Timeline of Miami

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Miami in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. {{TOC right}}

==19th century== {{Florida History Navbar}} * 1870 – William Brickell establishes a trading post on the south side of the Miami River.{{sfn|Federal Writers’ Project|1941|p=180}} * 1880 – Population: county 100.{{sfn|Federal Writers’ Project|1941|p=180}} * 1884 – The first hotel, The Peacock Inn, is established in Coconut Grove.{{sfn|Federal Writers’ Project|1941|p=180}} * 1886 ** Ralph Munroe builds a home on the bay in Coconut Grove. ** Kirk Munroe establishes a home in Coconut Grove. * 1889 – Teaching begins in the first school building in Coconut Grove. * 1891 – Julia Tuttle moves to Miami.{{sfn|Federal Writers’ Project|1941|p=180}} * 1895 – The first public library is established in Coconut Grove by the ladies of the Pine Needles Club. * 1896 ** Miami incorporated;<ref>{{citation |url=https://localgov.fsu.edu/readings_papers/Boundaries%20of%20Government/Munincipal_Incorporations_in_Florida.pdf |year=2001 |title=Overview of Municipal Incorporations in Florida |author=Florida Legislative Committee on Intergovernmental Relations |location=Tallahassee |series=LCIR Report |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170428092419/https://localgov.fsu.edu/readings_papers/Boundaries%20of%20Government/Munincipal_Incorporations_in_Florida.pdf |archive-date=2017-04-28 |author-link=Florida Legislature }}</ref> John B. Reilly becomes mayor.{{sfn|Blackman|1921}} ** Florida East Coast Railway (Jacksonville-Miami) arrives in Miami.{{sfn|Federal Writers’ Project|1941|p=180}} ** ''Miami Metropolis'' newspaper begins publication.<ref name=LOC>{{cite web |url= http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/search/titles/results/?state=Florida&county=&city=Miami&terms=&frequency=&language=&ethnicity=&labor=&material_type=&lccn=&rows=50&sort=date |title=US Newspaper Directory |location=Washington, D.C. |work=Chronicling America |publisher=Library of Congress |access-date=October 16, 2013 }}</ref> ** Biscayne Hotel built.{{sfn|Blackman|1921}} * 1897 ** Royal Palm Hotel in business.<ref>{{Citation |publisher = Rand, McNally & Co. |date = 1899 |location = Chicago and New York |title = Rand, McNally & Co.'s Handy Guide to the Southeastern States |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/randmcnallycosha07chic#page/184/mode/2up |chapter=Florida }}</ref> ** City of Miami Cemetery established. * 1898 ** Burdines in business. ** David Fairchild establishes the USDA Plant Introduction Garden. * 1899 **Dade County seat relocated to Miami from Juno.{{sfn|Federal Writers’ Project|1941|p=180}} **Telephone service begins in Miami.<ref>{{cite news |last= Chapman |first= Arthur E. |date= 1991 |title= Phones started ringing in Miami in 1899 |url= http://historymiamiarchives.org/pdfs/sfh-1991-4.pdf |work= South Florida History Magazine |volume= 18 |issue= 4 |pages= 27–28 |via= HistoryMiami}}</ref> * 1900 ** Flagler Public Library, Miami Board of Trade, and Woman's Club founded.{{sfn|Federal Writers’ Project|1941|p=180}} ** Population: 1,681.

