{{short description|American politician}}
{{Infobox officeholder | name = Thomas R. Bard | image = Thomas R. Bard, c. 1900 (cropped).jpg | caption = Bard {{circa}} 1900 | office = United States Senator<br />from California | state = California | party = Republican | term = February 7, 1900 – March 3, 1905 | preceded = Stephen M. White | succeeded = Frank P. Flint | birth_date = December 8, 1841 | birth_place = Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, U.S. | death_date = March 5, 1915 (aged 73) | death_place = Port Hueneme, California, U.S. | branch = Union Army | battles = American Civil War }} '''Thomas Robert Bard''' (December 8, 1841{{spaced ndash}}March 5, 1915) was an American politician and businessman who was a United States Senator from California from 1900 to 1905 as a Republican. He assisted in the organization of Ventura County, California, and is known as the "Father of Port Hueneme" for his efforts in building and expanding the city, as well as the first and only deep water port in the area. He was a co-founder of the Unocal petroleum company.
==Early life== thumb|left|Bard in 1876 Born in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, on December 8, 1841, Bard attended the common schools, and graduated from the Chambersburg Academy in 1858. He studied law in school, and before his graduation, he secured a job with Pennsylvania Railroad. Later, he became an assistant to the superintendent of the Cumberland Valley Railroad. Other business ventures included the grain business in Hagerstown, Maryland. During the early part of the Civil War, Bard served as a volunteer Union scout during the invasions of Maryland and Pennsylvania by the Confederates.
In 1865, Bard arrived in Ventura County, California, to develop his uncle Thomas A. Scott's properties in Ojai. In 1867, Bard would become the first person in California to produce oil from a drilled well.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nelson |first1=Mike |title=The Hunt for California Crude |journal=AAPG Explorer |date=2020 |volume=41 |issue=2 |page=18 |url=https://explorer.aapg.org/story/articleid/56103/the-hunt-for-california-oil |accessdate=13 February 2020}}</ref> The official Congressional Directory for 1903 notes that Bard "has engaged in wharving and warehousing, banking, petroleum mining, sheep grazing, and dealing in real estate".<ref name="cd">{{cite web |title=S. Doc. 58-1 - Fifty-eighth Congress. (Extraordinary session -- beginning November 9, 1903.) Official Congressional Directory for the use of the United States Congress. Compiled under the direction of the Joint Committee on Printing by A.J. Halford. Special edition. Corrections made to November 5, 1903 |url=https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/SERIALSET-04562_00_00-001-0001-0000 |website=GovInfo.gov |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |access-date=2 July 2023 |page=6 |date=9 November 1903}}</ref>
==Political career== Thomas R. Bard moved to Ventura County, California, in 1864 and served as a member of the board of supervisors of Santa Barbara County from 1868 to 1873. In 1871, he was appointed as a commissioner to organize Ventura County. During this time, he purchased and subdivided Rancho El Rio de Santa Clara o la Colonia and laid out the plans for Port Hueneme, California, the future site of his Berylwood estate.
Bard was the California delegate to the 1884 Republican National Convention, and later served as the director of the California state board of agriculture from 1886 to 1887. In 1887, Bard became a founding board member of Occidental College. Elected as a Republican to the United States Senate on February 6, 1900, to fill a vacancy created by the death of Senator Stephen M. White, he served until March 3, 1905.{{r|cd}} Bard was unsuccessful in his 1904 reelection bid. During his term Bard served as the chairman of the Committee of Fisheries (for the Fifty-seventh Congress) and served on the Committee on irrigation (for the Fifty-eighth Congress). One of Thomas R. Bard's notable acts during his time in office was to appoint George S. Patton to West Point.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.army.mil/olympics/2008/history/index.html |title=U.S. Army Olympians |accessdate=2012-03-29 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113183830/http://www.army.mil/olympics/2008/history/index.html |archivedate=2011-11-13 }} The United States Army. "History of the Army Olympians: A General Athlete" WWW.ARMY.MIL</ref>
==Family and later life== [[File:Bard Mansion view.jpg|thumb|Contemporary photo of Bard Mansion on his Berylwood estate.]] Thomas R. Bard became a successful business man, and held profitable interests in several oil companies. Thomas R. Bard and his brother, Dr. Cephas Little Bard, established the Elizabeth Bard Memorial Hospital in Ventura as a memorial to their mother.<ref>City of Ventura. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131002172014/http://maps.cityofventura.net/menu/docs/historic/19.pdf Detail Sheet #19] accessed 29 September 2013 from link on [https://web.archive.org/web/20120819014739/http://maps.cityofventura.net/menu/flex/citymap/index.html?config=config_historic.xml City Map with Historic Landmarks]</ref> His son, Archibald Philip Bard, became a noted physiologist and the dean of Johns Hopkins Medical School.
He died at his Berylwood home in Port Hueneme, California, on March 5, 1915, and was interred in the family cemetery on his estate. His remains were moved to Ivy Lawn Cemetery in Ventura, California, by the military.<ref>{{cite web |title=Thomas R. Bard |publisher=Ivy Lawn Memorial Park & Funeral Home |url=http://www.ivylawn.org/records/177983 |access-date=29 September 2016}}</ref>
==See also== {{Portal|California|American Civil War}}
* Bardsdale, California * Bard, California * R. G. Surdam
==References== {{Reflist}}
==Further reading== *[http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000138 Biographical Directory of the United States Congress] *Hutchinson, William Henry. ''Oil, Land, and Politics'': The California Career of Thomas R. Bard. 2 vols. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1965. * {{cite BDA1906 |wstitle= Bard, Thomas Robert |volume= 1 |page = 210 |short=}} *Lawrence Kestenbaum. [http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/barc-barhite.html#R9M0IONZ6 The Political Graveyard]
==External links== {{commons category}} * {{Internet Archive author |sname=Thomas R. Bard}}
{{S-start}} {{S-par|us-sen}} {{U.S. Senator box |state=California |class=1 |before=Stephen M. White |after=Frank P. Flint |alongside=George C. Perkins |years=1900–1905}} {{S-end}}
{{USSenCA}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bard, Thomas Robert}} Category:1841 births Category:1915 deaths Category:People from Chambersburg, Pennsylvania Category:American people of Scotch-Irish descent Category:Republican Party United States senators from California Category:California Republicans Category:County supervisors in California Category:American businesspeople in the oil industry Category:Businesspeople from California Category:Founders of the petroleum industry Category:Union Oil Company of California Category:19th-century California politicians Category:People from Port Hueneme, California Category:People of Pennsylvania in the American Civil War Category:Union army soldiers Category:Burials at Ivy Lawn Cemetery Category:20th-century United States senators