB p96">{{cite book |last=Bhatia |first=H. S. |date=1 January 2008 |title=Military History of British India, 1607-1947 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lrjr7P2HMfkC&q=history+of+allahabad&pg=PA96 |publisher=Deep and Deep Publications |page=96 |isbn= 9788184500790|access-date=2 November 2014 }}</ref>

==18th century CE== {{center|'''1721'''}} *[[Muhammad Khan Bangash]] of the [[Mughal Empire]] became the [[subahdar]] ([[governor]]) of Illahabas Province.<ref name="beck">{{cite web|url=http://www.san.beck.org/2-10-Marathas1707-1800.html|publisher=san.beck.org|title=Marathas and the English Company 1707-1818 by Sanderson Beck|access-date=11 January 2017}}</ref><ref name="bangaloremirror">{{cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/columns/views/Giving-women-their-due-in-history/articleshow/49896877.cms|publisher=bangaloremirror.com|title=Giving women their due in history - Bangalore Mirror|access-date=11 January 2017}}</ref> {{center|'''1735'''}} *City fell into the hands of [[Maratha Empire]] until 1750.<ref name="MHBI HSB p96"/> {{center|'''1750'''}} *[[Pathans of Uttar Pradesh#Pathans of Qaimganj and Farrukhabad|Pathans of Farrukhabad]] sacked the city.<ref name="MHBI HSB p96"/> {{center|'''1753'''}} *[[Safdarjung]], the [[Nawab of Awadh]] seized the city and held it until 1765.<ref name="MHBI HSB p96"/> {{center|'''1765'''}} *12 August: [[Treaty of Allahabad]] was signed. The Treaty marks the political and constitutional involvement and the beginning of [[Company rule in India]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Bhattacherje |first=S. B. |date=1 May 2009 |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oGVSvXuCsyUC&q=Allahabad&pg=SL1-PA63 |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd |pages=A-96 |isbn= 9788120740747|access-date=24 March 2014 }}</ref>

==19th century CE==

{{center|'''1801'''}} *[[Annexation]] of the city by the [[British East India Company]] (beginning the [[Company rule]]).<ref>''Everyman's Dictionary of Dates''; 6th ed. J. M. Dent, 1971; p. 32</ref><ref name="MHBI HSB p97">{{cite book|last=Bhatia|first=H. S.|date=1 January 2008|title=Military History of British India, 1607-1947|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lrjr7P2HMfkC&q=history+of+allahabad&pg=PA96|publisher=Deep and Deep Publications|page=97|isbn= 9788184500790|access-date=2 November 2014 }}</ref> {{center|'''1803'''}} *The 17th century [[Jade Terrapin]] was found at the bottom of a well during engineering excavations. It was bequeathed it to the [[British Museum]] in 1830.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://research.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=218365&page=1&partId=1&plaA=41326-3-2&place=41326|title=figure|website=British Museum}}</ref> {{center|'''1821'''}} *Population: 20,000.<ref name="censusindia1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.populstat.info/Asia/indiat.htm|title=INDIA : urban population|website=www.populstat.info}}</ref><ref name="The Far East and Australasia">{{cite book|title=The Far East and Australasia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LclscNCTz9oC&q=allahabad+population+census+2001&pg=PA469|publisher=Psychology Press|page=469|isbn=9781857431339|year= 2002}}</ref> {{center|'''1833'''}} *The city became the seat of [[Ceded and Conquered Provinces]] before the capital was shifted to [[Agra]] in 1835.<ref name="MHBI">{{cite book|author=H.S. Bhatia|title=Military History of British India: 1607 - 1947|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lrjr7P2HMfkC&q=history+of+allahabad&pg=PA96|access-date=16 February 2014|publisher=Deep and Deep Publications'|isbn=978-81-8450-079-0|page=97|year=2008}}</ref> {{center|'''1839'''}} *[[List of churches in Prayagraj#Holy Trinity Church|Holy Trinity Church]], the first church in the city, was established.<ref name=toi2013>{{cite news|title=Lecture on churches of Allahabad|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/Lecture-on-churches-of-Allahabad/articleshow/17869365.