{{Short description|English musician (1733–1795)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}} [[File:Gainsborough, Thomas - Thomas Linley the elder - Google Art Project (cropped).jpg|thumb|''[[Portrait of Thomas Linley the Elder]]'' by [[Thomas Gainsborough]], {{circa|1770}}. Linley is holding his "Elegies for Three Voices".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dulwichpicturegallery.org.uk/explore-the-collection/101-150/thomas-linley-the-elder/ |work=[[Dulwich Picture Gallery]] |title=Thomas Linley the elder}}</ref>]] [[File:Gainsborough, Thomas - Elizabeth and Mary Linley - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|''[[The Linley Sisters]]'' by Thomas Gainsborough, 1772, Dulwich Picture Gallery]] '''Thomas Linley''' (17 January 1733 – 19 November 1795) was an English [[Bass (voice type)|bass]] and musician active in [[Bath, Somerset]]. Born in [[Badminton, Gloucestershire]], Linley began his musical career after he moved to Bath at age 11 and became apprentice to the organist [[Thomas Chilcot]]. After his marriage to Mary Johnson in 1752, Linley at first supported his wife and growing family predominantly as a music teacher. As his children grew and he developed their musical talent, he drew an increasing amount of income from their concerts while also managing the [[assembly rooms]] in Bath. When the new [[Bath Assembly Rooms]] opened in 1771, Linley became musical director and continued to promote his children's careers. He was eventually able to move to London with the thousands of pounds which he had amassed from their concerts.
Among Linley's students were his eight children ([[Elizabeth Ann Linley|Elizabeth Ann]], [[Thomas Linley the younger|Thomas]], [[Mary Linley|Mary]], [[Samuel Linley|Samuel]], [[Maria Linley|Maria]], [[Ozias Thurston Linley|Ozias]], [[William Linley|William]], and Jane), as well as tenor [[Charles Dignum]], singer and actress [[Anna Maria Crouch]], and novelist [[Frances Sheridan]]. Linley collaborated with his son Thomas in penning the comic opera ''[[The Duenna]]'', with [[libretto]] by his son-in-law [[Richard Brinsley Sheridan]].
==Early life== Linley's parents were William (1704–1792), a carpenter,{{efn|William, Linley's father, is listed as a carpenter before the family moved to Bath but is later recorded as a prosperous builder{{sfnp|Black|1911|p=5|ps=none}}}} and Maria (1701–1792). He was the couple's eldest child and was born on 17 January 1733 in the village of [[Badminton, Gloucestershire|Badminton]] in [[Gloucestershire]].{{r|Aspden}} When Linley was 11 years old, in 1744, the family moved to [[Bath, Somerset]] where he served an apprenticeship with [[Thomas Chilcot]],{{r|Aspden}} the organist at [[Bath Abbey]].{{r|Lynan}} Before becoming Chilcot's apprentice, Linley had initially assisted by pumping the organ.{{sfnp|Chedzoy|1998|p=9|ps=none}} He may also have received tuition from [[Pietro Domenico Paradisi|Domenico Paradisi]]{{r|Aspden}} who was giving [[harpsichord]] lessons in London from around 1747.{{r|Move}} [[William Boyce (composer)|William Boyce]] also tutored him in London.{{r|Grove}}
He married Mary Johnson (1729–1820) on 11 May 1752{{r|Aspden}} in [[Batheaston]];{{sfnp|Black|1911|p=7|ps=none}} Johnson was described by [[Ozias Humphry]], who lodged with the couple for two years from 1762 until 1764,{{sfnp|Chedzoy|1998|p=9|ps=none}} as having musical talents almost on a par with her husband.{{r|Aspden}} According to [[Michael Kelly (tenor)|Michael Kelly]], when young, Mrs Linley was "reckoned beautiful".{{sfnp|Kelly|1826|p=115|ps=none}} The couple had 12 children over an 18-year period from 1753 until 1771,{{sfnp|Black|1911|pp=10–11|ps=none}} but only eight lived beyond infancy or childhood.{{sfnp|Chedzoy|1998|p=8|ps=none}} Seven went on to musical or theatrical careers: [[Elizabeth Ann Linley]] (1754–1792), his eldest daughter, wife of [[Richard Brinsley Sheridan]]; his eldest son [[Thomas Linley the younger]] (1756–1778), composer and noted violinist; [[Mary Linley]] (1758–87), who gave up her career as a singer after she married playwright [[Richard Tickell]] in 1780; [[Samuel Linley]] (1760–1778), second son, singer and oboe player; [[Maria Linley]] (1763–84), singer; [[Ozias Thurston Linley]] (1765–1831), minor canon at Norwich and organist at Dulwich; and [[William Linley]], (1771–1835), composer of [[glee (music)|glee]]s, songs and writer. Another child, Jane Nash (1768–1806), sang in an amateur capacity until her marriage.{{r|Grove}} Music historian [[Charles Burney]] visited when the children were young and listened to them singing and playing instruments; he described the family as "a Nest of Nightingales".{{sfnp|Chedzoy|1998|p=xi|ps=none}}