==20th century== ===1900s-1940s=== * 1902 – Carpenters Local 993 labor union established.{{sfn|Castillo|2004}} * 1903 ** John Sewell becomes mayor. ** Ransom Everglades School is established in Coconut Grove. ** ''The Miami Herald'' newspaper begins publication.{{sfn|Federal Writers’ Project|1941|p=180}} * 1906 ** Streetcars begin operating.{{sfn|Federal Writers’ Project|1941|p=180}} ** Automobile parade.{{sfn|Blackman|1921}} * 1909 ** City Hall built.{{sfn|Federal Writers’ Project|1941|p=180}} ** Lummus Park opens. * 1910 – Population: 5,471; county 11,933. * 1912 – Airport established near Miami.{{sfn|Federal Writers’ Project|1941|p=180}} * 1913 ** Bridge to Miami Beach constructed.{{sfn|Federal Writers’ Project|1941|p=180}} ** Lyric Theater opens. * 1914 – Construction of Vizcaya begins. * 1915 ** Miami Chamber of Commerce established.<ref name=bachin-ww1 /> ** Town of Miami Beach incorporated near Miami. * 1916 – David Fairchild establishes The Kampong, his winter home in Coconut Grove. * 1917 – Elser Pier opens.{{sfn|Bush|1999}} * 1918 – Airdrome Theatre and Strand Theatre open.<ref name=cinema>{{cite web |url= http://cinematreasures.org/theaters/united-states/florida/miami?status=all|title=Movie Theaters in Miami, FL |work=CinemaTreasures.org |publisher= Cinema Treasures LLC |location=Los Angeles |access-date=October 16, 2013 }}</ref> * 1919 ** Coconut Grove is incorporated.{{sfn|Blackman|1921}} ** Great Miami Employers' Association established.<ref>{{citation |title=Miami Daily Metropolis |date= March 15, 1921 |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2206&dat=19210315&id=wAMtAAAAIBAJ&pg=4127,6537490 }}</ref> ** Seybold Canal Bridge built (approximate date).<ref name=bridges2012 /> * 1920 ** Universal Negro Improvement Association chapter established.{{sfn|Shell-Weiss|2005}} ** Population: 29,549; county 42,753. [[File:Seybold Jewelry Building.jpg|alt=Seybold Jewelry Building Downtown Miami|thumb|The Seybold Building in Miami. The first phase of construction was completed in 1921.]] * 1921 ** Commission-manager form of government adopted.{{sfn|Federal Writers’ Project|1941|p=180}} ** WQAM radio begins broadcasting.<ref name=Alicoate1939 /> ** Tamiami Canal Bridge built.<ref name=bridges2012 /> * 1923 – ''Miami Times'' newspaper begins publication.<ref name=LOC /> * 1924 ** Buena Vista becomes part of Miami. ** Miami River Canal Swing Bridge built.<ref name=bridges2012>{{citation |title=Historic Highway Bridges of Florida |publisher= Florida Department of Transportation |url= http://www.fdot.gov/emo/pubs/bridgebk.pdf |year=2012 }}</ref> ** Fotosho Theatre opens.<ref name=cinema /> * 1925 ** Allapattah, Coconut Grove,{{sfn|Federal Writers’ Project|1941|p=180}} Lemon City, Silver Bluff, and West Little River become part of Miami. ** Bayfront Park opens. ** Towns of Coral Gables and Hialeah incorporated near Miami. ** University of Miami established in Coral Gables. * 1926 ** January 10: ''Prinz Valdemar'' ship sinks offshore. ** September: Hurricane. ** WIOD radio begins broadcasting.<ref name=Alicoate1939>{{citation |title=Radio Annual |oclc=2459636 |year=1939 |editor= Jack Alicoate |publisher= Radio Daily |location=New York |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/radioannual193900radi#page/218/mode/1up |chapter= Florida }}</ref> ** Player's State Theater built.<ref name=LHAT>{{cite web |url=http://www.lhat.org/historictheatres/theatre_inventory.aspx |title=Historic Theatre Inventory |location=Maryland, USA |publisher=League of Historic American Theatres |access-date=October 16, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130721130121/http://www.lhat.org/historictheatres/theatre_inventory.aspx |archive-date=July 21, 2013 }}</ref> ** Booker T. Washington High School, Olympia Theater, and Tower Theater open. ** Town of Miami Shores incorporated near Miami. ** Wometco – first movie theater, the Capital, opens. * 1927 ** Flagler Theater opens.