Thompson's Bank Note Reporter

{{Short description|Former American periodical}} {{Use mdy dates|date=March 2025}} {{infobox magazine | image_file = Thompson's Bank Note Reporter (IA thompsonsbanknot0246thom).pdf | image_caption = 1846 issue of ''Thompson's'' | founder = John Thompson | category = bank note reporter | frequency = twice-weekly | firstdate = {{start date|1842}}{{efn|name=debut}} | finaldate = {{circa|1884}} | based = New York City, U.S. | oclc = 19648725 }} '''''Thompson's Bank Note Reporter''''' was a periodical published in New York City by John Thompson beginning in 1842. As a bank note reporter, its main purpose was to convey information about the notes issued by each of the hundreds of different banks operating in North America at the time, including the discounts at which their notes traded, and descriptions of counterfeits currently in circulation. ''Thompson's'' was considered the pre-eminent bank reporter in the country, and, as of 1855, claimed a circulation of 100,000, higher than any of its competitors.<ref name="Dillistin"/>

==Circulation== ''Thompson's'' offered the following subscription options:{{r|Mihm|p=239}} * Twice-weekly for $5 per year{{r|Mihm|p=239}} * Weekly for $3{{r|Mihm|p=239}}<ref name="Smith"/> * Twice-monthly for $2{{r|Mihm|p=239}}<ref name="Smith"/> * Monthly for $1<ref name="Smith"/>

The publication's audience included bankers and merchants ranging from New York City to the western states.{{r|Mihm|pp=239-240}} One Wisconsin banker recalled that "the merchant in his store or the peddler on the prairies would as soon think of doing their business without scales, measure, or yardstick as without a ''Thompson's'', or some other bank note reporter of recent date".<ref name="Dillistin"/>

==Format== The front page of the reporter typically contained a small number of editorials and breaking financial news.{{r|Mihm|p=240}} The remainder of the publication mostly consisted of an exhaustive listing of banks, organized by state. For each bank, the reporter would generally include: * The discount at which its notes traded, as a percentage. For example, the figure "{{frac|2}}" would mean that a $1 note from that bank was trading for 99.5 cents worth of gold.{{r|Gorton|p=77}}{{Better source needed|date=December 2021|reason=Extrapolating from a source which is talking about a different reporter - Van Court's.}} * Descriptions of any counterfeits of the bank's bills currently in circulation * The name of the bank's president and cashier<ref name="Dillistin"/> Furthermore, some banks would be marked as closed or fraudulent, indicating to the reader that their bills were worthless. Others were annotated as being likely to fail.

thumb|An example of facsimiles included to help identify particular counterfeit plates. The caption explains that, in this case, the white oval is of constant thickness in the counterfeit, but is thicker toward the bottom in the genuine bill. The reporter sometimes included facsimiles of counterfeit plates which were considered especially dangerous.<ref name="Smith"/>

==Publication history== ''Thompson's'' was published from Wall Street in New York City. Its founder, John Thompson, had been working as a bill broker there since 1832, previously having worked dealing lottery tickets.<ref name="Dillistin"/>

The first issue of the reporter was published in 1842.{{efn|name=debut|Dillistin, the most comprehensive source on the history of ''Thompson's Bank Reporter'' and bank reporters, broadly, gives 1842 as the year of the paper's first issue, supported by the contemporary prospectus quoted from the ''New-York American''.<ref name="Dillistin"/> Furthermore, the earliest digitized copy of the reporter, dated September 24, 1842, is labelled "No. 52", which is consistent with bi-weekly publication having begun that year. However, a number of sources related to the newspaper ''American Banker'', which claims descent from ''Thompson's'', give 1836 as the year of the reporter's first issue.<ref name="chasing"/> At least one source gives the year as 1841.<ref name="nc-banking"/>}} A notice in the ''New-York American'' on December 31, 1841 announced it as "a new Weekly Paper, under the title of ''Thompson's Bank Reporter'', in pamphlet form, containing sixteen pages" to be issued beginning January 4, 1842. At the time of its debut, there were two other noteworthy existing bank note reporters being published in the city, one of them by Archibald McIntyre.<ref name="Dillistin"/>

