Timeline of Bern

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}} {{Use British English|date=August 2017}} The following is a timeline of the history of the municipality of Bern, Switzerland. {{Dynamic list}} {{TOC right}}

==Prior to 19th century== {{History of Switzerland}}

* 2nd-3rd century CE - Roman settlement abandoned.<ref name="Schelbert2014" /> * 1191 - Bern set up as military outpost by Berthold V, Duke of Zähringen.<ref name="Schelbert2014chronology">{{cite book|author=Leo Schelbert|title=Historical Dictionary of Switzerland|year= 2014 |edition =2nd |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-1-4422-3352-2 |chapter=Chronology |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=XRevAwAAQBAJ&pg=PR21 }}</ref> * 1218 - Bern becomes a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire.<ref name=haydn1910>{{Citation |publisher = Ward, Lock & Co. |location = London |title = Haydn's Dictionary of Dates |author = Benjamin Vincent |title-link = Haydn's Dictionary of Dates |edition = 25th |date = 1910 |chapter= Berne |hdl = 2027/loc.ark:/13960/t89g6g776?urlappend=%3Bseq=180 |chapter-url = http://hdl.handle.net/2027/loc.ark:/13960/t89g6g776?urlappend=%3Bseq=180 |via=HathiTrust }}</ref> * 1219 - Zytglogge (tower) built.<ref name="Schelbert2014" /> * 1223 - Theto von Ravensburg becomes {{Interlanguage link multi|Schultheiss von Bern|de}}. * 1256 - Käfigturm (tower) built. *1259 - First mention of Jews in Bern.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Wild, Matt|first=Dölf, Christoph Philipp|title="Zeugnisse jüdischen Lebens aus den mittelalterlichen Städten Zürich und Basel", in: Kunst und Architektur in der Schweiz. Synagogen 56:2|year=2005|pages=14–20}}</ref> * 1268 - Nydegg Castle demolished (approximate date). * 1270 - Felsenburg (castle) built (approximate date). * 1285 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Predigerkirche (Bern)|de|3=Französische Kirche (Bern)}} (church) built.<ref name="Schelbert2014" /> * 1289 - April: Battle of Schosshalde takes place; Bern successfully resisted Rudolph of Hapsburg.<ref name=haydn1910 /> * 1298 ** Bern allies with Biel, Murten, and Solothurn.<ref name="Schelbert2014chronology" /> ** Bern expands to include Bolligen, Muri, Stettlen, and Vechigen.<ref name="Schelbert2014" /> * 1331-1333 - Gümmenenkrieg (Fribourg-Bern war). * 1339 - Battle of Laupen.<ref name="Schelbert2014chronology" /> * 1345 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Golatenmatttor|de}} (tower) built.{{citation needed|date=September 2015}} * 1346 ** Black Death plague.<ref name="Schelbert2014chronology" /> ** Äussere Neustadt area developed. ** Christoffelturm (tower) and Nydeggkirche (church) built. *1348-49 - Pogroms and persecution of the Jews in Bern following the Black Death.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=«Judentum», in: Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz HLS online, 2016|url=https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/011376/2016-02-01/}}</ref> * 1353 - Canton of Bern joins the Swiss Confederacy.<ref name=HLS-canton>{{citation |title= Bern (Kanton) |trans-title=Bern (canton) |work=Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz |url= http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D7383.php |language=de |access-date=30 October 2015 }}</ref><ref name=brit1910/> * 1380 - Public clock installed (approximate date).<ref name="Rossum1996">{{cite book|author=Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum |author-link=:de:Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum |title=History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders |year= 1996|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-15510-4 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=9Za4jdBEVB4C&pg=PA392 }}</ref> * 1383-1384 - Burgdorferkrieg (Kyberg-Bern war) takes place in the County of Burgundy. * 1406 - Construction begins of current Town hall of Bern.