<ref name=cinema /> ** E. G. Sewell becomes mayor. ** Greater Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church built. ** ''Jewish Floridian'' newspaper begins publication. * 1928 ** Pan American Field (airfield) begins operating. ** Dade County Agricultural High school built. ** Al Capone buys a home in Miami Beach. * 1929 - Sears, Roebuck and Company Department Store opens.<ref name=bachin-ww1>{{cite web |work=Travel, Tourism, & Urban Growth in Greater Miami |editor=Robin F. Bachin |publisher=University of Miami |title=Miami Timeline: WWI-1930s |url= http://scholar.library.miami.edu/miamidigital/wwi.php }} (published circa 2006?)</ref> * 1930 ** Miami Civic Center opens.<ref name=bachin-ww1 /> ** Population: 110,637.<ref name=census1998 /> * 1933 ** February 15: Chicago mayor Anton Cermak killed by anarchist in Bayfront Park. ** E. G. Sewell becomes mayor again. ** Ryder, the truck leasing company, founded in Miami. * 1935 ** January 1: Orange Bowl football contest begins. ** November: Hurricane.{{sfn|Federal Writers’ Project|1941|p=180}} * 1936 – Parrot Jungle established.<ref name="Kisling2001">{{cite book|editor=Vernon N. Kisling, Jr. |title=Zoo and Aquarium History|year= 2001|publisher=CRC Press |location=USA |isbn=978-1-4200-3924-5 |chapter=Zoological Gardens of the United States (chronological list) |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ulbMBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA375 }}</ref> * 1937 – Burdine Stadium, and Liberty Square (housing complex){{sfn|Mohl|2001}} open. * 1938 – Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden opens to the public. * 1939 – E. G. Sewell becomes mayor yet again. * 1940 ** Historical Association of Southern Florida established.<ref name=aaslh2002>{{cite book |title=Directory of Historical Organizations in the United States and Canada |year=2002 |edition=15th |isbn=0759100020 |author= American Association for State and Local History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LY0Q5Rv4O3YC }}</ref> ** Population: 172,172;<ref name=census1998 /> county 267,739. * 1941 – Dorsey Memorial Library opens. * 1942 ** May: ''Portero del Llano'' ship sinks offshore during World War II.<ref name=bachin-ww2>{{cite web |work=Travel, Tourism, & Urban Growth in Greater Miami |editor=Robin F. Bachin |publisher=University of Miami |title=Miami Timeline: WWII-1950s |url=http://scholar.library.miami.edu/miamidigital/wwii.php }} (published circa 2006?)</ref> ** Submarine Chaser Training Center established.<ref>{{cite journal |title= Submarine Chaser Training Center: Downtown Miami's International Graduate School Of Anti-Submarine Warfare During World War II |author= Charles W. Rice |journal=Tequesta |volume=64 |issn= 0363-3705 |publisher=Historical Association of Southern Florida |url= http://www.historymiamiarchives.org/pdfs/Tequesta2010-p5-58.pdf |year= 2010 }} {{free access}}</ref> * 1943 – Urban League of Greater Miami established.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.miamiurbanleague.org/about-2/ |title=About Us |location=Miami |publisher=Urban League of Greater Miami |access-date=October 16, 2013}}</ref> * 1946 – National Association for the Advancement of Colored People branch established in Liberty City.{{sfn|Rose|2007}} * 1948 – Coconut Grove Citizens Committee for Slum Clearance{{sfn|Rose|2007}} and Civil Rights Congress chapter organized.{{sfn|Mohl|1999}} * 1949 – WTVJ (television) begins broadcasting.<ref name=Alicoate1960 />

