Thripidae

{{Short description|Family of thrips}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Taeniothrips inconsequens adult - AE.png | image_caption = Pear thrips (''Taeniothrips inconsequens'') imago | taxon = Thripidae | authority = Stephens, 1829<ref>{{cite book| title=A systematic catalogue of British insects| author=Stephens, J.F.|place=London|year=1829|page=363| url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9485357}}</ref> | diversity_link = #Subfamilies | diversity = 4 subfamilies }}

The '''Thripidae''' are the most speciose family of thrips, with over 290 genera representing just over two thousand species.<ref>Mound, L. A. 2002. So many thrips – so few tospoviruses?, pp. 15 - 18. In L. A. Mound and R. Marullo [eds.], Thrips and Tospoviruses: Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Thysanoptera. CSIRO Entomology, Reggio Calabria, Italy.</ref> They can be distinguished from other thrips by a saw-like ovipositor curving downwards, narrow wings with two veins, and antennae of six to ten antennomeres with stiletto-like forked sense cones on antennal segments III and IV.<ref>Mound, L. A. 1998. Thysanoptera: an identification guide. CAB International, Oxon, New York.</ref>

They are considered to be among the more derived of thrips, having evolved many traits key to specializing as cryptophilous phytovores, living in the narrow spaces at the bases of leaves and within flowers.<ref>Gentile, A. G., and S. F. Bailey. 1968. A revision of the genus Thrips Linnaeus in the New World, with a catalogue of world species (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.</ref><ref>Lewis, T. 1973. Thrips. Their biology, ecology and economic importance. Academic Press, London, GB.</ref>

Several species are economically significant pests, some of them invasive. Almost all of them are typical thrips which belong in the largest subfamily, the Thripinae.

==Systematics== Many of the divisions within the Thripidae are not based on common ancestry, but are instead based on common environment and morphological homoplasy, and these distinctions tend to be irrelevant to true phylogenetic relationships.<ref>Mound, L. A., and D. C. Morris. 2004. Thysanoptera Phylogeny – the Morphological Background. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 39: 101 - 113.</ref> As a result, many species of the Thripidae have undergone recent drastic taxonomic revision, splitting and promoting two tribes, Dendrothripini and Sericothripini, to subfamily status,<ref>Moritz, G., D. C. Morris, and L. A. Mound. 2001. Thrips ID: an interactive identification and information system (CD), Pest thrips of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.</ref> with the possibility of greater reorganizations to come as modern phylogenetic methods and a more comprehensive morphological analysis provide additional evidence defining evolutionary relationships.<ref>Grimaldi, D., A. Shmakov, and N. Fraser. 2004. Mesozoic Thrips, and early evolution of the Order Thysanoptera (Insecta). Journal of Paleontology 78: 941 - 952.</ref> This revision is probably necessary, as more than half of the genera in family Thripidae are monobasic, with the majority of monotypic species concentrated in subfamily Thripinae.<ref>Mound, L. A. 2005. Thysanoptera: diversity and interactions. Annual Review of Entomology 50: 247 - 269.</ref> However, a 2012 molecular phylogeny found that the Thripinae was paraphyletic; further work will be needed to clarify the relationships within the group.<ref name=Buckman2012>{{cite journal |last1=Buckman |first1=Rebecca S. |last2=Mound |first2=Laurence A. |last3=Whiting |first3=Michael F. |title=Phylogeny of thrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera) based on five molecular loci |journal=Systematic Entomology |date=2012 |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=123–133 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-3113.2012.00650.x |s2cid=84909610 }}</ref>

===Subfamilies=== The Thripidae are thus ordered into four subfamilies: * Dendrothripinae Priesner, 1925 (16 genera) * Panchaetothripinae Bagnall, 1912 (38 genera) * Sericothripinae Karny, 1921 (11 genera) * Thripinae (227 genera)

== References == {{Reflist}}

===Further reading=== * Hoddle, M.S. & Mound, L.A. (2003). The genus ''Scirtothrips'' in Australia (Insecta, Thysanoptera, Thripidae). ''Zootaxa'' 268:1-40. [http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2003f/zt00268.pdf PDF]

==External links== * {{Commons category-inline}} * {{Wikispecies-inline}} * [http://anic.ento.csiro.au/worldthrips/taxon_details.asp?BiotaID=763 Thrips of the World Checklist: Family Thripidae] * [http://www.cfl.scf.rncan.gc.ca/collections-cfl/insects/genclass/thy_thripidae.html Pictures of ''Taeniothrips inconsequens'' from Canada] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061002124209/http://www.cfl.scf.rncan.gc.ca/collections-cfl/insects/genclass/thy_thripidae.html |date=2006-10-02 }} * [http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/IN638 Chilli Thrips (castor thrips, Assam thrips, yellow tea thrips, strawberry thrips), ''Scirtothrips dorsalis'' Hood, Provisional Management Guidelines] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807044147/http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in638 |date=2011-08-07 }}

Thrips on the UF / IFAS Featured Creatures Web site * [http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/veg/thrips/common_blossom_thrips.htm''Frankliniella schultzei'', common blossom thrips] * [http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/thrips/greenhouse_thrips.htm ''Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis'', greenhouse thrips] * [http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/thrips/chilli_thrips.htm ''Scirtothrips dorsalis'', chilli thrips] * [http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/thrips/redbanded_thrips.htm ''Selenothrips rubrocinctus'', redbanded thrips] * [http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/veg/melon_thrips.htm ''Thrips palmi'', melon thrips] * [http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/thrips/gladiolus_thrips.htm ''Thrips simplex'', gladiolus thrips]

Category:Thripidae Category:Insect families Category:Insect vectors of plant pathogens Category:Taxa named by James Francis Stephens