{{Infobox person | name = Thomas Kocherry | image = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1940|05|11|df=yes}} | birth_place = Changanassery, Travancore<br/>{{small|(in present-day Kottayam, Kerala, India)}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|2014|05|03|1940|05|11|df=yes}} | death_place = Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India | occupation = {{hlist|Activist|Priest|Lawyer}} | years_active = | known_for = }}
'''Thomas Xavier Kocherry'''<ref>{{cite book |last1=England |first1=John C. |title=Asian Christian Theologies: Asia region, 7th-20th centuries; South Asia; Austral Asia |date=2002 |publisher=ISPCK |isbn=9781570754814 |page=316 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IckRAQAAIAAJ |accessdate=5 November 2018 |language=en}}</ref> (11 May 1940 – 3 May 2014)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Associations |first1=Union of International |title=Who's Who in International Organizations |date=2010 |publisher=De Gruyter |isbn=9783110230369 |page=6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pvJqi5oe0AsC |accessdate=5 November 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="th1">{{cite news |title=Thomas Kocherry dead |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/thomas-kocherry-dead/article5974995.ece |accessdate=5 November 2018 |work=The Hindu |date=4 May 2014 |language=en-IN}}</ref> was an Indian activist, priest, and lawyer. Known for his efforts in fighting for the cause of India's traditional fishermen, he was called "a senior sage of India's environmental and social justice movements" by the ''New Internationalist''.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Swift |first1=Richard |title=Tom Kocherry: fisher for justice |url=https://newint.org/columns/makingwaves/2012/05/01/tom-kocherry-interview |website=New Internationalist |accessdate=9 November 2018 |language=en |date=1 May 2012}}</ref> Kocherry served as chairperson of the National Fishworkers' Forum, the coordinator of the World Forum of Fish Harvesters and Fish Workers and National Alliance of People's Movements (NAMP).<ref name="th3">{{cite web |last1=Varma |first1=M. Dinesh |title=A crusader who shored up battle for fishworkers' rights |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/a-crusader-who-shored-up-battle-for-fishworkers-rights/article5977566.ece |website=The Hindu |accessdate=9 November 2018 |language=en-IN |date=5 May 2014}}</ref>
Kocherry was instrumental in mobilizing more than ten million fishermen in South India, and efforts to stop factory fishing and use of mechanized trawls for the purpose. Recognizing his efforts toward the same, Kocherry was given the Earth Trustee award in 1998.<ref>{{cite news |title=Earth Trustee award for Malayalee priest |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/1998/mar/05award.htm |accessdate=5 November 2018 |work=Rediff.com |date=5 March 1998}}</ref> In 1999, he received the Sophie Prize, a Norwegian award for environment and sustainable development.<ref>{{cite web |title=Speech by Sophie Prize winner Thomas Kocherry - The Sophie Prize |url=http://www.sofieprisen.no/Articles/52.html |publisher=sofieprisen.no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105202715/http://www.sofieprisen.no/Articles/52.html |archive-date=5 November 2018 |accessdate=5 November 2018 |language=en}}</ref> He was also a vocal critic of globalization in India.
== Early life == Kocherry was born on 11 May 1940 in Changanassery, a town in present-day Kottayam district of the Indian State of Kerala, to Aleyamma and Vavachan Kocherry.<ref name="th1"/> He had ten siblings. Kocherry graduated in Science and Law.<ref>{{cite news |title=Fr Thomas Kocherry Passes Away |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2014/may/04/fr-thomas-kocherry-passes-away-608034.html |access-date=5 November 2018 |work=The New Indian Express |date=4 May 2014}}</ref> He earned a bachelor's degree in science from St. Berchmans College, Changanassery, and in law from Government Law College, Thiruvananthapuram.<ref>{{cite web |title=India's 'social movement legend', Father Thomas Kocherry dies #RIP |url=http://www.kractivist.org/indias-social-movement-legend-father-thomas-kocherry-dies-rip/ |website=Kractivism |accessdate=5 November 2018 |date=4 May 2014}}</ref>
== Career == Kocherry was ordained a priest in April 1971<ref>{{cite web |last1=Patkar |first1=Medha |author-link1=Medha Patkar |title=Fr. Thomas Kocherry, CSsR – An Indomitable Fighter |url=http://www.cssr.news/oldnews-en/?p=465 |publisher=cssr.news |accessdate=5 November 2018 |date=17 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106010328/http://www.cssr.news/oldnews-en/?p=465 |archive-date=6 November 2018}}</ref> before he joined the Redemptorist Congregation. He was inspired by its founder Alphonsus Liguori, who left his legal profession to work among poor shepherds in Italy. Kocherry began activism that year in Raiganj, a fishing village, on the Bangladesh–India border. He moved to Poonthura in Thiruvananthapuram from there, to fight for the cause of Kerala's traditional fishermen. In the mid-1970s, during the period of emergency, he founded the Boat Workers' Union in Kerala's coastal town of Anchuthengu before getting involved with the Trivandrum Independent Fish Workers' Union, indicating his role as a trade union leader. He also helped found the Kerala Swatantra Matsyathozhilali Federation.<ref name="th3"/>