===1950s-1970s=== * 1950 – Population: 249,276;<ref name=census1998 /> county 495,084. * 1952 – Museum of Science and Natural History opens on Bayshore Drive. * 1953 ** ''Diario Las Américas'' Spanish-language newspaper begins publication.<ref name=LOC /><ref name=Kanellos2000>{{Citation |publisher = Arte Publico Press |isbn = 1558852530 |location = Houston, Texas |title = Hispanic Periodicals in the United States, Origins to 1960 |author1 = Nicolás Kanellos |author2=Helvetia Martell |date = 2000 |chapter=Chronological Index |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=YTwjZaJO_4cC&pg=PA309 |pages=309–335}}</ref> ** Howard Hughes Medical Institute founded in Miami. * 1954 – Burger King founded in Miami. * 1955 – Miami Seaquarium established.<ref name="Kisling2001" /> * 1956 – WCKT (television) begins broadcasting.<ref name=Alicoate1960>{{citation |title=Radio Annual and Television Year Book |oclc=10512206 |year=1960 |editor=Charles A. Alicoate |publisher= Radio Daily Corp. |location=New York |chapter=Television Stations Florida |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/radio00radi#page/794/mode/2up }}</ref> * 1957 ** WPST-TV (television) begins broadcasting.<ref name=Alicoate1960 /> ** DuPont Plaza Hotel opens for business. ** Robert King High elected mayor of Miami. * 1958 – Catholic Diocese of Miami established.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: USA |url= http://www.katolsk.no/organisasjon/verden/chronology/usa |publisher=Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo |location=Norway |access-date= April 22, 2017 }}</ref> * 1959 ** City public schools racially desegregated.<ref name=bachin-ww2 /> ** Dade County Junior College and Centro Hispano Católico{{sfn|Badillo|2002}} founded. ** Miami International Airport dedicated.<ref name=bachin-ww2 /> * 1960 – Population: 291,688;<ref name=census1998 /> county 935,047. * 1961 – Colegio de Belén relocates to Miami from Cuba. * 1962 – Historical Museum of Southern Florida and Cruzada Educativa Cubana<ref name=UMiami-Finding>{{citation |url=http://proust.library.miami.edu/findingaids/index.php |title=Special Collections Finding Aids & Inventories |author=University of Miami |access-date=September 17, 2016 |author-link=University of Miami }}</ref>{{sfn|García|1996}} established. * 1964 ** February 25. Cassius Clay defeats Sonny Liston for heavyweight champion of the world. ** Chuck Hall becomes mayor of Dade County. * 1965 ** Cuban exiles begin to arrive in city via U.S.-sponsored "freedom flights".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.miamiherald.com/2008/12/16/815394/miami-herald-database-tracks-those.html |title=Miami Herald database tracks those who came on Freedom Flights |date=December 16, 2008 |author=Luisa Yanez |publisher=Miami Herald }}</ref><ref name=bachin1960s>{{cite web |work=Travel, Tourism, & Urban Growth in Greater Miami |editor=Robin F. Bachin |publisher=University of Miami |title=Miami Timeline: 1960s-1990s |url=http://scholar.library.miami.edu/miamidigital/1960s.php }} (published circa 2006?)</ref> ** Florida International University established. ** Ediciones Universal in business.{{sfn|García|1996}} * 1966 The Miami Dolphins enter the American Football League as an expansion franchise * 1968 ** August 5–8: 1968 Republican National Convention held in nearby Miami Beach. ** August 7–8: 1968 Miami riot.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tvnews.vanderbilt.edu/explore_category?category=protests |title=Racial Unrest / Miami |author=NBC Evening News |date=August 8, 1968 |via=Vanderbilt University Television News Archive, "Protests" |author-link=NBC Evening News }}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=Miami report: the report of the Miami Study Team on civil disturbances in Miami, Florida during the week of August 5, 1968 |location= Washington, D.C. |year=1969 |url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/007400970 |quote=Submitted to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence }}</ref> ** Miami Pop Festivals held near city in May and December. * 1970 ** David T. Kennedy becomes mayor of city; Stephen P. Clark becomes mayor of Dade County. ** Population: 334,859;<ref name=census1998 /> county 1,267,792. * 1971 – Latin Chamber of Commerce established.{{sfn|Croucher|1997}} * 1972 ** July: 1972 Democratic National Convention is held in nearby Miami Beach. ** August: 1972 Republican National Convention is also held in Miami Beach. ** September: Florida International University opens. ** One Biscayne Tower is built. ** Miami Dolphins have their undefeated "perfect" season. ** Jack Orr becomes mayor of Dade County. ** November: "Decade of Progress" bond is passed, providing the funding for the Center for the Fine Arts.<ref name="SFMN 1972">{{cite web |last1=Permuy |first1=Antonio |last2=Cosio |first2=Leo |title=Revisiting 1972: the year that made modern Miami |url=https://sfmn.fiu.edu/dolphins-democratic-convention-1972-nixon-miami/ |website=www.sfmn.fiu.edu |date=27 December 2022 |publisher=South Florida Media Network |access-date=27 December 2022}}</ref> * 1973 ** April: U.S.-sponsored "freedom flight" arrivals to Miami of Cuban exiles ends.<ref name=bachin1960s /> ** Barnacle Historic State Park established.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.floridastateparks.org/parks-and-trails |title= Region: Southeast |work=Florida State Parks |author=Florida Division of Recreation and Parks |publisher= Florida Department of Environmental Protection |location=Tallahassee |access-date= April 26, 2017 }}</ref> ** Maurice Ferre becomes city mayor. * 1974 ** Stephen P. Clark becomes mayor of Dade County again. ** Spanish American League Against Discrimination headquartered in city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://saladonline.org/?page_id=655 |title=History |publisher=Spanish American League Against Discrimination |location=Miami |access-date=October 16, 2013 |quote=Españoles de la Liga Americana Contra la Discriminación }}</ref> * 1975 ** The Bee Gees move to Miami Beach. * 1976 ** ''El Miami Herald'' Spanish-language newspaper begins publication.<ref name=LOC /> ** Bicentennial Park opens. * 1977 ** Foreign trade zone established.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://enforcement.trade.gov/ftzpage/orders/ftzorder.html |title=U.S. Foreign-Trade Zones Board Order Summary |publisher= U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration |location=Washington, D.C. |access-date=September 18, 2016 }}</ref><ref name=Tiefenbrun2012>{{Citation |author=Susan Tiefenbrun |title= Tax Free Trade Zones of the World and in the United States |publisher= Edward Elgar |isbn=9781849802437|year= 2012 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Bdz5eG3b2nwC&pg=PA168 |page=168 }}</ref> ** Black Archives History & Research Foundation of South Florida headquartered in city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theblackarchives.org/?page_id=18 |title=About |publisher=The Black Archives |location=Miami |access-date=October 16, 2013}}</ref> ** Omni International Mall in business.

