{{Short description|American lawyer and politician (1813–1903)}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Thomas Neville Waul | image = Thomas Neville Waul.jpg | office = Deputy from [[Texas]]<br />to the [[Provisional Congress of the Confederate States|Provisional Congress<br />of the Confederate States]] | term_start = February 4, 1861 | term_end = February 17, 1862 | predecessor = New constituency | successor = Constituency abolished | birth_date = {{Birth date|1813|01|05}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1903|07|28|1813|01|05}} | birth_place = {{Nowrap|[[Sumter County, South Carolina|Sumter District, South Carolina]], US}} | death_place = [[Hunt County, Texas]], US | resting_place = [[Oakwood Cemetery (Fort Worth, Texas)]] | allegiance = Confederate States of America | branch = [[Confederate States Army]] | service_years = 1861–1865 | rank = [[File:Confederate States of America General-collar.svg|35px]] [[Brigadier general|Brigadier-General]] | commands = [[Waul's Legion]]<br />1st Brigade, [[Walker's Texas Division|Texas Division]] | battles = [[American Civil War]] *[[Siege of Vicksburg]] *[[Battle of Mansfield]] *[[Battle of Pleasant Hill]] *[[Battle of Jenkins Ferry]] }} '''Thomas Neville Waul''' (January 5, 1813 – July 28, 1903) was a [[Brigadier General (CSA)|brigadier general]] in the [[Confederate States Army]] during the [[American Civil War]] (Civil War). Before the Civil War, he was a teacher, lawyer, judge and planter. He served for a year in the [[Provisional Confederate Congress]] from Texas. He was captured at the fall of [[Vicksburg, Mississippi]], on July 4, 1863, and exchanged in October 1863. After his promotion, Waul served in the Confederate [[Trans-Mississippi Department]]. He was wounded at the [[Battle of Jenkins' Ferry]]. After the Civil War, Waul worked as a farmer and lawyer in Texas until his death at age 90.
==Early life== Thomas N. Waul was born January 5, 1813, in the Sumter District, now [[Sumter County, South Carolina]], near [[Stateburg, South Carolina|Stateburg]].<ref name="Eicher557">Eicher, John H., and [[David J. Eicher]]. ''Civil War High Commands''. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001. {{ISBN|0-8047-3641-3}}. p. 557.</ref><ref name="Warner328">[[Ezra J. Warner (historian)|Warner, Ezra J.]] ''Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders.'' Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959. {{ISBN|0-8071-0823-5}}. pp. 328–329.</ref> He attended South Carolina College, now the [[University of South Carolina]], until his junior year, then moved to [[Florence, Alabama]], where he was a teacher.<ref name="Eicher557"/><ref name="Warner328"/><ref name="Faust809">Faust, Patricia L. "Waul, Thomas Neville" in ''Historical Times Illustrated History of the Civil War'', edited by Patricia L. Faust. New York: Harper & Row, 1986. {{ISBN|978-0-06-273116-6}}. p. 809.</ref> He moved to [[Vicksburg, Mississippi]], in 1830 where he became a lawyer in 1835 and a judge.<ref name="Eicher557"/><ref name="Warner328"/><ref name="Boatner896">{{Civil War Dictionary|pages=896–897}}</ref> In 1850, he moved to [[Gonzales County, Texas]], and became a [[Planter (American South)|planter]].<ref name="Eicher557"/><ref name="Warner328"/> Waul made an unsuccessful run for a seat in the [[United States Congress]] in 1854.<ref name="Warner328"/><ref name="Faust809"/><ref>Warner, 1959, pp. 328–329 gives the date as 1859 but this apparently is a typographical error.</ref> He served as a delegate to the Texas secession convention.<ref name="Faust809"/>
==American Civil War== Thomas N. Waul was a member of the [[Provisional Confederate Congress]] from Texas between February 19, 1861, and February 17, 1862, when a permanent Confederate government was established.<ref name="Eicher557"/><ref name="Warner328"/><ref name="Faust809"/><ref name="Sifakis698">Sifakis, Stewart. ''Who Was Who in the Civil War.'' New York: Facts On File, 1988. {{ISBN|0-8160-1055-2}}. p. 698.</ref> He served on the Committee on Commercial Affairs and Committee on Indian Affairs.<ref name="Sifakis698"/> He opposed the African slave trade as a diplomatic effort and restrictions on the cotton trade.<ref name="Faust809"/> He supported establishment of the central government, free trade, and local defense.<ref name="Faust809"/> Waul lost his run for a seat in the [[First Confederate Congress]] of the regular [[Congress of the Confederate States]].<ref name="Faust809"/>
On May 17, 1862, Waul entered [[Confederate States Army]] service as [[Colonel (United States)|colonel]] of [[Waul's Legion]], which he recruited.<ref name="Eicher557"/><ref name="Warner328"/><ref name="Boatner896"/><ref name="Sifakis698"/>