In 1981, Kocherry undertook an eleven-day fast with his associate Joyachan Antony demanding a ban on mechanized trawling during the monsoon season.<ref name="th2">{{cite web |last1=Martin |first1=K. A. |title=The fisherman's friend |url=https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/lf/2002/03/07/stories/2002030700160200.htm |accessdate=9 November 2018 |work=The Hindu |date=7 March 2002}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Consequently, the Kerala Marine Fishing Regulation Act was enacted with a directive to keep large vessels {{convert|22|km|mi}} off the coastline.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gosling |first1=David L. |title=Religion and Ecology in India and Southeast Asia |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781134551774 |page=148 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1FytSFIOEhUC |accessdate=5 November 2018 |language=en}}</ref> In 1982, the National Fishworkers' Forum (NFF) was formed to further these causes, including organizing protests and fighting legal battles against large fleets and polluting industries. He felt, "Trawling is destructive because it disrupts the sea-bed and purse seiners which net shoals of fish are responsible for over- fishing". He added, "Unless the government takes immediate action, we may not have any fish left either to eat or to export."<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Aravamudan |first=Gita |title=In the Shoes of the Fishermen |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.11912/page/n309 |magazine=The Illustrated Weekly of India |year=1984 |page=309 |accessdate= 9 November 2018}}</ref> Under Kocherry's leadership, the NFF organized the 'Kanyakumari March' in 1989 against the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant; around 25,000 people participated.<ref name="th2"/><ref name="rediff1">{{cite web |title=Fishermen's union leader rejects $ 150,000 American award |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/nov/25tho.htm |website=Rediff.com |accessdate=9 November 2018 |date=25 November 1997}}</ref> He served as its chairperson from its formation till 1996.<ref>{{cite web |title=Speaker Biography: Thomas Kocherry |url=http://www.50years.org/cms/action/apr2004/speaker/12 |publisher=50years.org |accessdate=9 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106192341/http://www.50years.org/cms/action/apr2004/speaker/12 |archive-date=6 January 2009}}</ref>
Kocherry was instrumental in the formation of the National Fisheries Action Committee Against Joint Ventures, with the onset of economic liberalisation in 1991. He felt it led to an increase "fleets and polluting industries along the coasts of developing countries". That year, the Supreme Court ruled a case over the government's joint venture or deep sea fishing policy that envisaged to open India's waters to large commercial vessels, in the NFF's favour. Consequently, in 1996, all coastal infrastructure were asked to be demolished allowing traditional fishing practices to continue. However, the government found a way to circumvent the Court's ruling, and introduced a bill in the mid-1990s. In a statement to the United Nations and world leaders, Kocherry called for a global ban on factory trawlers.<ref name="rediff1"/>
In November 1998, Kocherry became the first Indian to be awarded a Pew Fellowship in Conservation and the Environment, which carried a purse of {{USD}}150,000, for his contribution for protecting marine life.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Radhakrishnan |first1=M. G. |title=Thomas Kocherry takes fight for fishermen's rights from Kerala backwaters to national stage |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/environment/story/19971110-thomas-kocherry-takes-fight-for-fishermens-rights-from-kerala-backwaters-to-national-stage-832155-1997-11-10 |magazine=India Today |accessdate=9 November 2018 |date=10 November 1997}}</ref> However, he rejected the award and said that "a polluter giving an award for marine conservation is a contradiction", considering that Sunoco, which instituted the award, was hitherto an oil exploration company.<ref name="rediff1"/> A few days later, when the Union Ministry of Environment and Forests constituted the National Coastal Zone Management Authority, Kocherry was appointed one of its members for a two-year term.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ministry of Environment and Forests, Notification, New Delhi, the 26th of November, 1998 |url=http://www.envfor.nic.in/legis/crz/so991.htm |website=Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change |publisher=envfor.nic.in |accessdate=9 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109120908/http://www.envfor.nic.in/legis/crz/so991.htm |archive-date=9 November 2018}}</ref>
=== Critic of globalization === A vocal critic of globalization, Kocherry called it "the free movement of capital to generate profits for a few at the expense of the vast majority of people". He added, "I took up empowering the victims of globalization as a cause".<ref>{{cite book |title=Environment Chronicles: the best of TerraGreen |date=2011 |publisher=The Energy and Resources Institute |isbn=9788179933589 |page=18 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hiqWftzCh7cC |accessdate=9 November 2018 |language=en}}</ref> Kocherry argued that although globalization was accompanied by the rhetoric of decentralization, it centralized the flow of profits and power to the G7 countries. He also remarked that the governments were playing into the hands of pro-foreign domination and pro-investment agencies such as the World Bank, Asian Development Bank, World Trade Organization and the International Monetary Fund, through their policies for free movement of capital, that he felt was contradictory to the principles behind Mahatma Gandhi's Salt March of 1930.<ref>{{cite web |title='Principles of Mahatma Gandhi ignored' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/principles-of-mahatma-gandhi-ignored/article3128862.ece |website=The Hindu |accessdate=9 November 2018 |language=en-IN |date=5 May 2006}}</ref> Kocherry advocated "political action to establish fisherpeoples' sovereignty over the sea and its wealth" and the "need to think globally and act globally to counter the onslaught from the MNCs and TNCs".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kumar |first1=Amitava |author-link1=Amitava Kumar |title=World Bank Literature |date=2003 |publisher=University of Minnesota Press |isbn=9780816638369 |page=121 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WU7ub9awyWoC |accessdate=9 November 2018 |language=en}}</ref>
== See also == * Fishing in India * Criticisms of globalization
== References == {{Reflist}}
== External links == * {{cite web |title=Meet Fr. Tom Kocherry |url=http://www.sanctuaryasia.com/component/content/article/137-interviews-archive/609-fr-tom-kocherry.html |website=Sanctuary Asia |publisher=sanctuaryasia.com |language=en |date=February 2000}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Kocherry, Thomas}} Category:1940 births Category:2014 deaths Category:21st-century Indian Roman Catholic priests Category:Indian environmentalists Category:Indian lawyers Category:Anti-globalization activists Category:20th-century Indian Roman Catholic priests