{{Short description|British zoologist (1898–1961)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} {{Infobox scientist | name = | birth_name = Thomas Alan Stephenson | native_name_lang = | image = Thomas Stephenson with apparatus for photographing corals, Low Islands, Queensland, circa 1928 - C.M. Yonge (26544167848).jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = Stephenson during the [[1928 Great Barrier Reef expedition]] | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1898|1|19}} | birth_place = [[Burnham-on-Sea]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1961|4|3|1898|1|19}} | death_place = London | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} --> | other_names = | residence = | citizenship = | nationality = | fields = | workplaces = [[Aberystwyth University]] | alma_mater = [[Aberystwyth University]] | thesis_title = | thesis_url = | thesis_year = | doctoral_advisor = | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = | notable_students = | known_for = | author_abbrev_bot = T.A.Stephenson | author_abbrev_zoo = T.A.Stephenson | influences = | influenced = | awards = [[Fellow of the Royal Society]]<ref name=BP.19510316/> | signature = <!--(filename only)--> | signature_alt = | website = <!-- {{URL|www.example.com}} --> | footnotes = | spouse = | children = }} '''Thomas Alan Stephenson''' [[Royal Society|FRS]] (19 January 1898 – 3 April 1961) was a British [[naturalist]] and [[marine biology|marine biologist]] who specialised in [[sea anemone]]s.<ref name=TG.19610406/>
== Early life == Thomas Alan Stephenson, who went by his middle name, was born on 19 January 1898 in [[Burnham-on-Sea]] in [[Surrey]], England.{{sfn|Yonge|1962|p=137}} He was the eldest of three born to Thomas Stephenson, a [[Wesleyan theology|Wesleyan]] [[Minister (Christianity)|minister]] and amateur [[Botany|botanist]],{{sfn|Brokenshire|1949}}<ref name=N.19480522/><ref name=TT.19480420/> and Margaret Stephenson (née Fletcher); a brother and sister would follow.{{sfn|Yonge|1962|pp=137–138}}
The first six years of Stephenson's life were spent in [[Richmond, London|Richmond, Surrey]], where his father was a tutor at [[Richmond Theological College]]; his mother's father was the college's governor.{{sfn|Yonge|1962|pp=137–138}}{{sfn|Brokenshire|1949|p=187}} These years, according to his obituary, "were the pleasantest in Alan Stephenson’s childhood".{{sfn|Yonge|1962|p=137}} As Stephenson later recalled, "[w]e lived in the Governor’s well appointed house, and had the run of the large College grounds and kitchen-garden, so that we were brought up in all the surroundings and circumstances usual to gentlefolk of good education in the [[Edwardian era|Edwardian period]]. We were surrounded by flower-gardens, had [[Richmond Park]] and the [[Richmond Hill, London#Terrace Gardens and Terrace Walk|Terrace Gardens]] and [[River Thames|river]] close at hand (not to mention all the rather more remote attractions of the London area), and were provided with an adequate staff of well trained nurse maids, servants and gardeners."{{sfn|Yonge|1962|p=137}} In 1904, Stephenson's father left the college and assumed the traditional role of a Wesleyan minister: "circuits," typically three years each, spent in different locations.{{sfn|Yonge|1962|p=137}} These circuits began at [[Clapham]], and included stints at (amongst many other locations) [[Wrexham]], [[Timperley]], and [[Aberystwyth]].{{sfn|Yonge|1962|pp=137, 139}} The frequent moves were difficult for Stephenson, whose education was inevitably fragmented, and who found it impossible to establish childhood friendships.{{sfn|Yonge|1962|p=137}}
== Education == Stephenson attended schools in both Clapham and Wrexham.{{sfn|Yonge|1962|p=137}} Living in Wrexham introduced Stephenson to [[Harold Drinkwater]], a physician and amateur botanist who was also a skilled painter.{{sfn|Yonge|1962|p=138}} "Dr Drinkwater", Stephenson later wrote, "was a remarkable man. Gifted in drawing, he made no special use of his ability until about the age of 60, when an interest in botany led him to begin painting a long series of portraits of British plants. For this purpose he invented a method of his own. Maintaining that a portrait of a plant looked very unnatural against a white background, he taught himself to paint it on rather rough sage-green paper, using [[Zinc oxide|Chinese white]] in the undercoats as a foundation for the brilliant colours of the overpainting. In a few years he produced a remarkable series of paintings, many of which are now in the [[National Museum Cardiff|National Museum of Wales]] at [[Cardiff]]. I was fortunate enough to know him during his most productive period, and he was more than kind to me. He allowed me to paint flowers with him, so that I learnt all he could teach; he took me on his rounds with him; he and his wife made me permanently welcome at their house; and he procured anatomical material for me through which I made my first acquaintance with human anatomy. This friendship was maintained as long as he lived, after my family left Wrexham."{{sfn|Yonge|1962|pp=138–139, 146}} After Wrexham, Stephenson boarded at [[Kingswood School]] in [[Bath, Somerset|Bath]].{{sfn|Yonge|1962|p=137}} Living in a 50-person dormitory and with few places to sit besides the library and classrooms, Stephenson eschewed school games in favor of long walks in the country.{{sfn|Yonge|1962|p=137}}