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|date=3 January 2013|access-date=3 January 2019}}</ref><ref name=toi35dec2012>{{cite news|title=THE HOLY TRINITY CHURCH, ALLAHABAD|url=http://hindustantimes.newspaperdirect.com/epaper/viewer.aspx|publisher=Hindustan Times (Lucknow)|date=25 December 2012}}</ref> {{center|'''1856'''}} *[[Rail transport]] was introduced to the city; the first railway line between [[Calcutta]] and Prayagraj was completed.<ref name="books.google.com">{{cite book|title=Town Planning Regeneration of Cities|author=Joshi, A.|date=2008|publisher=New India Pub. Agency|isbn=9788189422820|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UFaGME0XDBkC&pg=PA122|page=122|access-date=11 January 2017}}</ref><ref name="google2">{{cite book|title=Hindu Society of North-Western Province, 1801-1856|author=Jain, P.C.|date=1986|publisher=Puja Publishers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jPttAAAAMAAJ|access-date=11 January 2017}}</ref><ref name="google3">{{cite book|title=The Province of Agra: Its History and Administration|author=Bhanu, D.|date=1957|publisher=Concept|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3sMBAAAAMAAJ|access-date=11 January 2017}}</ref> {{center|'''1857'''}} *Prayagraj was a participant in the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Rebellion of 1857]].<ref name="Menon2003">{{cite book|author=Visalakshi Menon|title=From Movement To Government: The Congress in the United Provinces, 1937–42|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UO-OxAoL4YIC&pg=PA286|access-date=25 September 2012|date=9 October 2003|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=978-0-7619-9620-0|page=286}}</ref> The city, with a number of European troops,<ref name="ThompsonGarratt1962">{{cite book|author1=Edward John Thompson|author2=Geoffrey Theodore Garratt|title=Rise and Fulfilment of British rule in India|year=1962|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6v4gAAAAMAAJ&q=%22European+troops%22|access-date=16 August 2014|publisher=Central Book Depot}}</ref> was the scene of a massacre.<ref name="Pletcher 2010 128">{{cite book|last=Pletcher|first=Kenneth|date=15 August 2010|title=The Geography of India: Sacred and Historic Places|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mjr0X-8jrLAC&q=Allahabad+massacre&pg=PA12|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group|page=128|isbn=9781615301423|access-date=21 March 2014}}</ref> *[[Civil Lines, Prayagraj|Civil Lines]] was built; it was the largest town-planning project carried out in India before the establishment of [[New Delhi]].<ref name=TGEIAAp57>{{cite book|title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture, Volume 3|author=Jonathan M. Bloom, Sheila Blai|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year= 2009|isbn=978-8125013839|page=57|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=un4WcfEASZwC&pg=PA57}}</ref><ref name=AHVLp14>{{cite book|title=A Hand-book for Visitors to Lucknow: With Preliminary Notes on Allahabad and Cawnpore|author=Henry George Keene|publisher=J. Jetley|year= 1875|isbn=81-206-1527-1|pages=14–15|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EfGFMpm8UbAC&pg=PA15|author-link=Henry George Keene (1826–1915)}}</ref> {{center|'''1858'''}} *[[Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning|Earl Canning]], at [[Minto Park, Prayagraj|Minto Park]], read out the declaration of [[Queen Victoria#Empress|Queen Victoria's Proclamation]] which resulted in the complete transfer of control over [[India]] from The [[East India Company]] to the [[government of Britain]] (beginning the [[British Rule]]).<ref name="google4">{{cite book|title=Land and People of Indian States and Union Territories: In 36 Volumes. Uttar Pradesh|author=Bhatt, S.C.|date=2005|volume=28|publisher=Kalpaz publ.|isbn=9788178353845|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FCG5hGZ-hJsC&pg=PA453|page=453|access-date=11 January 2017}}</ref><ref name="bharatonline">{{cite web|url=http://www.bharatonline.com/uttar-pradesh/travel/allahabad/minto-park.html|publisher=bharatonline.co|title=Minto Park - Minto Park Allahabad - Allahabad Minto Park - Madan Mohan Malaviya Park Allahabad India|access-date=11 January 2017}}</ref> *The city became the seat of [[North-Western Provinces]].