The family were well established in Bath and Linley worked as a music teacher; when Elizabeth was born in 1754 they were living in a house on Abbey Green.{{sfnp|Chedzoy|1998|p=8|ps=none}} In the mid-1760s they rented a house with eleven rooms on Orchard Street to accommodate the ever-increasing number of children.{{sfnp|Chedzoy|1998|p=8|ps=none}} Linley is likely to have received some financial assistance from his father whose business was flourishing but the family still encountered monetary difficulties.{{sfnp|Chedzoy|1998|p=9|ps=none}} Linley's wife was frugal{{r|Dulwich}} but "her parsimony grew legendary"{{r|Aspden}} when she was employed as a [[Wardrobe supervisor|wardrobe mistress]] at the [[Theatre Royal, Drury Lane]], after the family fortunes had prospered.{{r|Aspden}}
{{chart top|Linley-Sheridan family|collapsed=yes |align=center}} {{Color sample|border=#CC0000|white; border-width:2px}} The red border denotes singers and musicians. {{Color sample|border=#40E0D0|white; border-width:2px}} The turquoise border denotes writers, poets and playwrights. {{Color sample|border=#FF8000|white; border-width:2px}} The orange border denotes actors. {{tree chart/start}} {{tree chart|border=1| | | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}} {{tree chart|border=1| | | | | |JAS | |WIS | |PAS | |THS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |JAS=James Sheridan|boxstyle_JAS=border-width:0px; border-color:#000000;|WIS=[[William Sheridan (bishop of Kilmore and Ardagh)|William Sheridan]]|boxstyle_WIS=border-width:0px; border-color:#000000;|PAS=[[Patrick Sheridan (Bishop of Cloyne)|Patrick Sheridan]]|boxstyle_PAS=border-width:0px; border-color:#000000;|THS=[[Thomas Sheridan (politician)|Thomas Sheridan]]|boxstyle_THS=border-width:0px; border-color:#000000;}} {{tree chart|border=1| | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}} {{tree chart|border=1| | | | | |THS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |THS=[[Thomas Sheridan (divine)|Thomas Sheridan]]|boxstyle_THS=border-width:2px; border-color:#40E0D0;}} {{tree chart|border=1| | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}} {{tree chart|border=1| | | | | |THS |y|FRC | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |THL | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |THS=[[Thomas Sheridan (actor)|Thomas Sheridan]]|boxstyle_THS=border-width:2px; border-color:#FF8000;|FRC=[[Frances Sheridan|Frances Chamberlaine]]|boxstyle_FRC=border-width:2px; border-color:#40E0D0;|THL=Thomas Linley|boxstyle_THL=border-width:2px; border-color:#CC0000;}} {{tree chart|border=1| | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}} {{tree chart|border=1| | | |ALS | |BES | |RBS |y|EAL | |TLY | |RIT |~|MYL | |SAL | |MAL | |OTL | |JAL | |WIL |ALS=[[Alicia Sheridan Le Fanu|Alicia Sheridan]]|boxstyle_ALS=border-width:2px; border-color:#40E0D0;|BES=[[Betsy Sheridan]]|boxstyle_BES=border-width:2px; border-color:#40E0D0;|RBS=[[Richard Brinsley Sheridan]]|boxstyle_RBS=border-width:2px; border-color:#40E0D0;|EAL=[[Elizabeth Ann Linley]]|boxstyle_EAL=border-width:2px; border-color:#CC0000;|TLY=[[Thomas Linley the younger|Thomas Linley]]|boxstyle_TLY=border-width:2px; border-color:#CC0000;|MYL=[[Mary Linley]]|boxstyle_MYL=border-width:2px; border-color:#CC0000;|RIT=[[Richard Tickell]]|boxstyle_RIT=border-width:2px; border-color:#40E0D0;|SAL=[[Samuel Linley]]|boxstyle_SAL=border-width:2px; border-color:#CC0000;|MAL=[[Maria Linley]]|boxstyle_MAL=border-width:2px; border-color:#CC0000;|OTL=[[Ozias Thurston Linley]]|boxstyle_OTL=border-width:2px; border-color:#CC0000;|JAL=Jane Linley|boxstyle_JAL=border-width:2px; border-color:#CC0000;|WIL=[[William Linley]]|boxstyle_WIL=border-width:2px; border-color:#CC0000;|JAC=[[James Campbell (British Army officer, died 1831)|James Campbell]]|boxstyle_JAC=border-width:0px; border-color:#0047AB;}} {{tree chart|border=1| | | | |!| | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}} {{tree chart|border=1| | | |TLF | |ALF | | | |THS |y|CHC | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |ALF=[[Alicia Le Fanu]]|boxstyle_ALF=border-width:2px; border-color:#40E0D0;|THS=[[Thomas Sheridan (soldier)|Thomas Sheridan]]|boxstyle_THS=border-width:2px; border-color:#40E0D0;|CHC=[[Caroline Henrietta Sheridan|Caroline Henrietta Callander]]|boxstyle_CHC=border-width:2px; border-color:#40E0D0;|TLF=[[Thomas Le Fanu (priest)|Thomas Le Fanu]]|boxstyle_TLF=border-width:0px; border-color:#0047AB;}} {{tree chart|border=1| | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}} {{tree chart|border=1| |SLF | |WLF | |RBS | |PRB |y|HES |~|GEH | |GCN |y|CAS |~|WSM | |GES |y|EDS | | | | | | | | | |RBS=[[Richard Brinsley Sheridan (politician)|Richard Brinsley Sheridan]]|boxstyle_RBS=border-width:0px; border-color:#0047AB;|PRB=[[Price Blackwood, 4th Baron Dufferin and Claneboye|4th Baron Dufferin and Claneboye]]|boxstyle_PRB=border-width:0px; border-color:#0047AB;|HES=[[Helen Blackwood, Baroness Dufferin and Claneboye|Helen Sheridan]]|boxstyle_HES=border-width:2px; border-color:#40E0D0;|GEH=[[George Hay, Earl of Gifford|Earl of Gifford]]|boxstyle_GEH=border-width:0px; border-color:#0047AB;|GCN=[[George Chapple Norton]]|boxstyle_GCN=border-width:0px; border-color:#0047AB;|CAS=[[Caroline Norton|Caroline Sheridan]]|boxstyle_CAS=border-width:2px; border-color:#40E0D0;|WSM=[[Sir William Stirling-Maxwell, 9th Baronet|9th Baronet Stirling-Maxwell]]|boxstyle_WSM=border-width:0px; border-color:#0047AB;|GES=[[Georgiana Seymour, Duchess of Somerset|Georgiana Sheridan]]|boxstyle_GES=border-width:0px; border-color:#000000;|EDS=[[Edward Seymour, 12th Duke of Somerset|12th Duke of Somerset]]|boxstyle_EDS=border-width:0px; border-color:#0047AB;|SLF=[[Sheridan Le Fanu]]|boxstyle_SLF=border-width:2px; border-color:#40E0D0;|WLF=[[William Richard Le Fanu]]|boxstyle_WLF=border-width:0px; border-color:#0047AB;}} {{tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |}} {{tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |MDA | | | | | | | | | |BAG | | | | | | | | | |DMO | | | | | |MDA=''[[Baron Dufferin and Claneboye|Marquesses of Dufferin (1888–1988)]]''|boxstyle_MDA=border-width:0px; border-color:#000000;|BAG=''[[Baron Grantley|Barons Grantley (1875-)]]''|boxstyle_BAG=border-width:0px; border-color:#000000;|DMO=''[[Duke of Montrose|Dukes of Montrose]], among others''|boxstyle_DMO=border-width:0px; border-color:#000000;}} {{tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}} {{tree chart/end}} {{chart bottom}}
==Career== [[File:Thomas Gainsborough - Elizabeth and Thomas Linley.jpg|thumbnail|Thomas Gainsborough: Elizabeth and Thomas Linley]] [[File:Gainsborough, Thomas - Samuel Linley - Google Art Project.jpg|thumbnail|Thomas Gainsborough: Samuel Linley]] The early years of marriage saw Linley as the sole income producer for the family;{{sfnp|Black|1911|pp=20–21|ps=none}} some of the older children, particularly Elizabeth and Mary, were sent to stay with relatives,{{sfnp|Chedzoy|1998|p=9|ps=none}} or perhaps boarding school.{{sfnp|Black|1911|p=21|ps=none}} Linley was a [[tenor]], an organist and harpsichordist{{sfnp|Chedzoy|1998|p=9|ps=none}} but at that time was generating his income mainly by teaching and his tuition skills were increasingly sought out;{{sfnp|Chedzoy|1998|p=9|ps=none}} [[Frances Sheridan]] was one of his pupils in 1763,{{sfnp|Chedzoy|1998|p=9|ps=none}} although she became better known as a [[playwright]] and [[novelist]].{{r|Campbell Ross}} Another of his pupils was [[Anna Maria Crouch]] who later stated she was apprehensive of him.{{sfnp|Black|1911|p=10|ps=none}} [[Charles Dignum]] was also trained by Linley.{{sfnp|Sands|1942|p=71|ps=none}}