Stephenson's academic career was perhaps due only to the accident of his father's travels taking the family to Aberystwyth from 1914 to 1919.{{sfn|Yonge|1962|p=139}}{{refn|group=note|During this time, from 1915 to 1917, Stephenson or perhaps his father were members of the [[British Bryological Society|Moss Exchange Club]].<ref name=MEC.1916/><ref name=MEC.1917/><ref name=MEC.1918/><ref name=MEC.1919/>}} Stephenson matriculated at [[Aberystwyth University|University College, Aberystwyth]] in October 1915, although his studies were interrupted by illness: tubercular infections of abdominal and cervical glands which later involved the appendix, requiring an operation and time in a sanatorium.{{sfn|Yonge|1962|p=139}} This meant an atypical college experience, involving both coursework and private instruction.{{sfn|Yonge|1962|p=139}} Stephenson came under the particular wing of the [[Zoology|zoologist]] and [[geographer]] [[H. J. Fleure]], a "unique and remarkable man", in Stephenson's words, who "encouraged me unflaggingly from the start".{{sfn|Yonge|1962|pp=139, 146}} Fleure nurtured Stephenson's already-developing interest in sea anemones, and saw him appointed as student-demonstrator in 1916.{{sfn|Yonge|1962|p=139}}<ref name=ODNB/> Fleur also facilitated access for Stephenson to the sea anemones collected during the 1910–1913 [[Terra Nova Expedition|''Terra Nova'' Expedition]] to [[Antarctica]], and directed Stephenson's study of them.{{sfn|Yonge|1962|p=139}} This resulted in the first of several articles on the subject,{{sfn|Stephenson|1918}} published when Stephenson was 20.{{sfn|Yonge|1962|p=139}} In 1920 and with Fleure's backing, Stephenson was permitted to obtain a [[Master of Science]] on the strength of his publications.{{sfn|Yonge|1962|p=139}}<ref name=ODNB/>
From 1920 to 1922 or 1923, Stephenson undertook research work at Aberystwyth, backed by a grant from the [[Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (United Kingdom)|Department of Scientific and Industrial Research]].{{sfn|Yonge|1962|p=139}}<ref name=ODNB/> Stephenson also began collaborating with his father on a series of papers on orchids.{{sfn|Yonge|1962|p=140}} The two coauthored more than 20 papers and notes between 1920 and 1926.{{sfn|Yonge|1962|p=140}} Much of this work focused on the genera ''[[Epipactis]]'' and ''[[Dactylorhiza]]''.{{refn|group=note|Now recognized as a distinct genus, ''Dactylorhiza'' was then classified under the genus ''[[Orchis]]''.{{sfn|Yonge|1962|p=140}}}} "Perhaps their most important single contribution", according to [[V. S. Summerhayes]], the botanist in charge of the orchid herbarium at [[Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew]], "was their recognition and definition of ''Orchis purpurella''"—now ''[[Dactylorhiza purpurella]]''—"which is now known as a widely spread member of the British flora".{{sfn|Yonge|1962|p=140}} Another contribution was to recognize the distinction between the variants ''[[Epipactis dunensis]]'' (now recognized as a species) and ''[[Epipactis phyllanthes]]'' var. ''vectensis''.{{sfn|Yonge|1962|p=140}} In 1923 and again with Fleure's backing, Stephenson obtained a [[Doctor of Science]] in the same way he obtained his Masters;{{sfn|Yonge|1962|p=139}}<ref name=ODNB/> the publications submitted in support of his degree included those on both sea anemones and orchids.<ref name=NLW/>
== Career == In 1922, Stephenson was appointed lecturer in zoology at [[University College London|University College, London]].{{sfn|Yonge|1962|p=139}}<ref name=BPB.1961/><ref name=WDP.19220920/> His work on orchids and sea anemones continued, and in 1928, he published the first of two volumes of ''The British Sea Anemones''.{{sfn|Stephenson|1928}}{{sfn|Yonge|1962|p=139}} Work on the second volume would be delayed, however, for that same year, Stephenson joined the [[1928 Great Barrier Reef expedition]] at the invitation of [[Maurice Yonge]], the expedition's leader.{{sfn|Yonge|1962|pp=139–140}} Stephenson was "an obvious choice", Yonge later wrote, given "his intimate acquaintance with the group of animals most closely allied to the [[Scleractinia|madreporarian]] corals and his intense interest in marine biology".{{sfn|Yonge|1962|p=140}}
Stephenson held a number of academic posts in Britain, and at the [[University of Cape Town]], [[South Africa]]. His final position was that of Professor and Head of the Department of Zoology at the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth.