===1980s-1990s=== * 1980 ** May: race riots in Overtown and Liberty City after the death of Arthur McDuffie. ** April–October: Cubans arrive in city via Mariel boatlift. ** Miami MetroZoo opens near city.<ref name=botanic>{{cite web |url= http://www.bgci.org/garden_search.php?action=Find&ftrCountry=US |title=Garden Search: United States |publisher= Botanic Gardens Conservation International |location=London |access-date= August 30, 2015 }}</ref> ** Population: 346,865;<ref name=census1998 /> * 1981 ** Palace apartment building constructed. ** Cuban American National Foundation headquartered in city. * 1982 ** Knight International Center (convention center) opens. ** Facts About Cuban Exiles organization established.{{sfn|García|1996}} ** 1982 Overtown riot occurs. * 1983 ** The movie ''Scarface'', which is set in Miami, is released. ** Christo unveils Surrounded Islands. * 1984 ** Metrorail begins operating. ** Center for Fine Arts ** Miami International Film Festival begins. ** Southeast Financial Center built on Biscayne Boulevard. ** ''Miami Vice'', a crime drama television series, debuts on NBC. It will run from 1984 to 1989. ** First edition of the Miami International Book Fair. * 1985 ** ''Miami SunPost'' newspaper begins publication. ** Xavier Suarez becomes city mayor. ** Stephen P. Clark Government Center built. ** ''The Golden Girls'', a television sitcom set in Miami, begins its seven-year run. ** Miami City Ballet debuts. * 1986 – Lincoln Center built. * 1987 ** November: Pope John Paul II visits city. ** ''Miami New Times'' newspaper in publication. ** Miami Tower built. * 1989 ** Ileana Ros-Lehtinen becomes U.S. representative for Florida's 18th congressional district.<ref>{{cite book |title=Official Congressional Directory |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Government Printing Office |year= 1991 |chapter= Florida |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/19911992official014340mbp#page/n99/mode/2up |via= Internet Archive |title-link=Official Congressional Directory }}</ref> * 1990 ** Nelson Mandela visits city.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Crockett |first1=Kimberly |last2=Burkett |first2=Elinor |last3=Branch |first3=Karen |title=Flashback: Nelson Mandela's visit to Miami in 1990 |url=https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/article1958245.html |website=Miami Herald}}</ref> ** Knight Foundation headquartered in city. ** Population: 358,548;<ref name=census1998>{{citation |title=Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990 |year=1998 |url=https://www.census.gov/library/working-papers/1998/demo/POP-twps0027.html |publisher=US Census Bureau }}</ref> county 1,937,094. * 1992 – August: Hurricane Andrew. * 1993 ** Stephen P. Clark becomes city mayor. ** Carrie P. Meek becomes U.S. representative for Florida's 17th congressional district.<ref>{{cite book |title=Official Congressional Directory|location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Government Printing Office |year= 1993 |chapter= Florida |via= HathiTrust |hdl=2027/uc1.l0072691827 }}</ref> * 1994 ** Eleventh Street (Metromover station) opens. ** 1st Summit of the Americas held in city. * 1996 ** Willy Gort becomes mayor of city, succeeded by Joe Carollo; Alex Penelas becomes mayor of Dade County. ** City website online (approximate date).<ref>{{cite web |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/19961220203436/http://ci.miami.fl.us/ |url= http://ci.miami.fl.us/ |archive-date= 1996-12-20 |title= City of Miami, Florida Official Web Site |via= Internet Archive, Wayback Machine }}</ref>{{Chronology citation needed|date=January 2016}} ** ''Pottinger v. City of Miami'' homeless-related lawsuit decided.<ref name=Mikula1999>{{citation |editor= M.F. Mikula |display-editors=etal |title= Great American Court Cases |publisher= Gale |year=1999 }}</ref> ** Liberty City Charter School established.<ref>{{citation |work=New York Times |title=Miami Charter School Hailed by Jeb Bush Ended in Ruin |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/08/education/charter-school-hailed-by-bush-ended-in-ruin.html |date= March 7, 2015 }}</ref> * 1997 ** May 12: Tornado.<ref name=Weather>{{cite web|title= This Day in Weather History |url=http://www.weather.gov/abr/events#histarchive |publisher=National Weather Service |location=Aberdeen, South Dakota |access-date= April 14, 2017 }}</ref> ** November: Mayoral election held.<ref>{{citation |work=Miami Herald |date=January 11, 1998 |title=$10 Buys One Vote |url=http://www.pulitzer.org/works/1999-Investigative-Reporting |via=Pulitzer Prizes, Columbia University }}</ref><ref name=fraud1998 /> ** Dade County renamed Miami-Dade County. * 1998 ** January: Xavier Suarez becomes mayor again. ** March: Mayoral election results of 1997 judged invalid;<ref name=fraud1998>{{citation |work=New York Times |date=March 5, 1998 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/05/us/fraud-ruling-invalidates-miami-mayoral-election.html |title=Fraud Ruling Invalidates Miami Mayoral Election }}</ref> Carollo becomes mayor again.<ref>{{citation |work=CNN |date=March 11, 1998 |title=Court Reinstates Carollo As Miami's Mayor |url=http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1998/03/11/miami.mayor/ }}</ref> * 1999 ** American Airlines Arena opens. ** Ultra Festival begins.