<ref name=brit1910/> * 1417 - Bern Town Hall (town hall) built.<ref name="Schelbert2014" /> * 1421 - Bern Munster construction begins.<ref name=brit1910>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Bern (city) |volume= 3 |last= Coolidge |first= William Augustus Brevoort |author-link= William Augustus Brevoort Coolidge | page = 795 }}</ref> * 1430 - Konrad Justinger writes ''Chronik der Stadt Bern'', a history of the city. * 1470 - ''Tschachtlanchronik'' (Bern history) compiled. * 1489 - Untertorbrücke (bridge) built. * 1494 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Antoniterkirche (Bern)|de}} (church) rebuilt. * 1513 - Town begins to keep bears in the Bärenplatz.<ref name=brit1910 /> * 1525 - Printing press in operation.<ref name="Bouchot1890">{{cite book|author= Henri Bouchot|author-link= Henri Bouchot|editor=H. Grevel |location=London |title=The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time|year=1890|publisher=H. Grevel & Co. |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=5ycxAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA367 |chapter=Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established }}</ref> * 1528 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Bern Disputation|de}}. * 1530 - Astronomical clock installed in the Zytglogge.<ref name="Schelbert2014" /> * 1532 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Bernese Synod|de|3=Berner Synodus}} adopted.<ref name="Ehrstine2002">{{cite book|author=Glenn Ehrstine|title=Theater, Culture, and Community in Reformation Bern: 1523 - 1555|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r-j3SgmP5NcC|year=2002|publisher=Brill |isbn=90-04-12353-9}}</ref> * 1543 - Gerechtigkeitsbrunnen (Bern) (fountain) erected on Gerechtigkeitsgasse. * 1544 - Simsonbrunnen (fountain) erected. * 1546 - Fountains Anna-Seiler-Brunnen (on Marktgasse) and Pfeiferbrunnen (on Spitalgasse) erected. * 1573 - Munster construction ends.<ref name=brit1910 /> * 1615 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Schallenhaus|de}} (prison) in operation.{{citation needed|date=September 2015}} * 1689 - newspaper ''Gazette de Berne'' starts to be printed.<ref>{{HDS|043041|author=Ernst Bollinger|Gazette de Bern}}</ref> * 1700 - Population: 14,219.<ref name=HLS /> * 1718 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Kornhaus (Bern)|de}} (granary) built.<ref name="Schelbert2014" /> * 1720 - Bern banking crisis of 1720<ref>{{cite book| first=Nikolaus |last=Linder |title=Die Berner Bankenkrise von 1720 und das Recht. Eine Studie zur Rechts-, Banken- und Finanzgeschichte der Alten Schweiz|place= Zürich |publisher=Schulthess Juristische Medien |date= 2004}}</ref> * 1729 - Church of the Holy Ghost, Bern rebuilt.<ref name="Schelbert2014" /> * 1752 - Erlacherhof (mansion) built.<ref name="Schelbert2014" /> * 1759 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Ökonomische Gesellschaft|de|3=Ökonomische und Gemeinnützige Gesellschaft des Kantons Bern OGG}} (scientific society) founded.<ref name="McClellan1985">{{cite book|author=James E. McClellan|title=Science Reorganized: Scientific Societies in the Eighteenth Century|year= 1985|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-05996-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UXrpGZ6zsH8C }}</ref> * 1798 - 5 March: Battle of Grauholz takes place in canton; French in power.<ref name=HLS-canton /> * 1799 - Stämpfli (publisher) in business.[http://www.staempfli.com/en/staempfli-ag/company/#c6612]