<ref name="Ashutosh Joshi 01 Jan 2008 237">{{cite book|title=Town Planning Regeneration of Cities|author=Ashutosh Joshi|publisher=New India Publishing|date= 1 January 2008|isbn=978-8189422820 |page=237|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UFaGME0XDBkC&q=Allahabad+capital&pg=PA151}}</ref> *It became the [[List of capitals of India|capital of India]].<ref name="Ashutosh Joshi 01 Jan 2008 237"/> {{center|'''1859'''}} *3 March: First passenger train in [[North India]] ran between Prayagraj and [[Kanpur]]. {{center|'''1861'''}} *Population: 105,900.<ref name="censusindia1"/><ref name="The Far East and Australasia"/> {{center|'''1863'''}} *[[Prayagraj Municipal Corporation]] established as the Municipal Board of Prayagraj.<ref name="books.google.com"/> {{center|'''1864'''}} *[[Allahabad Public Library]] was established.<ref name="T139">{{cite book|title=Town Planning Regeneration of Cities|author=Ashutosh Joshi|publisher=New India Publishing|date= 1 January 2008|isbn=978-8189422820 |page=139 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UFaGME0XDBkC&q=bamrauli+airport&pg=PA41 }}</ref> {{center|'''1865'''}} *''[[The Pioneer (newspaper)|The Pioneer]]'' made its first appearance.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bhattacherje |first=S. B. |date=1 May 2009 |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oGVSvXuCsyUC&q=Allahabad&pg=SL1-PA63 |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd |pages=142 |isbn= 9788120740747|access-date=24 March 2014 }}</ref> *15 August: Construction of the [[Old Naini Bridge]] was completed.<ref name="bl">{{cite web|url=http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/r/019pho000000394u00061000.html|publisher=bl.uk|title=Railway Bridge over Jumna at Allahabad.|access-date=11 January 2017}}</ref> *[[Allahabad Bank]] was established.<ref>{{cite book|last=Rajesh|title=Banking Theory Law N Practice|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PHCQsprFST4C&q=allahabad+bank+established&pg=PA8|publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill Education|page=8|isbn= 9780070091238|access-date=4 November 2014|year=2009}}</ref> {{center|'''1866'''}} *25 November: The [[Allahabad High Court]] was inaugurated. Though it sat in [[Agra]] till 1868.<ref name="Encyclopaedia SBS page142-143">{{cite book|last=Bhattacherje|first=S. B.|date=1 May 2009|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oGVSvXuCsyUC&q=Allahabad&pg=SL1-PA63|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd|pages=142–143|isbn= 9788120740747|access-date=24 March 2014}}</ref> {{center|'''1869'''}} *The [[Allahabad High Court|High Court]] was moved back to Prayagraj from Agra.<ref name="Encyclopaedia SBS page142-143"/> {{center|'''1870'''}} *The building of [[Allahabad Public Library]] was built.<ref name="T139"/> *[[Uttar Pradesh Police|State Police Headquarters]] established in the city.<ref name="T139"/> *[[Chandrashekhar Azad Park]] was built.<ref name="T139"/> {{center|'''1871'''}} *10 April: Foundation stone of [[All Saints Cathedral, Prayagraj|All Saints Cathedral]] was laid.<ref name=toi2001>{{cite news|title=All Saints Cathedral celebrates 130th Anniversary today|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/All-Saints-Cathedral-celebrates-130th-Anniversary-today/articleshow/1388861542.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108121428/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-10-31/lucknow/27252566_1_victoria-tower-130th-anniversary-saints-cathedral|url-status=live|archive-date=8 January 2014|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=31 October 2001}}</ref> *Population: 143,700.<ref name="censusindia1"/><ref name="The Far East and Australasia"/> {{center|'''1877'''}} *[[A. H. Wheeler]] was founded.<ref name="HT-20110819">{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/2011/08/19213751/The-original-Wheeler-dealers.html|title=The original Wheeler dealers|last=Motihar|first=Jhilmil|date=2011-08-19|publisher=HT Media|access-date=9 April 2012|location=New Delhi}}</ref><ref name="TOI-20110904">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-toi/special-report/Train-of-thoughts/articleshow/9855771.