===2000s=== * 2000 ** Elián González affair. ** Population: 362,470; county 2,253,362. ** Town of Miami Lakes incorporated near Miami.

==21st century== ===2000s=== * 2001 ** Cuban Genealogy Club of Miami founded.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cubangenclub.org/about.php |title= Cuban Genealogy Club of Miami |access-date=September 21, 2016 }}</ref> ** Manny Diaz becomes city mayor. * 2002 – Art Basel begins in Miami Beach. * 2003 ** Four Seasons Hotel Miami built. ** City of Miami Gardens incorporated near Miami. * 2004 – Carlos Alvarez becomes mayor of Miami-Dade County. * 2006 – Carnival Center opens. * 2007 ** Ferguson U.S. Courthouse built.<ref>{{citation |title=Wilkie D. Ferguson, Jr. United States Courthouse, Miami, Florida |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher= U.S. General Services Administration |year= 2007 |url= http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/010675580 }}</ref> ** Fictional ''Burn Notice'' television series begins its seven-year run. * 2008 – Marquis Residences and 900 Biscayne Bay built on Biscayne Boulevard. * 2009 – Tomás Regalado becomes city mayor.

===2010s=== * 2010 ** Port of Miami Tunnel construction begins. ** Population: 399,457; county 2,496,435; metro 5,564,635.<ref>{{citation |url=http://edr.state.fl.us/Content/area-profiles/index.cfm |work=2010 Census Detailed City Profiles |author1=Florida Legislative Office of Economic and Demographic Research |author2=U.S. Census Bureau |year=2011 |title= City of Miami |author1-link=Florida Legislature }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.census.gov/dataviz/visualizations/026/508.php |year=2012 |title= Largest Urbanized Areas With Selected Cities and Metro Areas (2010) |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau }}</ref> * 2011 ** Carlos A. Giménez becomes mayor of Miami-Dade County. ** Vice City Rollers (roller derby league) formed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Miami Roller Derby |url= http://www.miamirollerderby.com/#!about/c1z79 }}</ref> ** Frederica Wilson becomes U.S. representative for Florida's 17th congressional district.<ref>{{cite book |title=Official Congressional Directory |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Government Printing Office |year= 2011 |chapter= Florida |via= HathiTrust |hdl=2027/msu.31293032287470 |title-link=Official Congressional Directory }}</ref> * 2015 ** Marco Rubio presidential campaign, 2016 headquartered in Miami. ** The Miami Science Museum's Coconut Grove location closes * 2017 ** January: City revises its illegal-immigrant sanctuary policy.<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2017/01/26/first-sanctuary-city-caves-donald-trump-demands/97111048/ |title=First 'sanctuary city' caves to Trump demands |work=USA Today |date=January 26, 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{citation |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/social-issues/sanctuary-cities-debate-has-jurisdictions-weighing-whether-to-defend-the-policy/2017/04/18/5db7ae84-1bb3-11e7-855e-4824bbb5d748_story.html |title=Sanctuary cities debate has jurisdictions weighing whether to defend the policy |newspaper=Washington Post |date= April 18, 2017 }}</ref> ** The new Miami Science Museum's location opens

==References== {{Reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography== {{Refbegin}}

===Published in the 20th century===

====1900s-1940s ==== * Miami City Directory (Miami, Florida, 1904) * {{cite book |publisher= R. L. Polk & Co. |title= Florida Gazetteer and Business Directory 1907-1908 |chapter= Miami |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/floridagazetteer1907rlpo#page/284/mode/2up }} ** [https://archive.org/stream/rlpolkcosflorida01rlpo#page/n729/mode/2up 1918 ed.] * {{Citation |work=Florida East Coast Homeseeker |volume=10 |date=March 1908 |title=Miami of Today |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=eBhOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA79 }} * {{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/rlpolkcompanysmi8191rlpo |title=Miami City Directory |publisher=R.L. Polk & Co. |year=1919 }} ** [https://archive.org/details/rlpolkcompanysmi9192rlpo 1920 ed.] * {{cite book |chapter=Points of Interest in Miami, Fla. |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GtINAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA120 |title=Automobile Blue Book |year=1919 |volume=6 |title-link = Automobile Blue Book}} [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historic_us_cities.html map] * {{Citation |publisher = V. Rainbolt |location = Washington, D.C. |title = Miami and Dade County, Florida |url =https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/011208448 |author = E. V. Blackman |date = 1921 |oclc = 1580474 | ref = {{harvid|Blackman|1921}} }} * {{cite book |title=Men of the South |editor=Daniel Decatur Moore|publisher=Southern Biographical Association |location=New Orleans |year= 1922 |chapter=Miamia |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=NfA1AQAAMAAJ&pg=PT299 |display-editors=etal}} * {{citation |author=Kenneth L. Roberts |title=Tropical Growth |work=Saturday Evening Post |date=April 29, 1922 |page=8+ }} * Isador Cohen, Historical Sketches and Sidelights of Miami (Miami, 1925) *{{cite book | last = Munroe | first = Ralph Middleton and Gilpin, Vincent | title = The Commodore's Story | publisher = Ives Washburn, 1930 | location = New York |oclc=001615563}} * T. H. Weigall, Boom in Paradise (New York, 1932) * {{cite book |author=John Sewell |title= Memoirs and History of Miami |location=Miami |year= 1933 |author-link= John Sewell (Miami) }} * {{cite book |author=Federal Writers’ Project |title= Florida: a Guide to the Southernmost State |series=American Guide Series |location=New York |publisher= Oxford University Press |year= 1939 |url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL7199340W/Florida_a_guide_to_the_southernmost_state |page=207+ |author-link= Federal Writers’ Project }} * {{cite book |author=Federal Writers’ Project |title= Planning Your Vacation in Florida Miami and Dade County |series=American Guide Series |location=Northport, New York |publisher= Bacon, Percy & Daggett |year= 1941 |chapter=Chronology |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/planningyourvac00writrich#page/180/mode/2up }} * {{citation |title=Tequesta |journal= Tequesta: The Journal of the Historical Association of Southern Florida |issn= 0363-3705 |publisher=Historical Association of Southern Florida |url= http://digitalcollections.fiu.edu/tequesta/ |via=Florida International University }} {{free access}} 1941-

====1950s-1970s==== * Helen Muir, Miami, U. S. A. (New York, 1953) * Ruby Leach Carson, "Miami: 1896 to 1900", Tequesta, XVI (1956) * {{Citation |publisher = Oceana Publications |isbn = 0379006162 |location = Dobbs Ferry, N.Y. |series=American Cities Chronology Series |editor=Howard B. Furer |title = Miami: a chronological & documentary history, 1513-1977 |author = James E. Buchanan |date = 1978 }} * Paul S. George, "Colored Town: Miami's Black Community, 1896–1930", Florida Historical Quarterly (April 1978)