==19th century==

* 1803 - City library active.<ref name=michel-1985 /> * 1815 - Bernischen Musikgesellschaft (music society) founded.<ref name="Grunau1908">{{cite book|author= Gustav Grunau |title=Gedenkschrift zum 50-jährigen Bestehen der Berner Musikschule|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hdosAAAAYAAJ|year=1908|publisher=Grunau |location=Bern |language=de }}</ref> * 1817 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Rathaus zum Äusseren Stand|de}} (government building) rebuilt. * 1818 - Population: 18,997.<ref name=HLS /> * 1830 - Eidgenössisches Schützenfest held in Bern. * 1832 ** Karl Zeerleder becomes mayor. ** Canton becomes administratively independent of city.<ref name="Schelbert2014" /> * 1834 - University of Bern established.<ref name=brit1910 /> * 1837 - Population: 24,362.<ref name=HLS /> * 1844 - Nydeggbrücke (bridge) built. * 1846 **Jews granted freedom of establishment in the canton.<ref>{{Cite web|title=«Antisemitismus», in: Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz HLS online, 2009|url=https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/011379/2009-11-18}}</ref> **{{Interlanguage link multi|Historical Society of the Canton of Bern|de|3=Historischer Verein des Kantons Bern}} founded.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.digibern.ch/katalog/archiv-des-historischen-vereins-des-kantons-bern |work=DigiBern |title= Archiv des Historischen Vereins des Kantons Bern |language=de |access-date= 30 September 2015 |publisher= {{Interlanguage link multi|Universitätsbibliothek Bern|de}} }} (links to fulltext publications of the society)</ref> * 1848 - Bern becomes capital of Switzerland.<ref name=haydn1910 /><ref name=brit1910/> * 1850 ** ''Der Bund'' newspaper begins publication. ** Population: 29,670 in city; 407,765 in canton.<ref name=population2005 /> * 1851 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Tiefenaubrücke|de}} (bridge) built. * 1857 - Federal Palace of Switzerland<ref name="Schelbert2014" /> and Bärengraben (bear pit) built. * 1858 ** Bern railway station opens. ** {{Interlanguage link multi|Musikschule Konservatorium Bern|de}} founded.<ref name="Grunau1908" /> * 1863 - Bernischen Juristenverein (lawyers' association) founded.[http://www.bernischerjuristenverein.ch/] * 1864 - Catholic Church of St. Peter and Paul, Bern built.<ref name="Schelbert2014" /> * 1868 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Chocolat Tobler|de}} in business. * 1874 ** International {{Interlanguage link multi|Weltpostkongress 1874|de}} (postal union meeting) held in Bern; "Treaty concerning the formation of a General Postal Union" signed. ** Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland headquartered in Bern.<ref name="europa2004">{{cite book|title= Europa World Year Book |year=2004|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-85743-255-8 |chapter=Switzerland |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=gP_-8rXzQs8C&pg=PA4043 }}</ref> * 1877 - Bern Symphony Orchestra established.<ref name="Lawson2003-19th">{{cite book|editor= Colin Lawson|editor-link= Colin Lawson|title= Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra|year= 2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-00132-8 |chapter= Orchestras Founded in the 19th Century (chronological list) |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=1DW1WyiooSMC&pg=PA275 }}</ref> * 1879 - Conche machine invented by chocolate maker Rodolphe Lindt. * 1880 ** {{Interlanguage link multi|Engehalbinsel|de}} oppidum ruins discovered near city.{{citation needed|date=September 2015}} ** Population: 44,087 in city; 471,991 in canton.<ref name=population2005 /> * 1886 - International "Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works" signed in city.<ref name=haydn1910 /> * 1888 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Berner Tramway-Gesellschaft|de|3=Berner Tramway-Gesellschaft (1888)}} founded. * 1891 ** August: 700th anniversary of city founding.<ref name=haydn1910 /> ** {{Interlanguage link multi|State Archive of Bern|de|3=Staatsarchiv des Kantons Bern}} founded. * 1893 ** June: Labour unrest.<ref name=haydn1910 /> ** {{Interlanguage link multi|Johanneskirche (Bern)|de}} (church) built. ** Frauenkomitee Bern founded. * 1894 - Bern Historical Museum built. * 1900 ** {{Interlanguage link multi|Städtische Strassenbahn Bern|de}} (public transit operator) and {{Interlanguage link multi|Gutenberg Museum (Bern)|de|3=Gutenberg Museum}}[http://www.gutenbergmuseum.ch/en/museum/history/] established. ** Population: 64,227.<ref name=brit1910/>

