{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}} {{For|the butterfly genus|Tigridia (butterfly)}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Tigridia pavonia flower.jpg | image_caption = ''Tigridia pavonia'' in Mexico | display_parents = 2 | taxon = Tigridia | authority = Juss. | type_species = ''Tigridia pavonia'' | type_species_authority = (L.f.) Redouté |synonyms_ref = <ref name="Powo">{{cite web |title=''Tigridia'' Juss. {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30022912-2 |website=Plants of the World Online |access-date=30 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref> | synonyms = {{collapsible list| * ''Ainea'' <small>Ravenna in Bot. Not. 132: 467 (1979)</small> * ''Beatonia'' <small>Herb. in Bot. Mag. 66: t. 3779 (1840)</small> * ''Cardiostigma'' <small>Baker in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 102 (1877)</small> * ''Colima'' <small>(Ravenna) Aarón Rodr. & Ortiz-Cat. in Acta Bot. Mex. 65: 53 (2003)</small> * ''Fosteria'' <small>Molseed in Brittonia 20: 232 (1968)</small> * ''Hydrotaenia'' <small>Lindl. in Edwards's Bot. Reg. 24(Misc.): 69 (1838)</small> * ''Pardinia'' <small>Herb. in Edwards's Bot. Reg. 30(Misc.): 66 (1844)</small> * ''Rigidella'' <small>Lindl. in Edwards's Bot. Reg. 26: t. 16 (1840)</small> * ''Sessilanthera'' {{au|Molseed & Cruden in Brittonia 21: 191 (1969)}} }} }} '''''Tigridia''''' {{IPAc-en|t|aɪ|ˈ|ɡ|r|ɪ|d|i|ə}},<ref>''Sunset Western Garden Book,'' 1995:606–607</ref> is a genus of bulbous or cormous flowering plants belonging to the family Iridaceae. With common names including '''peacock flowers''',<ref>{{PLANTS|id=TIGRI|taxon=Tigridia|access-date=10 December 2015}}</ref> '''tiger flowers''', '''jaguar flowers''',<ref name=Davidse>Davidse, G., M. Sousa Sánchez & A.O. Chater. 1994. Alismataceae a Cyperaceae. 6: i–xvi, 1–543. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez & A.O. Chater (eds.) Fl. Mesoamer.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D. F.</ref> or '''shell flowers''', they have large showy flowers; and one species, ''Tigridia pavonia'', is often cultivated for this. The approximately 60 species in this family grow in the Americas, from Mexico down to Chile.<ref name="Powo"/>
The ''tigridia'' flower is short lived, each often blooming for only one day, but often several flowers will bloom from the same stalk. Usually they are dormant during the winter dry-season. The roots are edible and were eaten by the Aztecs of Mexico who called it ''cacomitl'', and its flower ''ocēlōxōchitl'' meaning "jaguar flower".<ref name=Davidse/>
It was first published by French botanist Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in his book ''Genera plantarum'' on page 57 in 1789.<ref name="Powo"/>
The genus name ''Tigridia'' means "tiger-like", and alludes to the coloration and spotting of the flowers of the type species ''Tigridia pavonia''.<ref name="Goldblatt2008">{{cite book |author1=Manning, John |author2=Goldblatt, Peter |title=The Iris Family: Natural History & Classification |publisher=Timber Press |location=Portland, Oregon|pages=253–56 |year=2008|isbn=978-0-88192-897-6}}</ref><ref>Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., R. D. C. Ortiz, R. Callejas Posada & M. Merello. (eds.) 2011. Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 9–939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín</ref><ref>Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1952. Iridaceae. In Flora of Guatemala - Part III. Fieldiana, Botany 24(3): 159–178</ref>
==Species== There are 60 species accepted by Plants of the World Online;<ref name="Powo"/> {{div col}} * ''Tigridia albicans'' <small>Ravenna</small> - Tacna Province in Peru * ''Tigridia alpestris'' <small>Molseed</small> - Mexico * ''Tigridia amatlanensis'' <small>Aarón Rodr. & García-Mend</small> - Oaxaca * ''Tigridia arequipensis'' {{au|Montesinos, A.Pauca & Revilla}} * ''Tigridia augusta'' <small>Drapiez</small> - central + southern Mexico * ''Tigridia azufresensis'' {{au|López-Pérez & Munguía-Lino}} * ''Tigridia bicolor'' <small>Molseed</small> - Oaxaca * ''Tigridia catarinensis'' <small>Cruden</small> - San Luis Potosí * ''Tigridia chiapensis'' <small>Molseed ex Cruden</small> - Chiapas * ''Tigridia chrysantha'' <small>Cruden & S.J.Walker ex McVaugh</small> - Jalisco * ''Tigridia citrina'' {{au|(Cruden) Goldblatt}} * ''Tigridia coerulea'' {{au|Goldblatt}} * ''Tigridia convoluta'' <small>(Ravenna) Goldblatt</small> - Oaxaca * ''Tigridia conzattii'' <small>(R.C.Foster) Goldblatt</small> - Oaxaca * ''Tigridia dugesii'' <small>S.Watson</small> - Jalisco * ''Tigridia durangensis'' <small>Molseed ex Cruden</small> - Durango * ''Tigridia ehrenbergii'' <small>(Schltdl.) Molseed</small> - Mexico * ''Tigridia estelae'' <small>López-Ferr. & Espejo</small> - Durango * ''Tigridia flammea'' <small>(Lindl.) Ravenna</small> - Michoacán * ''Tigridia fosteri'' {{au|Goldblatt}} * ''Tigridia galanthoides'' <small>Molseed</small> - southern Mexico * ''Tigridia gracielae'' <small>Aarón Rodr. & Ortiz-Cat.