====1980s-1990s==== * Paul George, "Passage to a New Eden", Florida Historical Quarterly, 59 (1981) * {{citation |author=Thelma Peters |title=Miami, 1909, With Excerpts from Fannie Clemons' Diary |location=Miami|year= 1985 }} * {{cite book |author=T. D. Allman |title=Miami: City of the Future |location=New York |publisher=Atlantic Monthly |isbn=0871131021 |year=1987 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/miamicityoffutur00allm }} * {{cite book|title=Miami |author=Joan Didion |year=1987 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |isbn=0671646648 |title-link=Miami (book) |author-link=Joan Didion }} * {{cite journal |author=Raymond A. Mohl |title=Trouble in Paradise: Race and Housing in Miami during the New Deal Era |journal= Prologue: The Journal of the National Archives |volume=19 |date=Spring 1987 |hdl=2027/mdp.39015028748500 }} * {{Citation |publisher = Little, Brown and Company |isbn = 0747500649 |location = New York |title = Going to Miami: Exiles, Tourists, and Refugees in the New America |url = https://archive.org/details/goingtomiamiexil00rief |author = David Rieff |date = 1987 |url-access = registration |author-link = David Rieff }} * Arva Moore Parks. Miami: The Magic City. Miami: Centennial Press, 1991. * {{cite book |editor1=Guillermo J. Grenier |editor2= Alex Stepick III |title= Miami Now! Immigration, Ethnicity, and Social Change |publisher=University Press of Florida |isbn=081301154X |year= 1992 }} * {{cite book |author1= Alejandro Portes |author2= Alex Stepick |title= City on the Edge: The Transformation of Miami |publisher= University of California Press |isbn= 0520082176 |year= 1993 |url-access= registration |url= https://archive.org/details/cityonedgetransf0000port |author1-link= Alejandro Portes }} * {{cite journal |author=Ramón Grosfoguel |title=World Cities in the Caribbean: The Rise of Miami and San Juan |journal=Review |volume=17 |pages=351–381 |number=3 |year= 1994 |publisher=Fernand Braudel Center, State University of New York |jstor=40241296 |author-link=Ramón Grosfoguel }} ([http://www.binghamton.edu/fbc/review-journal/abstracts.html Abstract]) * {{cite book |author=David Rieff |title=The Exile: Cuba in the Heart of Miami |date=1993 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=New York |isbn=0671886274}} * {{Citation |chapter-url = https://openlibrary.org/books/ia:worldencyclopedi00kuri/World_encyclopedia_of_cities |title = World Encyclopedia of Cities |date = 1994 |location = Santa Barbara, California |publisher=ABC-CLIO |author=George Thomas Kurian |series=Vol. 1: North America |chapter= Miami, Florida |via=Internet Archive }} (fulltext) * {{cite book |author=María Cristina García |title=Havana USA: Cuban Exiles and Cuban Americans in South Florida, 1959-1994 |url=https://archive.org/details/havanausacubanex0000garc |url-access=registration |year= 1996 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-91999-0 | ref = {{harvid|García|1996}} }} * {{cite journal |journal=South Florida History |volume= 24 |number= 2 |date= Summer 1996 |title=Miami: One Hundred Years of History |author= Paul S. George |url=http://www.historymiami.org/research-miami/topics/history-of-miami/ }} * {{Citation |publisher = University Press of Virginia |isbn = 0813917042 |location = Charlottesville |title = Imagining Miami: ethnic politics in a postmodern world |author = Sheila L. Croucher |date = 1997 | ref = {{harvid|Croucher|1997}} }} * Marvin Dunn, Black Miami in the Twentieth Century (Gainesville, Florida, 1997) * {{cite journal |title=Globalization to a Latin Beat: The Miami Growth Machine |author= Jan Nijman |journal= Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science |volume= 551 |pages= 164–177 |year= 1997 |jstor=1047945 |doi= 10.1177/0002716297551001012 |s2cid= 154895047 }} * {{citation |title=Bibliography of the Social and Cultural Geography of Miami, Florida |author= Remy Tremblay |url=http://journals.fcla.edu/flgeog/article/viewFile/78217/75637 |journal=Florida Geographer |issn=0739-0041 |volume=28 |via=Florida Atlantic University |year=1997 }} {{free access}} * {{cite journal |title="Playground of the USA": Miami and the Promotion of Spectacle |author= Gregory W. Bush |journal= Pacific Historical Review |volume= 68 |issue= 2 |pages= 153–172 |year= 1999 |jstor=3641982 | ref = {{harvid|Bush|1999}} |doi= 10.2307/3641982 }} * {{cite journal |title=Miami y las nuevas relaciones interamericanas |trans-title=Miami and the New Inter-American Relations |author=Christian Girault |journal=Foro Internacional |volume= 39 |pages=17–64 |number= 1 |year= 1999 |publisher= El Colegio de México |jstor=27738931 |language=es }} * {{cite journal |title=Triadic Politics: Ethnicity, Race, and Politics in Miami, 1959-1998 |author= Guillermo J. Grenier |author2=Max J. Castro |journal= Pacific Historical Review |volume= 68 |issue= 2 |pages= 273–292 |year= 1999 |jstor=3641988 | ref = {{harvid|Grenier|Castro|1999}} |doi= 10.2307/3641988 }} * {{cite journal |title='South of the South?' Jews, Blacks, and the Civil Rights Movement in Miami, 1945-1960 |author= Raymond A. Mohl |journal= Journal of American Ethnic History |volume= 18 |issue= 2 |pages= 3–36 |year=1999 |jstor=27502414 | ref = {{harvid|Mohl|1999}} }}