Pupils were contracted to give a proportion of their earnings back to their tutors.{{sfnp|Sands|1942|p=71|ps=none}} He coached his children, providing their musical education from an early age.{{sfnp|Chedzoy|1998|p=10|ps=none}} The children were put to work at a young age, firstly selling concert tickets then performing; Elizabeth began singing in concerts by the time she was nine years old in 1763.{{r|Elizabeth ODNB}} Anything earned by the children was commandeered by Linley{{sfnp|Black|1911|p=21|ps=none}} and the talented youngsters quickly became a major source of his income.{{sfnp|Chedzoy|1998|p=10|ps=none}} Linley took over the management of the musical performances held at the [[Assembly rooms]] in Bath in 1766; he had participated as the harpsichordist from 1755 when the performances were managed by Chilcot.{{r|Aspden}} The two eldest children, Elizabeth and Thomas, were utilised to sell the tickets for these concerts from 1762.{{sfnp|Chedzoy|1998|p=7|ps=none}}
The new [[Bath Assembly Rooms]] opened in 1771{{sfnp|Cole|1933|p=214|ps=none}} with Linley as Musical Director.{{r|Aspden}} Linley's regular concerts starring his children were performed in front of full houses and his finances began to prosper.{{sfnp|Chedzoy|1998|p=16|ps=none}} The family moved to Royal Crescent, a more fashionable address, raising their social standing.{{sfnp|Chedzoy|1998|p=17|ps=none}} The children started to feature in concerts further afield including [[oratorio]]s in London;{{r|Cowgill}} Linley demanded high fees for them and organisers of a charity concert held to raise funds for the [[Foundling Hospital]] had to pay £100{{efn|{{Inflation|UK|100|1773|fmt=eq|cursign=£}}.{{Inflation-fn|UK}}}} for two of his daughters to sing.{{r|Chronicle}}{{efn|Linley's 2004 [[ODNB]] entry quotes £80{{r|Aspden}} but the actual newspaper report states £100.{{r|Chronicle}}}} At the time of Elizabeth's marriage to [[Richard Brinsley Sheridan]] on 13 April 1773{{r|Elizabeth ODNB}} estimates appeared in the ''[[Bath Chronicle]]'' speculating Linley had earned almost £10,000{{efn|{{Inflation|UK|10000|1773|fmt=eq|cursign=£}}.{{Inflation-fn|UK}}}} from her performances.{{r|Aspden}}
An agreement was made with [[John Christopher Smith]] and [[John Stanley (composer)|John Stanley]] for the older children to perform at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, in 1773 that saw takings of over £500{{efn|{{Inflation|UK|500|1773|fmt=eq|cursign=£}}.{{Inflation-fn|UK}}}} per night for the oratorios performed during the [[Lenten]] season.{{r|Aspden}} The following year, in 1774, Linley joined Stanley in the management role of directing, writing and organising musical compositions at the theatre.{{r|Grove}}{{sfnp|Chisholm|1911|p=730|ps=none}} Two years later, in June 1776, a partnership of his son-in-law, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Doctor James Ford who was a court physician{{sfnp|Burwick|2012|p=693|ps=none}}{{efn|Dr Ford was [[George III]]'s physician and [[Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz|Queen Charlotte's]] obstetrician.{{r|Church}}}} and Linley purchased a half share of the theatre for a total of £35,000.{{efn|{{Inflation|UK|35000|1776|fmt=eq|cursign=£}}.{{Inflation-fn|UK}}}} Linley re-located his residence to Norfolk Street, London and mortgaged his properties in Bath to raise his £10,000 stake towards the purchase.{{r|Aspden}} The trio bought the remaining share after another two years paying [[David Garrick]]{{r|Aspden}} a similar amount giving them complete ownership.{{sfnp|Chisholm|1911a|p=846|ps=none}} The [[Royal Society of Musicians]] elected him as a member in 1780.{{r|Aspden}}
According to [[musicology|musicologist]], writer and singer, Mollie Sands,{{sfnp|A. L.|1947|p=271|ps=none}} Linley was one of the "most famous of English-born [music] teachers".{{sfnp|Sands|1943–1944|p=20|ps=none}} As a composer, Linley wrote and arranged some songs and ensembles for ''[[The Duenna]]'' in 1775; written at the request of Sheridan and in collaboration with Linley junior, the opera was an exceptional success, being performed seventy-five times at Drury Lane – [[Lord Byron]] endorsed it as "the best opera ever written".{{r|Guardian}} An earlier composition, [[Thomas Hull (actor)|Thomas Hull]]'s ''The Royal Merchant'', performed at [[Royal Opera House|Covent Garden]] in 1767, was noted as a failure{{r|Aspden}} as well as a success.{{r|Grove}} An unnamed critic wrote in ''The London Stage'' that "The music may be good, but the piece is trifling and childish".{{r|Aspden}} In 1786 he collaborated with [[John Burgoyne]] on the successful ''[[Richard Coeur de Lion (play)|Richard Coeur de lion]]''.{{r|Burgoyne}}