Waul was captured when [[Siege of Vicksburg|Vicksburg fell]], on July 4, 1863.<ref name="Eicher557"/><ref name="Warner328"/><ref name="Boatner896"/> Waul was promoted to [[Brigadier General (CSA)|brigadier general]] on September 18, 1863, although he was not exchanged until October 16, 1863.<ref name="Eicher557"/><ref>Warner, 1959, p. 329 gives the same date of promotion but says it was after Waul's exchange.</ref> His performance and leadership were commended by then [[Major General (CSA)|Major General]] [[Stephen D. Lee]].<ref name="Faust809"/> Waul then commanded a brigade in [[John George Walker|John G. Walker's]] [[Walker's Greyhounds|Texas Division]] in the [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] [[Trans-Mississippi Department]].<ref name="Eicher557"/><ref name="Sifakis698"/> Waul's brigade fought in the [[Red River Campaign]] at the [[Battle of Mansfield]] and the [[Battle of Pleasant Hill]], in [[Louisiana]].<ref name="Warner328"/><ref name="Boatner896"/><ref name="Sifakis698"/>
On April 30, 1864, after being transferred to [[Arkansas]] to oppose Union [[Major general (United States)|Major General]] [[Frederick Steele|Frederick Steele's]] [[Camden Expedition]], Brigadier General Waul was wounded in the left arm at the [[Battle of Jenkins' Ferry]].<ref name="Eicher557"/><ref name="Warner328"/><ref name="Boatner896"/><ref name="Sifakis698"/> He returned to service in September 1864 and until December 1864 commanded Brigade I, Division I, I Corps of the Trans-Mississippi Department.<ref name="Eicher557"/> From January 1865 to May 26, 1865, he commanded Brigade I, Division I, of the District of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona in the Trans-Mississippi Department.<ref name="Eicher557"/> There is no record of his parole.<ref name="Eicher557"/>
==Later life== After the Civil War, Waul returned to Texas where he was elected to the first Texas [[Reconstruction Era|Reconstruction]] convention.<ref name="Warner328"/> After practicing law at [[Galveston, Texas|Galveston]], Waul retired to [[Hunt County, Texas]], near [[Greenville, Texas|Greenville]], where he was a farmer on his property named Cherry Hill Plantation. A marker still stands to this day on the property, honoring General Waul's life.<ref name="Eicher557"/><ref name="Warner328"/><ref name="Faust809"/> Thomas Neville Waul died in [[Hunt County, Texas]], on July 28, 1903.<ref name="Eicher557"/><ref name="Warner328"/><ref>Faust, 1986, p. 809 gives the date as July 28, 1908 but again, this is an apparent typographical error.</ref> He is buried in [[Oakwood Cemetery (Fort Worth, Texas)|Oakwood Cemetery]] at [[Fort Worth, Texas]].<ref name="Eicher557"/> Waul had no blood relatives at the time of his death.<ref name="Faust809"/>
<gallery> File:Brig. Gen. Thomas Neville Waul.jpg|Waul in the Civil War File:21-32-150-waul.jpg|Bust of Waul by [[Theo Alice Ruggles Kitson|T.A.R. Kitson]] at [[Vicksburg National Military Park]] </gallery>
==See also== *[[List of American Civil War generals (Confederate)]]
==Notes== {{Reflist|30em}}
==References== {{Div col|colwidth=30em}} * {{Civil War Dictionary}} * Eicher, John H., and [[David J. Eicher]], ''Civil War High Commands.'' Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. {{ISBN|978-0-8047-3641-1}}. * Faust, Patricia L. "Waul, Thomas Neville" in ''Historical Times Illustrated History of the Civil War'', edited by Patricia L. Faust. New York: Harper & Row, 1986. {{ISBN|978-0-06-273116-6}}. * Sifakis, Stewart. ''Who Was Who in the Civil War.'' New York: Facts On File, 1988. {{ISBN|978-0-8160-1055-4}}. * [[Ezra J. Warner (historian)|Warner, Ezra J.]] ''Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders.'' Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959. {{ISBN|978-0-8071-0823-9}}. {{Div col end}}
==External links== *{{commons category-inline}}
{{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{succession box|title=Deputy from [[Texas]] to the<br />[[Provisional Congress of the Confederate States]]|years=1861–1862|before=New constituency|after=Constituency abolished}} {{s-end}} {{Navboxes |title=Articles related to Thomas Neville Waul |list1= {{CSProvisionalConstitutionSig}} {{Confederate States Constitution signatories}} }} {{Portal bar|American Civil War|Biography|Politics|Texas}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Waul, Thomas Neville}} [[Category:1813 births]] [[Category:1903 deaths]] [[Category:Confederate States Army brigadier generals]] [[Category:Deputies and delegates to the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States]] [[Category:People from Stateburg, South Carolina]] [[Category:People of Texas in the American Civil War]] [[Category:Signatories of the Constitution of the Confederate States]] [[Category:Signatories of the Provisional Constitution of the Confederate States]]