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103104003/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-04/special-report/30112094_1_indian-railways-railway-staff-refreshment-rooms|url-status=live|archive-date=2013-01-03|title=Train of thoughts|last=Sethi|first=Atul|date=2011-09-04|access-date=9 April 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]|location=Mumbai}}</ref> {{center|'''1879'''}} *[[St. Joseph's Cathedral, Prayagraj|St. Joseph's Cathedral]] was built.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allahabadinfo.com/church.html|title=Churches in Allahabad|website=allahabadinfo.com|access-date=11 September 2013}}</ref> *[[Mayo Memorial Hall]] was built.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://library.uvic.ca/spcoll/guides/sc131.html|title=Richard Roskell Bayne collection|access-date=2015-08-27|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130704112639/http://library.uvic.ca/spcoll/guides/sc131.html|archive-date=2013-07-04 }}</ref> {{center|'''1881'''}} *Population: 148,500.<ref name="censusindia1"/><ref name="The Far East and Australasia"/> {{center|'''1887'''}} *23 September: [[University of Allahabad]], the fourth oldest University in India, was established.<ref>{{cite book|title=Handbook of Universities, Volume1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKgM7P5iGwgC&q=allahabad+university+established|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|page=17|date=1 January 2006|isbn=81-269-0607-3|access-date=2 November 2014}}</ref> {{center|'''1888'''}} *The fourth conference of the [[Indian National Congress]] addressed in the city by [[George Yule (businessman)|George Yule]].<ref name="HallRose2006">{{cite book|author1=Catherine Hall|author2=Sonya O. Rose|title=At Home with the Empire: Metropolitan Culture and the Imperial World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2oVCvtC1zAEC&pg=PA281|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-46009-5|page=281}}</ref><ref name="G.K. Aggarwal">{{cite book|last=Aggarwal|first=R. C.|title=General Knowledge for all Competitive Exams|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PUhqV1ubluEC&q=landmarks+of+allahabad&pg=PA94|publisher=Bright Publications|pages=94|access-date=14 December 2014}}</ref> {{center|'''1891'''}} *Population: 175,200.<ref name="censusindia1"/><ref name="The Far East and Australasia"/> {{center|'''1892'''}} *The eighth conference of the [[Indian National Congress]] addressed in the city by [[Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee]].<ref name="G.K. Aggarwal"/> {{center|'''1896'''}} *The city was hit by the [[Indian famine of 1896–1897|Famine of 1896]]. A considerable effect was seen in the decrease of the city population during the Census of 1901.<ref name="censusindia1"/><ref>{{cite book|title=The Imperial Gazetteer of India v. 5|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V05_237.gif|publisher=[[Clarendon Press]]|page=230|access-date=6 November 2014 |edition=New }}</ref><ref name="The Far East and Australasia"/> {{center|'''1899'''}} *The fifteenth conference of the [[Indian National Congress]] addressed in the city by [[Romesh Chunder Dutt]].<ref name="G.K. Aggarwal"/>

==20th century== {{center|'''1901'''}} *Population: 172,000.<ref name="censusindia1"/><ref name="The Far East and Australasia"/> {{center|'''1902'''}} *The city became the capital of [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh|United Provinces]] till 1920.<ref name="Ashutosh Joshi 01 Jan 2008 237"/><ref name="Ward2008">{{cite book|author=Kerry Ward|title=Networks of Empire: Forced Migration in the Dutch East India Company|year=2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YNBmIu5m6hAC|access-date=3 August 2012|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-88586-7|page=340}}</ref> *Curzon Bridge was built; it linked the city, through [[rail road]], to the northern regions of the [[Uttar Pradesh|state]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/indiaofficeselect/PhotoShowDescs.asp?CollID=852|title = India Office Select Materials|access-date = 24 May 2013}}</ref> *[[Ewing Christian College]] was established.<ref name="ecc">{{cite web|url=http://www.ecc.ac.in/collg_profile.php|publisher=ecc.ac.in|title=404 Page Not Found|access-date=11 January 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130725215436/http://ecc.ac.in/collg_profile.php|archive-date=25 July 2013}}</ref><ref>Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 5, p. 241</ref> {{center|'''1909'''}} *24 October: ''[[The Leader (Allahabad newspaper)|The Leader]]'' was first published. It circulated until 1967.