==Death and legacy==
Linley died suddenly on 19 November 1795 at his home, 11 Southampton Street in [[Westminster]].{{r|Aspden}}{{r|Hereford}} He was survived by his wife, but most of his children had predeceased him at a young age.
==References== === Notes === {{div col|colwidth=45em}} {{notelist}} {{div col end}}
===Citations=== {{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name=Aspden> {{cite ODNB|first=Suzanne|last=Aspden|title=Linley, Thomas (1733–1795)|year=2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/16737 |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/16737|access-date=28 December 2014|url-access=subscription }} </ref>
<ref name=Burgoyne> {{cite journal|last1=Baldwin|first1=Olive|last2=Wilson|first2=Thelma Wilson|title=Burgoyne, John|journal=The New Grove Dictionary of Opera. Grove Music Online |publisher=Oxford Music Online|access-date=31 December 2014|url=http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/O900698|url-access=subscription }} </ref>
<ref name="Campbell Ross"> {{cite ODNB |last=Campbell Ross |first=Ian |title=Sheridan, Frances (1724–1766) |year=2004 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/25365 |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/25365 |access-date=31 December 2014 |url-access=subscription |mode=cs2}} </ref>
<ref name=Chronicle> {{citation |newspaper=Bath Chronicle |date=8 April 1773 |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000221/17730408/008/0003 |page=3 |title=London |volume=XIII |url-access=subscription |via=[[British Newspaper Archive]]}} </ref>
<ref name=Church> {{cite web |url=http://www.stgite.org.uk/media/judges.html |title=Local judges |publisher=St George-in-the-East Church |access-date=2 January 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102165739/http://www.stgite.org.uk/media/judges.html |archive-date=2 January 2015 |url-status=live }} </ref>
<ref name=Cowgill> {{cite book |last=Cowgill |first=Rachel |chapter=Linley family |title=An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-19-924543-7 |url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199245437.001.0001/acref-9780199245437-e-394 |url-access=subscription |access-date=1 January 2015|mode=cs2}} </ref>
<ref name=Dulwich> {{cite web |url=http://www.dulwichpicturegallery.org.uk/explore-the-collection/451-500/mrs-thomas-linley/ |title=Mrs Thomas Linley |publisher=Dulwich Picture Gallery |access-date=30 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923221005/http://www.dulwichpicturegallery.org.uk/explore-the-collection/451-500/mrs-thomas-linley/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |url-status=live |mode=cs2 }} </ref>
<ref name="Elizabeth ODNB"> {{cite ODNB |first=Suzanne |last=Aspden |title=Linley [Sheridan], Elizabeth Ann (1754–1792) |year=2004 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/25364 |edition=online, May 2009 |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/25364 |access-date=31 December 2014 |url-access=subscription |mode=cs2}} </ref>
<ref name=Grove> {{cite journal |last1=Beechey |first1=Gwilym |last2=Troost |first2=Linda |title=Linley |journal=Grove Music Online |publisher=Oxford Music Online |access-date=30 December 2014 |url=http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/16713pg1 |url-access=subscription |mode=cs2}} </ref>
<ref name=Guardian> {{citation |title=The Duenna's 230-year elopement |last=Billington |first=Michael |authorlink=Michael Billington (critic) |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=30 September 2010 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2010/sep/29/the-duenna-richard-sheridan |access-date=2 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102203743/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2010/sep/29/the-duenna-richard-sheridan |archive-date=2 January 2015 |url-status=live }} </ref>