==20th century==

* 1902 - Federal Palace of Switzerland building expanded.<ref name=brit1910 /> * 1903 - Albert Einstein moves into Einsteinhaus on Kramgasse. * 1905 ** St. Paul's Church, Bern built. ** Akademischer Alpenclub Bern (hiking club) formed.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Mountaineering Clubs, 1857-1907 |author=A.J. Mackintosh |journal=Alpine Journal |location=UK |year=1907 |url= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101076197365?urlappend=%3Bseq=694 |number=177 |hdl=2027/njp.32101076197365?urlappend=%3Bseq=694 }}</ref> * 1906 ** "International Convention respecting the Prohibition of the Use of White (Yellow) Phosphorus in the Manufacture of Matches" signed in Bern. ** Anglican St Ursula's Church, Berne built. * 1910 ** Eidgenössisches Schützenfest and Swiss Aviation Exhibition held.<ref name=airport /> ** Population: 90,937 in city; 578,381 in canton.<ref name=population2005 /> * 1914 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Schweizerische Landesausstellung 1914|de}} (national exposition) held in Bern. * 1915 - March: International socialist anti-war women's conference held in Bern.<ref name="Docherty2006">{{cite book|author1= James C. Docherty |author2= Peter Lamb |title=Historical Dictionary of Socialism |year= 2006 |edition=2nd |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6477-1 |chapter=Chronology |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=JRYjU-L4F7wC&pg=PR21 }}</ref> * 1918 ** {{Interlanguage link multi|Elfenau|de}} park now belongs to city.<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.bernerzeitung.ch/region/bern/Russische-Fuerstin-wirkte-Wunder-in-Bern-/story/13523418 |title=Russische Fürstin wirkte Wunder in Bern |date=15 September 2012 |work =Berner Zeitung |language=de }}</ref> ** {{Interlanguage link multi|Haupt Verlag|de}} (publisher) in business.[http://www.haupt.ch/Unternehmen/Ueber-uns/?cur=1&force_sid=dbcb4fe293094a51d39669cfc67c7ef3] * 1919 ** Bümpliz becomes part of city.<ref name=HLS>{{citation |title= Bern (Gemeinde) |trans-title=Bern (municipality) |work=Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz |url= http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D209.php |language=de |access-date= 30 September 2015 }}</ref> ** February: Second International conference held in Bern.<ref name="Docherty2006" /> * 1920 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Friedenskirche (Bern)|de}} (church) built. * 1928 - Schweizeische Ausstellung für Frauenarbeit (women's rights event) held in Bern. * 1929 ** Bern Aerodrome begins operating.<ref name=airport>{{cite web |url=http://www.flughafenbern.ch/en/corporate/Flughafen-Bern-AG/Geschichte |title=History |publisher=Flughafen Bern AG |series=Bern Airport |access-date= 30 September 2015 }}</ref> ** {{Interlanguage link multi|Alpar AG|de}} airline headquartered in Bern.<ref name=airport /> * 1930 - Population: 111,783 in city; 623,665 in canton.<ref name=population2005 /> * 1933 - Bern Trial begins. * 1936 - National Party of Farmers, Traders and Independents headquartered in Bern.<ref name="Ladner2004">{{cite book|author=Andreas Ladner |title=Stabilität und Wandel von Parteien und Parteiensystemen: Eine vergleichende Analyse von Konfliktlinien, Parteien und Parteiensystemen in den Schweizer Kantonen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tMslBgAAQBAJ|year=2004 |publisher={{Interlanguage link multi|Springer Fachmedien|de}} |isbn=978-3-322-80995-7 |language=de }}</ref> * 1939 ** Tierpark Dählhölzli (zoo) opens.<ref name="Kisling2000">{{cite book|editor=Vernon N. Kisling|title=Zoo and Aquarium History|year= 2000|publisher=CRC Press |location=USA |isbn=978-1-4200-3924-5 |chapter=Zoological Gardens of Switzerland (chronological list) |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=dxTrR5nOE0UC&pg=PA373 }}</ref> ** ''Berner Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Heimatkunde'' (history journal) in publication.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.digibern.ch/katalog/berner-zeitschrift-fuer-geschichte |work=DigiBern |title= Berner Zeitschrift für Geschichte |language=de |access-date= 30 September 2015 |publisher= Universitätsbibliothek Bern }} (links to fulltext)</ref> * 1940 - Trolleybus begins operating. *1941- 1943 – The Bern group (Lados group) operates secretly to rescue Jews from the Holocaust.