The National Marine Biological Library at the [[Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom|Marine Biological Association]] in Plymouth hold some of his personal and scientific records, including paintings, negatives and notebooks on South Africa.
== Personal life == Stephenson married Anne Wood in 1922.{{sfn|Yonge|1962|p=139}} She was the younger of twin sisters born to Joseph Dore Wood, the secretary for the Barry Graving Dock and Engineering Company, which built the south Wales docks,<ref name=BH.18991020/><ref name=ODNB/> and Anna Eliza Wood.<ref name=WM.18990218/><ref name=SWDN.18920906/> The Stephensons had no children.<ref name=ODNB/> Stephenson died on 3 April 1961, aged 63, in a London hospital.<ref name=TT.19610405/><ref name=DT.19610405/>
== Publications == === Books === * {{cite book | last = Stephenson | first = Thomas Alan | title = The British Sea Anemones, Volume I | series = Ray Society Publications | volume = 113 | date = 1928 | publisher = [[Ray Society]] | location = London | oclc = 931327099 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=tknKUAV7N8AC }} :* {{cite book | ref = none | last = Stephenson | first = Thomas Alan | title = The British Sea Anemones, Volume II | series = Ray Society Publications | volume = 121 | date = 1935 | publisher = [[Ray Society]] | location = London | oclc = 931327099 }} * {{cite book | ref = none | last = Stephenson | first = Thomas Alan | title = Seashore Life and Pattern | date = 1944 | publisher = [[Penguin Books#King Penguin Books|The King Penguin Books]] | location = London | oclc = 1199112 }} * {{cite book | ref = none | last = Stephenson | first = Thomas Alan | title = Experiments in design | publisher = Unpublished typescript | oclc = 1008128841 }} :* Bound copy held by the [[National Art Library]], along with photographs intended as plates. * {{cite book | ref = none | last = Stephenson | first = Thomas Alan | title = A scientist looks at modern art | publisher = Unpublished typescript | oclc = 1008433864 }} :* Bound copy (in two volumes) held by the [[National Art Library]], along with photographs intended as plates. :* Quoted in a lecture by [[Alister Hardy]]: {{cite book | ref = none | last = Hardy | first = Alister | author-link = Alister Hardy | title = The Divine Flame: An Essay Towards a Natural History of Religion | date = 1966 | publisher = [[William Collins, Sons|Collins]] | location = London | pages = 107–132 | chapter = The Numinous, the Love of Nature and the Inspiration of Art | url = https://archive.org/details/divineflameessay0000hard_s6h9 | url-access = registration }}; republished as {{cite book | ref = none | last = Hardy | first = Alister | author-link = Alister Hardy | title = The Divine Flame: An Essay Towards a Natural History of Religion | edition = 2nd | date = 1978 | publisher = [[Harris Manchester College, Oxford|Manchester College]] | location = Oxford | pages = 107–132 | chapter = The Numinous, the Love of Nature and the Inspiration of Art | isbn = 0-906165-03-2 | url = https://archive.org/details/divineflameessay0000hard| url-access = registration }}; published online as {{cite web | title = Lecture V: The Numinous, The Love of Nature and the Inspiration of Art | website = [[Gifford Lectures|The Gifford Lectures]] | date = 24 September 2018 | url = https://www.giffordlectures.org/books/divine-flame/lecture-v-numinous-love-nature-and-inspiration-art | access-date = 27 January 2023 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230127073321/https://www.giffordlectures.org/books/divine-flame/lecture-v-numinous-love-nature-and-inspiration-art | archive-date = 27 January 2023 }} {{free access}}
=== Chapters === * {{cite book | ref = none | last = Stephenson | first = Thomas Alan | editor1-last = Marshall | editor1-first = Sheina Macalister | editor1-link = Sheina Marshall | editor2-last = Orr | editor2-first = Andrew Picken | editor2-link = Andrew Picken Orr | title = Essays in Marine Biology | date = 1953 | publisher = [[Oliver and Boyd]] | location = Edinburgh | pages = 73–100 | chapter = The World Between Tidemarks | oclc = 1498862 | name-list-style = amp }}
=== Articles === * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Stephenson | first1 = Thomas | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Thomas Alan | date = January 1918 | title = A New Form of ''Helleborine Viridiflora'' | journal = [[Journal of Botany, British and Foreign]] | publisher = [[Taylor & Francis|Taylor and Francis]] | location = London | volume = LVI | issue = 661 | pages = 1–4 | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33942#page/7 | name-list-style = amp }} {{open access}} * {{cite journal | last = Stephenson | first = Thomas Alan | date = 27 April 1918 | title = Coelenterata, Part I: Actiniaria | journal = British Antarctic ("Terra Nova") Expedition, 1910: Natural History Report | publisher = [[British Museum|Trustees of the British Museum]] | location = London | volume = V | issue = 1 | pages = 1–68 | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/195218#page/11 }} {{open access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last = Stephenson | first = Thomas Alan | date = November 1918 | title = On Certain Actiniaria Collected off Ireland by the Irish Fisheries Department, during the Years 1899–1913 | journal = [[Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy]] | publisher = [[Royal Irish Academy]] | volume = XXXIV | issue = B7 | pages = 106–168 | jstor = 20490280 | url = https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951d005865660&view=1up&seq=276 }} {{open access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last = Stephenson | first = Thomas Alan | date = 1920 | title = The Genus Corallimorphus | journal = [[Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy]] | publisher = [[Royal Irish Academy]] | volume = XXXV | issue = B9 | pages = 178–186 | jstor = 20517059 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=8HpIAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA178 }} {{open access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last = Stephenson | first = Thomas Alan | date = July 1920 | title = On the Classification of Actiniaria. Part I.