Initially announced as a weekly paper to be issued on Saturdays, by March 1842, it was being published twice-weekly, on Wednesdays and Saturdays.<ref name="Dillistin"/>

At some point before 1849, the reporter was renamed ''The Bank Note & Commercial Reporter''. By 1858, it was circulating under the title ''Thompson's Bank Note and Commercial Reporter''.<ref name="Dillistin"/>

By 1866, as the free banking era came to a close, the traditional function of bank reporters became obsolete, and ''Thompson's'' character shifted toward that of a "bank directory".<ref name="Dillistin"/>

In 1876, a bank note reporter published from 1864 by L. Mendelson as the ''National Bank Note Reporter'' (and later as ''The National Bank Note Reporter and Financial Gazette'') was merged with ''Thompson's''.<ref name="Dillistin"/>

===Final years=== [[File:World-building-fire-1882.jpg|thumb|''Thompson's Bank Reporter'' had its offices in the old ''New York World'' building on Park Row when the building burned down in 1882.]] Thompson's reporter seems to have ceased publication around 1884 or 1885, though accounts of this time are conflicting.

In July 1884, the ''New York Times'' published an exposé uncovering a large-scale blackmail scheme in which the publishers of ''Thompson's Reporter'' had, for years, been sending letters to banks around the country requesting payment for subscriptions or advertisements in the reporter, threatening to give them a negative rating if they did not comply. According to the ''Times'', while ''Thompson's Reporter'' had, under John Thompson, been "the pioneer in [its] class of journalism" and "a standard guide to the business", Thompson had sold off the paper some 20 years earlier, and it had subsequently changed hands multiple times. The paper's current owner was unknown, but reputed to be one "L. P. Haver" (in later articles, named variously as either "Lewis" or "Louis" P. Haver). A ''Times'' reporter found Haver at the offices of the ''Reporter'', where he vehemently denied the charges of blackmail, and accused the complaining banks of attempting to evade paying their bills.<ref name="leeches"/> The ''Times'' published a number of follow-ups in 1884, detailing further allegations of malfeasance, and on August 17, 1884, reported that Haver and another manager of ''Thompson's Reporter'', J.E. Callinan, had been indicted on blackmail charges.<ref name="rascals"/> Ultimately, Haver was convicted of a misdemeanour and, in October 1885, a judge imposed a fine of $500; he was spared a prison sentence in light of his agreement that he would retire from publishing the paper.<ref name="fine"/>

According to a profile of Charles David Steurer in the 1896 biographical compilation ''Men of the Century, an Historical Work'', the facility at which ''Thompson's'' was printed was destroyed in a fire in 1884. (The 1884 ''New York Times'' blackmail exposé states that the paper had previously been located at the original headquarters of the ''New York World'' at 37 Park Row—now the site of the Potter Building—until it burned down in 1882, causing $1,500 of damages for ''Thompson's''.) It goes on to state that Steurer, who had been managing the printing of ''Thompson's'' at the time, formed the publishing house ''Stumpf & Steurer'' with friend Anthony Stumpf in 1855, and began publishing a new bank directory similar to ''Thompson's'' under the title ''The American Bank Reporter''. At the same time, they also established a weekly financial newspaper, ''The American Banker''.<ref name="Morris"/>

As of 1887, an advertisement by "Anthony Stumpf & Co., Publishers" described ''The American Bank Reporter'' as being "Formerly Thompsons & Underwoods Bank Reporters, (Consolidated.)", with ''The American Banker'' described as "a 24 page weekly financial journal published in connection with" the ''Reporter''.<ref>{{cite news|work=Hastings Daily Gazette-Journal|page=2|date=18 March 1887|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/90169386/stumpf-co-advertisement/|title=Stumpf & Co advertisement}}</ref>