===Published in the 21st century=== * {{cite journal |title=Whitening Miami: Race, Housing, and Government Policy in Twentieth-Century Dade County |author= Raymond A. Mohl |journal= Florida Historical Quarterly |volume= 79 |issue= 3 |pages= 319–345 |year= 2001 |jstor=30150856 | ref = {{harvid|Mohl|2001}} }} * {{cite journal |title=Catholicism and the Search for Nationhood in Miami's Cuban Community |author= David A. Badillo |journal= U.S. Catholic Historian |volume= 20 |issue= 4 |pages= 75–90 |year= 2002 |jstor=25154831 | ref = {{harvid|Badillo|2002}} }} * {{cite journal |title=Miami's Hidden Labor History |author= Thomas A. Castillo |journal= Florida Historical Quarterly |volume= 82 |issue= 4 |pages= 438–467 |year= 2004 |jstor=30149960 | ref = {{harvid|Castillo|2004}} }} * {{cite book|editor=Melvin Ember|editor-link=Melvin Ember|title=Encyclopedia of Diasporas |year= 2005 |publisher=Springer|isbn=978-0-306-48321-9 |chapter=Miami Diasporas |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=7QEjPVyd9YMC&pg=PA524 |page=524+ |author=Lisa N. Konczal |display-editors=etal }} * {{cite journal |title=Coming North to the South: Migration, Labor and City-Building in Twentieth-Century Miami |author= Melanie Shell-Weiss |journal=Florida Historical Quarterly |volume= 84 |issue= 1 |pages= 79–99 |year=2005 |jstor=30150917 | ref = {{harvid|Shell-Weiss|2005}} }} * {{cite journal |title=Miami: Images of a Latinopolis |author=George Yúdice |journal=NACLA Report on the Americas |volume= 39 |number=3 |url= https://nacla.org/article/miami-images-latinopolis |year=2005 }} * {{cite book |editor=David Goldfield |editor-link=David Goldfield |title=Encyclopedia of American Urban History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4il1AwAAQBAJ |publisher=Sage |isbn=978-1-4522-6553-7 |year=2007 |chapter= Miami, Florida |pages= 467–470 }} * {{cite journal |title='Jewel' of the South?: Miami, Florida and the NAACP's Struggle for Civil Rights in America's Vacation Paradise |author= Chanelle Rose |journal= Florida Historical Quarterly |jstor=30150099 |volume= 86 |issue= 1 |pages= 39–69 |year= 2007 | ref = {{harvid|Rose|2007}} }} * {{cite book|editor=Rebecca Biron|title=City/Art: The Urban Scene in Latin America |publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-9073-2 |chapter=Miami Remake |author= José Quiroga |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=KeMGXu2D_7YC |page=145+ |year= 2009 }} * {{Citation |publisher = Ashgate |location = Burlington, Vermont |title = Comparative Civic Culture: the Role of Local Culture in Urban Policy-Making |editor= Laura A. Reese and Raymond A. Rosenfeld |date = 2012 |isbn=9781409436546 |chapter= A tale of two cities: civic culture and public policy in Miami |author=Juliet F. Gainsborough }} * {{cite web |url= http://www.pewstates.org/research/analysis/americas-big-cities-in-volatile-times-city-profiles-85899515062 |work=America's Big Cities in Volatile Times: City Profiles |title=Miami |author=American Cities Project |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Pew Charitable Trusts |year= 2013 }} * {{cite book|author= Chanelle Nyree Rose |title= Struggle for Black Freedom in Miami: Civil Rights and America's Tourist Paradise, 1896-1968|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ERYuCAAAQBAJ |publisher=Louisiana State University Press |isbn=978-0-8071-5767-1 |year= 2015 }} {{refend}}

==External links== {{Commons category|Miami, Florida}} * Digital Public Library of America. [http://dp.la/search?utf8=✓&page_size=100&q=miami+florida Items related to Miami], various dates * {{cite web |url=http://miami.fiu.edu/research.htm |work=Miami Metropolitan Archive |title=Local Collections }} * [http://fcit.usf.edu/florida/maps/galleries/local/miami-dade/index.php City and Local Maps for Miami-Dade County] * {{cite web |url=http://vivafl500.org/find-a-city/ |work=Viva Florida: History Happened Here |publisher=Florida League of Cities |location=Tallahassee |title= Miami }}

Category:History of Miami miami Category:Miami-related lists