<ref name=Hereford> {{citation |newspaper=Hereford Journal |date=25 November 1795 |title=London |page=2 |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000398/17951125/003/0002 |via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] |url-access=subscription |volume=26 |number=1321}} </ref>
<ref name=Lynan> {{cite ODNB |first=Peter |last=Lynan |title=Chilcot, Thomas (c.1707–1766) |year=2004 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/5285 |edition=online, October 2009 |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/5285 |access-date=28 December 2014 |url-access=subscription |mode=cs2}} </ref>
<ref name=Move> {{cite web |url=http://www.move.com.au/artist/pietro-domenico-paradies |title=Pietro Domenico Paradies |publisher=Move Records |access-date=28 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204165415/http://www.move.com.au/artist/pietro-domenico-paradies |archive-date=4 February 2012 |url-status=live |mode=cs2 }} </ref> }}
===Bibliography=== {{div col|colwidth=45em}} *{{citation |author=A. L. |title=Reviewed Work: Invitation to Ranelagh: 1742–1803 by Mollie Sands |journal=[[Music & Letters]]|volume=28 |number=3 |year=1947 |publisher=Oxford University Press |jstor=854498}} *{{citation |last=Black |first=Clementina |title=The Linleys of Bath |year=1911 |publisher=[[Martin Secker]] |url=https://archive.org/stream/linleysofbath00blacuoft#page/10/mode/1up}} *{{citation |editor-last=Burwick |editor-first=Frederick |title=The Encyclopedia of Romantic Literature |year=2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CDuCchT6PE0C&pg=PR3 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-4051-8810-4}} *{{citation |last=Chedzoy |first=Alan |title=Sheridan's Nightingale |year=1998 |publisher=Allison & Busby| isbn=0-7490-0341-3}} * {{cite EB1911|short=1|wstitle= Linley, Thomas |volume= 16 | page = 730 |last= Chisholm |first= Hugh|author-link=Hugh Chisholm|mode=cs2}} * {{cite EB1911|short=1|wstitle= Sheridan |volume= 24 | pages= 844–847 see page 846 |last1= Chisholm |first1= Hugh|mode=cs2|date=1911a |quote= ...Sheridan now began to negotiate with Garrick for the purchase of his share of Drury Lane, and the bargain was, completed in June 1776...}} *{{citation |last=Cole |first=G. D. H. |chapter=VIII. Town-Life in the Provinces |title=Johnson's England: An Account of the Life & Manners of His Age |editor-last=Turberville |editor-first=A. S. |volume=1 |publisher=Clarendon Press |year=1933 |via= |chapter-url=https://www.questia.com/read/55650260 |chapter-url-access=}}{{dead link|date=July 2021}} *{{citation |last=Kelly |first=Michael |title=Reminiscences of the King's Theatre and Theatre Royal Drury Lane |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wSxTAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA115 |year=1826 |publisher=Colburn}} *{{citation |last=Sands |first=Mollie |title=The Singing-Master in Eighteenth-Century England |journal=[[Music & Letters]]|year=1942 |volume=23 |number=1 |pages=69–80 |publisher=Oxford University Press |doi=10.1093/ml/XXIII.1.69 |jstor=728575 }} *{{citation |last=Sands |first=Mollie |title=The Teaching of Singing in Eighteenth Century England |journal=[[Proceedings of the Musical Association]] 70th Sess |year=1943–1944 |volume=70 |pages=11–33 |publisher=Taylor & Francis, on behalf of the Royal Musical Association |doi=10.1093/jrma/70.1.11 |jstor=765831}} {{div col end}}
==External links== * {{commons category-inline}} * {{IMSLP|id=Linley,_Thomas}}
{{Portal bar|Biography|Classical music}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Linley, Thomas (the elder)}} [[Category:1733 births]] [[Category:1795 deaths]] [[Category:18th-century English composers]] [[Category:18th-century English male musicians]] [[Category:English Classical-period composers]] [[Category:English opera composers]] [[Category:People from Badminton, Gloucestershire]] [[Category:People from Bath, Somerset]] [[Category:Linley family|Thomas]]