{{Short description|Extinct species of fern}} {{Automatic taxobox |fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Late Carboniferous|Permian}} |image = Tietea_-_Perm_Brazil.jpg |image_caption = |taxon = Tietea |authority = Solms-Laubach |subdivision_ranks = Species |subdivision = {{Species list |Tietea derbyi|Herbst |Tietea singularis|Solms-Laubach }} |subdivision_ref = <ref name=TavaRohnNereRosl24/> }} '''''Tietea''''' was a genus of marattialean tree ferns from the Late Carboniferous to the Permian. The genus has been placed in a number of families, including Psaroniaceae.<ref name=TavaRohnNereRosl24>{{Citation |last1=Tavares |first1=T.M.V. |last2=Rohn |first2=Rosemarie |last3=Neregato |first3=Rodrigo |last4=Röβler |first4=Ronny |last5=Noll |first5=Robert |last6=Kurzawe |first6=Francine |last7=da Conceição |first7=Domingas Maria |last8=Cisneros |first8=Juan Carlos |last9=Iannuzzi |first9=Roberto |last10=da Silva Belem |first10=Antonio Rhamon |last11=Karollyni Coutinho |first11=Barbara |date=2024 |editor1-last=Iannuzzi |editor1-first=R. |editor2-last=Rößler |editor2-first=R. |editor3-last=Kunzmann |editor3-first=L. |contribution=Diversity and Growth Forms of Tree Ferns in the Permian from the Parnaíba Basin (Central-North Brazil) |title=Brazilian Paleofloras |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-319-90913-4 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-90913-4_7-1 |name-list-style=amp }}</ref> The first described species was '''''Tietea singularis''''', which grew up to {{convert|12|m|ft}} in height. It is estimated to represent close to 90% of some fossil assemblages in Brazil.<ref>{{citation |author=Rößler, Ronny and Galtier, Jean |year=2002 |title=First ''Grammatopteris'' tree ferns from the Southern Hemisphere - New insights in the evolution of the Osmundaceae from the Permian of Brazil |journal=Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology |volume=121 |pages=205-230 |doi=10.1016/S0034-6667(02)00086-6}}</ref><ref>Petrified Wood Museum: [http://petrifiedwoodmuseum.org/Anatomy.htm The Anatomy of Arborescent Plant Life Through Time]</ref> '''''Tietea derbyi''''' was described in 1992, but its validity has been questioned as it could be a laterally flattened specimen of ''T. singularis''.
==Description== ''Tietea singularis'' stems usually are less than {{convert|20|cm|in}} in diameter, bearing four orthostichies of leaves in a decussate arrangement. The stem is surrounded by a continuous ring of sclerenchyma that separates it from the root mantle.<ref>Herbst, 1986</ref> ''T. singularis'' stem transverse sections have the same basic structure as ''Psaronius'', but are composed of central vascular bundles having smaller, O- and C-shaped forms, or wavy segments having a short, rounded or fat configuration. Leaf traces are polymeristelic in Tietea, while they are monomeristelic in ''Psaronius''.<ref>Petrified Wood Museum: [http://petrifiedwoodmuseum.org/AnatomyTieteaPsaronius.html Tietea vs. Psaronius]</ref> The ''Tietea'' root mantle is composed of polyarch roots embedded in a parenchymatous tissue that is produced both by the stem and the roots.<ref>Edith L. Taylor, Thomas N. Taylor, Michael Krings: ''Paleobotany: The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants'' (2009), page 425</ref>
==Distribution== The preserved examples of ''Tietea singularis'' from Pedra do Fogo Formation, in the Maranhão Basin (northeastern Brazil, near Araguaína) exhibit remarkable cell preservation and exquisite coloration. Much of the recovered wood material from this formation is of the tree ferns ''Psaronius'' and ''T. singularis'', with fewer examples of the fossilized stems being of ''Calamites''. Conifers such as ''Dadoxylon'' are also found.
''Tietea singularis'' is also seen abundantly in the Motuca Formation, Parnaíba Basin in Filadélfia, Tocantins. In 2000, the area of the Motuca formation was transformed into a Natural monument, the Monumento Natural das Árvores Fossilizadas-MONAF (Tocantins Fossil Trees Natural Monument).<ref>Dissertation: [http://acervodigital.unesp.br/handle/unesp/67799 Study of marattiales in the Tocantins Fossilized Forest]</ref><ref>FAPESP Research Magazine, [http://revistapesquisa.fapesp.br/en/2013/10/07/its-a-stick-its-a-stone/ Edition 210 - August 2013]</ref>
== References == {{Commons category|Tietea}} {{Reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from1=Q21078730|from2=Q15982469}}
Category:Marattiidae Category:Prehistoric plants of South America Category:Carboniferous Brazil Category:Permian Brazil Category:Fossils of Brazil Category:Paraná Basin
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