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lubrich|first=Naomi|title=Pässe, Profiteure, Polizei. Ein Schweizer Kriegsgeheimnis. Passports, Profiteers, Police. A Swiss War Secret.|publisher=Edition Clandestin, Jüdisches Museum der Schweiz|year=2021|location=Basel/ Biel}}</ref> * 1947 - Städtische Verkehrsbetriebe Bern (public transit operator) established. * 1949 ** {{Interlanguage link multi|Zytglogge Theater|de}} founded.<ref name=Rubin1994>{{cite book |title=World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre: Europe |editor=Don Rubin |year=1994 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9780415251570 |chapter=Switzerland |pages=[https://archive.org/details/worldencyclopedi0002unse_j6c2/page/828 828+] |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1fDaAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA828 |display-editors=etal |url=https://archive.org/details/worldencyclopedi0002unse_j6c2/page/828 }}</ref> ** {{Interlanguage link multi|Felsenaubrücke|de}} (bridge) and {{Interlanguage link multi|Petruskirche (Bern)|de}} (church) built. * 1950 - Population: 146,499 in city; 731,550 in canton.<ref name=population2005 /> * 1951 - Burgerbibliothek of Berne (public library) foundation established.<ref name=michel-1985>{{cite journal |author= Hans A. Michel |title=Das wissenschaftliche Bibliothekswesen Berns vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart |journal= Berner Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Heimatkunde |number= 47 |year=1985 |pages= 167–234 |language=de |url=http://retro.seals.ch/digbib/view2?pid=zgh-001:1985:47::203 |via= ETH-Bibliothek }}</ref> * 1955 - February: The Romanian embassy is seized. * 1963 - Camerata Bern founded. * 1969 - Szeemann's art exhibit "provokes a national scandal."<ref name=heilbrunn11euwcm>{{cite web |url= http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/?period=11&region=euwcm#tabs-2 |title= Germany and Switzerland, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events |work= Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |location=New York |access-date= 30 September 2015 }}</ref> * 1970 - Population: 162,405 in city; 901,706 in canton.<ref name=population2005 /> * 1977 ** Gurtenfestival of music begins. ** Albert Einstein Society founded. * 1979 ** French-speaking Canton of Jura secedes from mostly German-speaking Canton of Bern.<ref name=bbc-timeline>{{citation |work=BBC News |title=Switzerland Profile: Timeline |date=8 May 2012 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17988450 |access-date= 30 September 2015 }}</ref> ** ''Berner Zeitung'' (newspaper) begins publication. * 1982 - 6 September: Polish embassy occupied.<ref>{{citation |work=The New York Times|date=7 September 1982 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/09/07/world/polish-rebels-seize-embassy-in-bern.html |title= Polish rebels seize embassy in Bern }}</ref> * 1983 - Old City of Bern designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site.<ref name="Schelbert2014">{{cite book|author=Leo Schelbert|title=Historical Dictionary of Switzerland|year= 2014 |edition =2nd |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-1-4422-3352-2 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=XRevAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA43 }}</ref> * 1984 - Regional Transport Bern-Solothurn established. * 1990 - March: Demonstration against federal government keeping secret files on citizens.<ref name="europa2004" /> * 1993 - Klaus Baumgartner becomes mayor. * 1995 **Jewish religious community of Bern recognised under public law.<ref name=":0" /> **Bern S-Bahn railway in operation. * 2000 - Population: 128,634 in city; 957,197 in canton.<ref name=population2005>{{citation |url= http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/fr/index/regionen/22/publ.html?publicationID=743 |title=Evolution de la population des communes 1850-2000 |language=fr |publisher=Swiss Confederation, Federal Statistical Office |format=xls |year=2005 }}</ref>