<ref name=as>{{cite web|url=http://www.asiamap.ac.uk/newspapers/display.php?ID=48&Order=0&Query=indian&View=0&pp=15&RecView=1|quote= Vol. 1, no. 1. (Oct. 24, 1909)-v. 230, no. 20762 (Sept. 6, 1967)|title=The Leader (Allahabad, India)}}</ref><ref name=du>{{cite web|url=http://library.duke.edu/research/subject/guides/south_asian_studies/newspapers.html|title=Newspapers and Periodicals: N4787 The Leader|publisher=Duke University Library System|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100901180906/http://library.duke.edu/research/subject/guides/south_asian_studies/newspapers.html|archive-date=2010-09-01}}</ref> {{center|'''1910'''}} *[[Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences]] was established.<ref name="google">{{cite book|title=Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions|author=Anderson, G.H.|date=1999|publisher=W.B. Eerdmans Pub.|isbn=9780802846808|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oQ8BFk9K0ToC&pg=PA292|page=292|access-date=3 July 2015}}</ref> {{center|'''1911'''}} *18 February: [[Henri Pequet]] carried the [[Airmail#Introduction of the airplane|world's first official airmail]] from Prayagraj to [[Naini, Prayagraj|Naini]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.navhindtimes.in/panorama/first-airmail-flight-world|title=The First Airmail Flight in the World|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105213334/http://www.navhindtimes.in/panorama/first-airmail-flight-world|archive-date=5 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Bhattacherje|first=S. B.|date=1 May 2009|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oGVSvXuCsyUC&q=Allahabad&pg=SL1-PA63|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd|pages=B-17|isbn= 9788120740747|access-date=24 March 2014}}</ref> {{center|'''1913'''}} *[[Prayagraj Clock Tower]] was built in [[Chowk, Prayagraj]].<ref name="Ashutosh Joshi 121">{{cite book|title=Town Planning Regeneration of Cities|author=Ashutosh Joshi|publisher=New India Publishing|date= 1 January 2008|isbn=978-8189422820|page=121|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UFaGME0XDBkC&q=bamrauli+airport&pg=PA41}}</ref> {{center|'''1914'''}} *D.A.V College was established. {{center|'''1919'''}} *[[Prayagraj Airport]] was built, it served as an [[international airport]] till 1946.<ref name="Ashutosh Joshi 121"/> {{center|'''1921'''}} *Population: 157,200.<ref name="censusindia1"/><ref name="The Far East and Australasia"/> {{center|'''1926'''}} * [[Prayag Sangeet Samiti]] was established. {{center|'''1930'''}} *11 April: [[Salt March]] carried out by [[Jawaharlal Nehru]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Khanal|first=Vinod|date=9 November 2014|title=Nehru defied British, made salt at Allahabad|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/Nehru-defied-British-made-salt-at-Allahabad/articleshow/45087555.cms|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|location=Prayagraj|access-date=14 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Khanal|first=Vinod|date=13 November 2014|title=Mahatma Gandhi describes Nehru's arrest in 1930 as 'rest'|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/Mahatma-Gandhi-describes-Nehrus-arrest-in-1930-as-rest/articleshow/45140212.cms|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|location=Prayagraj|access-date=14 November 2014}}</ref> *[[Allahabad Address]] was made by [[Muhammad Iqbal]].<ref name="res">[http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00islamlinks/txt_iqbal_1930.html Sir Muhammad Iqbal’s 1930 Presidential Address], from Columbia University site</ref> {{center|'''1931'''}} *27 February: [[Chandrashekhar Azad]] died at [[Alfred Park]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Bhattacherje|first=S. B.|date=1 May 2009|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oGVSvXuCsyUC&q=Allahabad&pg=SL1-PA63|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd|pages=B-19|isbn= 9788120740747|access-date=24 March 2014}}</ref> *[[Allahabad Museum]] was established.