{{Short description|Internet service provider leasing connectivity from one or more primary ("Tier 1") ISPs }} {{Use American English|date=January 2019}} {{More citations needed|date=August 2013}} thumb|upright=1.5|Relationship between the various tiers of Internet providers A '''Tier 2 network''' is an Internet service provider which engages in the practice of peering with other networks, but which also purchases IP transit to reach some portion of the Internet.<ref>{{cite web | title=What is a Tier 2 ISP?|last1=Norton |first1=William B.|url=https://drpeering.net/white-papers/Ecosystems/Tier-2-ISP.html |website=DrPeering |access-date=15 September 2023}}</ref>
Tier 2 providers are the most common Internet service providers, as it is much easier to purchase transit from a Tier 1 network than to peer with them and attempt to become a Tier 1 carrier.
The term '''Tier 3''' is sometimes also used to describe networks who solely purchase IP transit from other networks to reach the Internet.
==List of large or important Tier 2 networks== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Name ! AS Number ! August 2021 degree<ref name="CAIDA AS ranking">{{Cite web|url=https://asrank.caida.org/|title=AS Rank: A ranking of the largest Autonomous Systems (AS) in the Internet.|website=asrank.caida.org}}</ref><ref name="caida.org">[http://www.caida.org/research/topology/as_core_network/ Visualizing Internet Topology at a Macroscopic Scale] April 2005</ref> ! Reason |- | Hurricane Electric | 6939 | 9243 | IPv4: Purchases transit from Arelion/AS1299.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://as-rank.caida.org/?mode0=as-info&mode1=as-table&as=6939|title=CAIDA AS Rank|accessdate=2015-07-29|date=2016-01-25}}</ref><br /> IPv6: Does not provide IPv6 routing/connectivity to Cogent/AS174.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://mailman.nanog.org/pipermail/nanog/2016-March/084611.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615135041/https://mailman.nanog.org/pipermail/nanog/2016-March/084611.html|archive-date=2018-06-15|title=Cogent - Google - HE Fun|date=2016-03-09|access-date=2017-02-05}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web |last=Ben |first=Cartwright-Cox |date= |title=Network Partitions (HE and Cogent) |url=https://bgp.tools/kb/partitions |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=BGP.tools}}</ref> |- | Cogent Communications | 174 | 7041 | IPv6: Does not provide IPv6 routing/connectivity to Hurricane Electric/AS6939.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"/> |- | Telkom Indonesia International | 7713 | 551 | Purchases transit from Lumen/AS3356, Cogent/AS174, Arelion/AS1299, NTT America/AS2914, Telecom Italia Sparkle/AS6762, Tata Communications/AS6453, Singtel/AS7473. |- | RETN | 9002 | 1446 | Purchases transit from Lumen/AS3356, Telecom Italia Sparkle/AS6762. |- | next layer | 1764 | 987 | Purchases transit from Lumen/AS3356, Cogent/AS174, Arelion/AS1299, NTT America/AS2914, GTT/AS3257. |- | meerfarbig | 34549 | 688 | Purchases transit from Arelion/AS1299, GTT. |- | Korea Telecom | 4766 | 578 | Purchases transit from Lumen/AS3356, Arelion/AS1299, Cogent/AS174, Telecom Italia Sparkle/AS6762. |- | [http://www.fibrenoire.ca/en/ Fibrenoire] | 22652 | 127 | Purchases transit from Arelion/AS1299, Cogent/AS174, Tata Communications/AS6453, GTT/AS3257. |- | SK broadband | 9318 | 537 | Purchases transit from Arelion/AS1299, Cogent/AS174, NTT America/AS2914, Tata Communications/AS6453, PCCW Global/AS3491, Verizon/AS701. |- | TDC | 3292 | 191 | Purchases transit from Lumen/AS3356, Arelion/AS1299. |- | Internet Initiative Japan | 2497 | 329 | Purchases transit from Lumen/AS3356, Cogent/AS174, Verizon/AS701, NTT America/AS2914. |- | Vodafone (formerly Cable and Wireless) | 1273 | 303 | Purchases transit from Arelion/AS1299. |- | KDDI | 2516 | 308 | Purchases transit from Lumen/AS3356, Arelion/AS1299, Verizon/AS701, GTT/AS3257. |- | [http://www.moratelindo.co.id/en/ PT Mora Telematika Indonesia] | 23947 | 243 | Purchases transit from Cogent/AS174, GTT/AS3257, Hurricane Electric/AS6939. |- | China Telecom | 4134/4809 | 318 | Purchases transit from Cogent/AS174, Verizon/AS701, Lumen/AS3356. |- | China Unicom | 4837 | 310 | Purchases transit from Cogent/AS174, Verizon/AS701, Lumen/AS3356, Orange S.A./AS5511. |- | Chunghwa Telecom | 3462 | 364 | Purchases transit from Lumen/AS3356, Tata Communications/AS6453, NTT America/AS2914, Arelion/AS1299, Cogent/AS174. |- | British Telecom | 5400 | 151 | Purchases transit from Lumen/AS3356, Arelion/AS1299, NTT America/AS2914. |- | Comcast | 7922 | 192 | Purchases transit from Tata Communications/AS6453, NTT America/AS2914. |- | Tele2 (formerly SWIPNet) | 1257 | 167 | Purchases transit from Cogent/AS174. |- | KCOM Group | 12390 | 69 | Purchases transit from KPN/AS286, Lumen/AS3356, Cogent/AS174, NTT America/AS2914. |- | [https://www.spiritcom.com/ Spirit Communications] | 2711 | 82 | Purchases transit from Lumen/AS3356, Cogent/AS174, Arelion/AS1299, NTT America/AS2914. |- | Stealth Communications | 8002 | 47 | Purchases transit from Cogent/AS174, NTT America/AS2914. |- | Internap | 14744 | 33 | Purchases transit from Cogent/AS174, NTT America/AS2914, Verizon/AS701. |- | [http://www.fiberring.com/ FiberRing] | 38930 | 35 | Purchases transit from NTT America/AS2914, Arelion/AS1299, Tata Communications/AS6453, Cogent/AS174. |- | Core-Backbone GmbH | 33891 | 1311 | Purchases transit from Lumen/AS3356, Arelion/AS1299. |- | [https://www.fibertelecom.com/ Fiber Telecom] | 41327 | 2145 | Purchases transit from Lumen/AS3356, GTT/AS3257, Telecom Italia Sparkle/AS6762, Arelion/AS1299. |- | Singtel | 7473 | 359 | Purchases transit from Arelion/AS1299, Zayo/AS6461, Tata Communications/AS6453, PCCW Global/AS3491. |- | [http://www.sg.gs/ SG.GS] | 24482 | 417 | Purchases IP transit from NTT America/AS2914, Cogent/AS174, Tata Communications/AS6453. |- | [https://turktelekomint.com/ Turk Telekom International]<br />(d/b/a Euroweb.ro) | 9121/6663 | 250 | Purchases IP transit from Lumen/AS3356, Arelion/AS1299, NTT America/AS2914, Deutsche Telekom Global Carrier/AS3320, China Telecom/AS4134&AS4809. |- | EdgeUno | 7195 | 758 | Purchases transit from Lumen/AS3356, Cogent/AS174, Arelion/AS1299, NTT America/AS2914. |- | C Spire | 11272 | 523 | Purchases transit from Cogent/AS174, NTT America/AS2914, Zayo/AS6461. |- |}
==See also== * Peering *Network access point
==References== {{Reflist}} {{telecommunications}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tier 2 Network}} Category:Internet architecture