==21st century==

* 2002 - House of Religions founded.<ref name="Schelbert2014" /> * 2004 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Buskers Bern Street Music Festival|de|3=Buskers Bern Strassenmusik-Festival}} begins.<ref name=timeout>{{citation |url=http://www.timeout.com/switzerland/bern |title=Switzerland: Bern City Guide |work=Time Out |location=UK |access-date= 30 September 2015 }}</ref> * 2005 ** Paul Klee Centre built. ** Alexander Tschäppät becomes mayor. * 2007 ** 4 August: {{Interlanguage link multi|Kulturzentrum Reithalle|de}} bombing.<ref>{{citation |work=Der Bund |location=Bern |language=de |title=Sprengstoffanschlag auf Reitschule: Prozess könnte noch heuer stattfinden |date= 25 June 2015 |url=http://www.derbund.ch/bern/stadt/Sprengstoffanschlag-auf-Reitschule-Prozess-koennte-noch-heuer-stattfinden/story/21839153 }}</ref> ** October: Political unrest.<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/oct/08/international.mainsection |work=The Guardian |location=UK |date= 7 October 2007 |title=Switzerland reeling as radicals create havoc at rightwing political rally }}</ref> * 2008 - June: UEFA Euro 2008 Group C football contest takes place in Bern.<ref>{{citation |publisher=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-soccer-euro-berne-fans-idUKROG93453720080610 |title= Back to normality for Berne after Dutch invasion |date=10 June 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{citation |publisher=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-soccer-euro-swiss-fans-idUKL1234039120080612 |title= Berne police fired pellets on rowdy fans |date=12 June 2008 }}</ref> * 2009 - Bärengraben opens.<ref>{{citation |url= http://www.bernerzeitung.ch/region/bern/Chronologie-Ein-Park-mit-einem-zehnjaehrigen-Auf-und-Ab/story/11220341 |title= Chronologie: Ein Park mit einem zehnjährigen Auf und Ab |date=2 July 2010 |work =Berner Zeitung |language=de }}</ref> * 2013 - Population: 137,980.<ref name=jahrbuch2014>{{citation |chapter-url=http://www.bern.ch/leben_in_bern/stadt/statistik/publikationen/jahrbuch |title=Jahrbuch 2014 |chapter=Bevölkerung |language=de |publisher=Stadt Bern }}</ref>

==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ''This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia and French Wikipedia.''

==Bibliography== '''in English''' * {{cite book|editor= William Henry Overall|editor-link= William Henry Overall|title= Dictionary of Chronology|year=1870|publisher=William Tegg |location=London |chapter= Berne |hdl= 2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949?urlappend=%3Bseq=90|chapter-url= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949?urlappend=%3Bseq=90 }} * {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Bern (city) |volume= 3 |last= Coolidge |first= William Augustus Brevoort |author-link= William Augustus Brevoort Coolidge | page = 795 |short= 1}} * {{cite book |year=1912 |edition=2nd |title=Switzerland |series= Grieben's Guide Books |location=Berlin |publisher=Albert Goldschmidt |chapter=Berne |hdl=2027/uc1.$b264107?urlappend=%3Bseq=98 |chapter-url= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.$b264107?urlappend=%3Bseq=98 }}

'''in German''' * {{cite book |author=Eduard von Rodt |author-link=:de:Eduard von Rodt |title=Bernische Stadtgeschichte|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1kUwAAAAYAAJ |year=1886 |publisher=Huber & Comp. |location=Bern |language=de }} * {{cite book |author=Berchtold Weber |title= Historisch-topographisches Lexikon der Stadt Bern |year= 1976 |language=de |url=http://www.digibern.ch/katalog/historisch-topographisches-lexikon-der-stadt-bern |via=DigiBern }} (fulltext) * {{cite book |editor=Peter Meyer |title= Illustrierte Berner Enzyklopädie |language=de |url=http://www.digibern.ch/katalog/illustrierte-berner-enzyklopaedie |via=DigiBern }} 1981-1987 (fulltext) * {{cite book |author=J. Sulzer|title= Stadtplanung in Bern |year= 1989 |language=de |display-authors=etal}} * {{cite journal |title=Festschrift zum 800-Jahr-Jubiläum der Stadt Bern |journal= Berner Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Heimatkunde |number= 53 |year= 1991 |language=de |url=http://retro.seals.ch/digbib/voltoc?pid=zgh-001:1991:53 |via= ETH-Bibliothek }} (fulltext) * {{cite book |editor1=Ch. Lüthi |editor2=B. Meier |title=Bern: eine Stadt bricht auf |year= 1998 |language=de }}

==External links== {{Commons category|History of Bern}} * {{citation |url=http://www.burgerbib.ch/d/publikationen/bibliografie.html |title= Bibliografie der Berner Geschichte |trans-title=Bibliography of the History of Bern |publisher=Burgerbibliothek of Berne |language=de }} 1995–present

Category:History of Bern Bern Bern Category:Years in Switzerland Bern