</small> - México State * ''Tigridia hallbergii'' <small>Molseed</small> - central + southern Mexico, Guatemala * ''Tigridia heliantha'' {{au|(Ravenna) Goldblatt}} * ''Tigridia hintonii'' <small>Molseed</small> - Guerrero * ''Tigridia huajuapanensis'' <small>Molseed ex Cruden</small> - Oaxaca * ''Tigridia huyanae'' <small>(J.F.Macbr.) Ravenna</small> - Lima Province in Peru * ''Tigridia immaculata'' <small>(Herb.) Ravenna</small> - Oaxaca, Chiapas, Guatemala * ''Tigridia inusitata'' <small>(Cruden) Ravenna</small> - Guerrero * ''Tigridia latifolia'' {{au|(Weath.) Goldblatt}} * ''Tigridia longispatha'' {{au|(Herb.) Goldblatt}} * ''Tigridia lutea'' {{au|Link, Klotzsch & Otto}} - Lima and Ancash provinces of Peru * ''Tigridia mariaetrinitatis'' <small>Espejo & López-Ferr.</small> - Oaxaca * ''Tigridia martinezii'' <small>Calderón</small> - Hidalgo * ''Tigridia matudae'' <small>Molseed</small> - México State * ''Tigridia meleagris'' <small>(Lindl.) G.Nicholson</small> - central + southern Mexico, Guatemala * ''Tigridia mexicana'' <small>Molseed</small> - central + southern Mexico * ''Tigridia minuta'' <small>Ravenna</small> - Apurímac + Ayacucho Provinces in Peru * ''Tigridia molseediana'' <small>Ravenna</small> - Oaxaca, Guatemala * ''Tigridia mortonii'' <small>Molseed</small> - México State * ''Tigridia multiflora'' <small>(Baker) Ravenna</small> - central + southern Mexico * ''Tigridia nanchititlensis'' {{au|Aarón Rodr. & Szeszko}} * ''Tigridia oaxacana'' <small>(Molseed) Goldblatt</small> - Oaxaca * ''Tigridia orthantha'' <small>(Lem.) Ravenna</small> - Oaxaca, Chiapas, Guatemala * ''Tigridia pavonia'' <small>(L.f.) Redouté</small> - Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras * ''Tigridia pearcei'' <small>(Baker) Ravenna</small> - Huánuco region in Peru * ''Tigridia philippiana'' <small>I.M.Johnst.</small> - Tarapacá + Antofagasta Provinces in Chile * ''Tigridia potosina'' <small>López-Ferr. & Espejo</small> - San Luis Potosí * ''Tigridia pugana'' <small>Aarón Rodr. & Ortiz-Cat.</small> - Jalisco * ''Tigridia pulchella'' <small>B.L.Rob.</small> - Jalisco, Michoacán * ''Tigridia purpusii'' <small>Molseed</small> - Puebla and northern Oaxaca * ''Tigridia purruchucana'' <small>(Herb.) Ravenna</small> - Lima Province in Peru * ''Tigridia raimondii'' <small>Ravenna</small> - Arequipa Province in Peru * ''Tigridia rzedowskiana'' <small>Aarón Rodr. & Ortiz-Cat.</small> - Querétaro * ''Tigridia seleriana'' <small>(Loes.) Ravenna</small> - Oaxaca, Chiapas, Guatemala * ''Tigridia suarezii'' <small>Aarón Rodr. & Ortiz-Cat.</small> - Jalisco * ''Tigridia tepoxtlana'' <small>Ravenna</small> - Morelos * ''Tigridia tuitensis'' {{au|(Aarón Rodr. & Ortiz-Cat.) Goldblatt}} * ''Tigridia vanhouttei''<small>(Baker) Espejo & López-Ferr</small> - central + northeastern Mexico * ''Tigridia venusta'' <small>Cruden</small> - Michoacán {{div col end}}
==Hybrids== Several hybrids exist, including; ''Tigridia × mathewii'' {{au|J.M.H.Shaw}}, first published in Phytoneuron 2015-53: 4 in 2015. It is an artificial hybrid, a cross of ''T. orthantha'' × ''T. pavonia''.<ref>{{cite web |title=''Tigridia × mathewii'' J.M.H.Shaw {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77159180-1 |website=Plants of the World Online |access-date=30 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
==Distribution== They are native to the countries (and regions) of; northern Chile, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico and Peru.<ref name="Powo"/>
They have been introduced into: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Madeira.<ref name="Powo"/>
==References== {{Reflist}}
==Other sources== * Rodriguez, A. and K. Sytsma. 2006. Phylogeny of the "Tiger-flower" group (Tigrideae: Iridaceae): Molecular and morphological evidence. Pp. 412–424, in J.T. Columbus, E.A. Friar, J.M. Porter, L.M. Prince and M.G. Simpson (eds.). Monocots: Comparative Biology and Evolution, Vol. 1. Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont.
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1629444}} {{Authority control}}
Category:Iridaceae Category:Iridaceae genera Category:Flora of Mexico Category:Flora of El Salvador Category:Flora of Guatemala Category:Flora of Honduras Category:Flora of Peru Category:Flora of northern Chile Category:Flora of central Chile Category:Flora of southern Chile Category:Plants described in 1789 {{Commons category|Tigridia (Iridaceae)|Tigridia}}