''American Banker'', which continued in print into the 21st century, has been regarded as a successor to ''Thompson's Bank Reporter''.{{r|chasing|loc}}

==Related publications== thumb|page=3|Page from an 1851 edition of Thompson's ''Coin Chart Manual'', published as a supplement to his bank note reporter. Thompson also published a bank note list, ''Thompson's Bank Note Descriptive List'', which was offered for free to annual subscribers. The list was updated at irregular intervals, and by 1865 26 revised editions had been published.<ref name="Smith"/>

A collection of facsimiles of hundreds of gold and silver coins in circulation, ''The Coin Chart Manual'', was published as a supplement to Thompson's reporter as early as 1848, and continuing until at least 1877. It was also offered for free to annual subscribers to the reporter, with standalone copies sold for 12.5 cents.<ref name="Dillistin"/>

==Notes== {{notelist}}

==References== {{commons category}} <references>

<ref name="Dillistin">{{cite book|title=Bank note reporters and counterfeit detectors|last=Dillistin|first=William H.|year=1949|publisher=American Numismatic Society|url=http://numismatics.org/digitallibrary/ark:/53695/nnan78163}}</ref> <ref name="Gorton">{{cite book|title=The Maze of Banking: History, Theory, Crisis|last=Gorton|first=Gary B.|url=https://doccdn.simplesite.com/d/3a/78/284289731718314042/f3e03073-08eb-448b-87da-77d1dbe0cc6d/Gorton%2B-%2BThe%2BMaze%2Bof%2BBanking%2BHistory%2BTheory%2BCrisis%2B(2015).pdf|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2015|isbn=9780190204839}}</ref> <ref name="Mihm">{{cite book|last=Mihm|first=Stephen|year=2009|publisher=Harvard University Press|title=A Nation of Counterfeiters: Capitalists, Con Men, and the Making of the United States|isbn=9780674032446}}</ref> <ref name="Morris">{{cite book|title=Men of the Century, an Historical Work: Giving Portraits and Sketches of Eminent Citizens of the United States|first=Charles|last=Morris|year=1896|publisher=I. R. Hamersly & Company|page=70|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VtY-AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA70}}</ref> <ref name="Smith">{{cite journal|last=Smith|first=Arthur A.|title=Bank Note Detecting in the Era of State Banks|journal=The Mississippi Valley Historical Review|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1897916|volume=29|number=3|date=December 1942|pages=371–386|doi=10.2307/1897916|jstor=1897916|url-access=subscription}}</ref>  <ref name="nc-banking">{{cite web|url=https://scholarship.law.unc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1180&context=ncbi|publisher=NC Banking Inst.|year=2005|last=Broome|first=Lissa Lamkin|title=The First One Hundred Years of Banking in North Carolina|page=108}}</ref> <ref name="chasing">{{cite web|url=https://bankingjournal.aba.com/2021/01/chasing-down-history/|last=Gordon|first=John Steele|date=15 January 2021|title=Chasing Down History|work=ABA Banking Journal}}</ref> <ref name="loc">{{cite web|url=https://blogs.loc.gov/inside_adams/2017/03/for-the-latest-on-counterfeit-money/|last=Terrell|first=Ellen|date=14 March 2017|work=Library of Congress Blog|title=For the Latest on Counterfeit Money}}</ref>  <ref name="leeches">{{cite news|work=New York Times|date=31 July 1884|title=Country Bank Leeches|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1884/07/31/archives/country-bank-leeches-a-novel-way-of-keeping-up-a-subscription-list.html}}</ref> <ref name="rascals">{{cite news|work=New York Times|date=17 August 1884|title=Rascals Brought to Book|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1884/08/17/archives/rascals-brought-to-book.html}}</ref> <ref name="fine">{{cite news|work=New York Times|date=30 October 1885|title=Haver Pays a Fine of $500|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1885/10/30/archives/haver-pays-a-fine-of-500-justice-tempered-with-mercy-because-he.html}}</ref>

</references>

Category:Banknotes of the United States Category:Defunct business magazines published in the United States