<ref>{{cite news|title=Allahabad Museum to celebrate Foundation Day|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/-Allahabad-Museum-to-celebrate-Foundation-Day/articleshow/5644718.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108114206/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-03-05/allahabad/28134388_1_allahabad-museum-foundation-day-senior-citizens|url-status=live|archive-date=8 January 2014|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=5 March 2010}}</ref> *Population: 183,900.<ref name="censusindia1"/><ref name="The Far East and Australasia"/> {{center|'''1941'''}} *Population: 260,600.<ref name="censusindia1"/><ref name="The Far East and Australasia"/> {{center|'''1942'''}} *[[Prayag Kumbh Mela]] banned by the British Government due to fears of [[Japanese people|Japanese]] bombing the nearby situated [[Akbar Fort]] during the [[World War II]]<ref name="timesofindia">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/British-scrapped-Magh-mela-in-1942/articleshow/50575926.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|title='British scrapped Magh mela in 1942'|date=14 January 2016 |access-date=11 January 2017}}</ref> {{center|'''1951'''}} *Population: 332,300.<ref name="censusindia1"/><ref name="The Far East and Australasia"/> {{center|'''1954'''}} *First incident of [[1954 Kumbh Mela stampede|Kumbh Mela stampede]] occurred.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/aug/28/india.maseehrahman The worst stampede was in Prayagraj in 1954, killing 800.] ''[[The Guardian]]'', 28 August 2003.</ref> {{center|'''1961'''}} *Population: 412,000.<ref name="censusindia1"/><ref name="The Far East and Australasia"/> {{center|'''1971'''}} *Population: 513,000.<ref name="censusindia1"/><ref name="The Far East and Australasia"/> {{center|'''1980'''}} *[[Jawahar Planetarium]] was built.<ref>[http://www.jnmf.in/institutions.html Institutions] JNMF.</ref> {{center|'''1981'''}} *Population: 642,200.<ref name="censusindia1"/><ref name="The Far East and Australasia"/> {{center|'''1985'''}} *First [[Indira Marathon]] was conducted.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/Stage-set-for-Indira-Marathon-on-Nov-19/articleshow/6932473.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130407182231/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-11-16/allahabad/28231200_1_prize-money-prime-minister-prestigious-marathon|url-status=live|archive-date=7 April 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Stage set for Indira Marathon on Nov 19|date=16 November 2010}}</ref> {{center|'''1991'''}} *Population: 792,900.<ref name="censusindia1"/><ref name="The Far East and Australasia"/> {{center|'''1999'''}} *[[Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad]] was established.<ref name="indiatoday">{{cite web|url=http://m.indiatoday.in/education/story/iiit-allahabad-admissions-m.tech-courses-invited/1/351872.html|publisher=m.indiatoday.in|title=IIIT Allahabad admissions: M.Tech courses invited|access-date=11 January 2017}}</ref>

==21st century== {{center|'''2001'''}} *Population: 990,298.<ref name="censusindia1"/><ref name="The Far East and Australasia"/> {{center|'''2004'''}} *[[New Yamuna Bridge]] was completed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.maurer-soehne.com/files/bauwerkschutzsysteme/pdf/en/projectinfo/Allahabad_Naini_Bridge_India.pdf|title=Startseite|date=13 November 2019}}</ref> {{center|'''2011'''}} *Population: 1,117,094.<ref name="censusindia 2011">{{cite web|title=censusindia 2011: Major Agglomerations|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|access-date=25 April 2014}}</ref> {{center|'''2013'''}} *10 February: An estimated 30 million people gathered in the city to bathe on Mauni Amavasya during [[Kumbh Mela]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/over-three-crore-people-take-holy-dip-in-kumbh-mela-on-mauni-amavasya-328965|title=Over three crore people take holy dip in Kumbh Mela on 'Mauni Amavasya'|work=NDTV.com|access-date=3 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/3-crore-pilgrims-expected-at-kumbh-mela-today/article4397793.ece|title=3 crore pilgrims expected at Kumbh Mela today|author=Omar Rashid|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=3 November 2014|date=10 February 2013}}</ref><ref name="indiatimes">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Mahakumbh-Over-3-crore-devotees-expected-to-take-holy-dip-on-Mauni-Amavasya/articleshow/18416257.cms|newspaper=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|title=Mahakumbh: Over 3 crore devotees expected to take holy dip on Mauni Amavasya|access-date=11 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://article.wn.com/view/2013/02/10/Two_killed_in_Mahakumbh_stampede_as_over_3_crore_take_holy_d/|title=Two killed in Mahakumbh stampede as over 3 crore take holy dip|work=World News|access-date=3 November 2014}}</ref> *Second incident of [[2013 Prayag Kumbh Mela stampede|Kumbh Mela stampede]] occurred.<ref name="BBC">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-21406879|title=Kumbh Mela chief Azam Khan resigns over stampede|newspaper=BBC|date=2013-02-11|access-date=12 February 2013}}</ref> {{center|'''2015'''}} *25 January: [[MoU]] signed between the [[United States Trade and Development Agency]] and the [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]] for developing the city as a [[smart city]].<ref name="thehindu">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-us-sign-three-mous-on-smart-cities/article6821106.ece|newspaper=thehindu.com|title=India, U.S. sign three MoUs on smart cities - The Hindu|access-date=11 January 2017}}</ref><ref name="activeindiatv">{{cite web|url=http://activeindiatv.com/editorials/12807-now-world-bank-wants-to-turn-allahabad-into-a-smart-city-this-may-be-possible-if-plans-are-not-locally-executed|publisher=activeindiatv.com|title=Now World Bank wants to turn Allahabad into a Smart City THIS MAY BE POSSIBLE IF PLANS ARE NOT LOCALLY EXECUTED|access-date=11 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author= |title=Modi-Obama meet: US to help India develop three smart cities |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Modi-Obama-meet-US-to-help-India-develop-three-smart-cities/articleshow/43981483.cms |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |location=Washington |date=1 October 2014 |access-date=1 October 2014 }}</ref> *23 June: [[Civil Lines, Allahabad|Civil Lines]] Bus Depot became the first public spot in the city to be equipped with free [[Wi-Fi]].<ref name="timesofindia2">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/Free-wi-fi-facility-at-Civil-Lines-Bus-Depot-soon/articleshow/47018597.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Free wi-fi facility at Civil Lines Bus Depot soon|date=22 April 2015 |access-date=11 January 2017}}</ref><ref name="timesofindia3">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/civil-lines-makeover-to-be-as-lucknows-hazratganj-market/articleshow/48420554.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Civil Lines makeover to be as Lucknow's Hazratganj market|date=10 August 2015 |access-date=11 January 2017}}</ref> {{center|'''2016'''}} *23 April: Completion of renovation and inauguration of [[Chandrashekhar Azad Park]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/Azad-Park-spruced-up-to-be-thrown-open-on-Apr-23/articleshow/51833766.cms|title=Azad Park spruced up, to be thrown open on Apr 23 | Allahabad News|website=The Times of India|date=15 April 2016 }}</ref> {{center|'''2017'''}} *22 April: On [[Earth Day]], the [[Allahabad Museum]], using [[solar power system]], became the first museum in the country to become self-reliant in power generation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/renewable/allahabad-museum-switches-to-solar-power-becomes-first-energy-self-reliant-museum/58322963|title=Allahabad Museum switches to solar power, becomes first energy self-reliant museum - ET EnergyWorld|website=ETEnergyworld.com}}</ref> {{center|'''2018'''}} *October: [[Yogi Adityanath]]-led government officially changed the name of the city to Prayagraj. {{center|'''2020'''}} *24 March: City, along with the nation, was put under lockdown due to [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19 pandemic]].

==See also==

* [[History of Prayagraj]] * [[Prayagraj#Projects|Prayagraj Smart City Project]] *[[Akshayavata]]

==References== {{Reflist}}

[[Category:History of Prayagraj]] [[Category:Timelines of cities in India|Prayagraj]] [[Category:Prayagraj-related lists]]