—Forms with Acontia and Forms with a Mesoglœal Sphincter | journal = [[Journal of Cell Science|Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science]] | series = New Series | volume = 64 | issue = 256 | pages = 425–572 | doi = 10.1242/jcs.s2-64.256.425 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Stephenson | first1 = Thomas | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Thomas Alan | date = July 1920 | title = A New Marsh Orchis | journal = [[Journal of Botany, British and Foreign]] | publisher = [[Taylor & Francis|Taylor and Francis]] | location = London | volume = LVIII | issue = 691 | pages = 164–170 | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33758#page/204 | name-list-style = amp }} {{open access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Stephenson | first1 = Thomas | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Thomas Alan | date = September 1920 | title = The Genus ''Epipactis'' in Britain | journal = [[Journal of Botany, British and Foreign]] | publisher = [[Taylor & Francis|Taylor and Francis]] | location = London | volume = LVIII | issue = 693 | pages = 209–213 | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33758#page/256 | name-list-style = amp }} {{open access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Stephenson | first1 = Thomas | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Thomas Alan | date = October 1920 | title = The British Marsh Orchids in relation to Mendelian Principles | journal = [[Journal of Botany, British and Foreign]] | publisher = [[Taylor & Francis|Taylor and Francis]] | location = London | volume = LVIII | issue = 694 | pages = 243–247 | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33758#page/295 | name-list-style = amp }} {{open access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Stephenson | first1 = Thomas | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Thomas Alan | date = November 1920 | title = The British Palmate Orchids | journal = [[Journal of Botany, British and Foreign]] | publisher = [[Taylor & Francis|Taylor and Francis]] | location = London | volume = LVIII | issue = 695 | pages = 257–262 | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33758#page/314 | name-list-style = amp }} {{open access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Stephenson | first1 = Thomas | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Thomas Alan | date = January 1921 | title = ''Orchis latifolia'' in Britain | journal = [[Journal of Botany, British and Foreign]] | publisher = [[Taylor & Francis|Taylor and Francis]] | location = London | volume = LIX | issue = 697 | pages = 1–7 | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34333#page/11 | name-list-style = amp }} {{open access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Stephenson | first1 = Thomas | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Thomas Alan | date = February 1921 | title = ''Epipactis latifolia'' in Britain | journal = [[Journal of Botany, British and Foreign]] | publisher = [[Taylor & Francis|Taylor and Francis]] | location = London | volume = LIX | issue = 698 | pages = 33–39 | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34333#page/47 | name-list-style = amp }} {{open access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Stephenson | first1 = Thomas | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Thomas Alan | date = May 1921 | title = The forms of ''Orchis maculata'' | journal = [[Journal of Botany, British and Foreign]] | publisher = [[Taylor & Francis|Taylor and Francis]] | location = London | volume = LIX | issue = 701 | pages = 121–128 | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34333#page/150 | name-list-style = amp }} {{open access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last = Stephenson | first = Thomas Alan | date = November 1921 | title = On the Classification of Actiniaria. Part II.—Consideration of the whole group and its relationships, with special reference to forms not treated in Part I | journal = [[Journal of Cell Science|Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science]] | publisher = [[Oxford University Press]] | location = London | series = New Series | volume = 65 | issue = 260 | pages = 493–576 | doi = 10.1242/jcs.s2-65.260.493 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Stephenson | first1 = Thomas | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Thomas Alan | date = November 1921 | title = Natural Hybrid Orchids from Arran | journal = [[The Orchid Review]] | publisher = Orchid Review, Ltd. | location = [[Richmond, London|Richmond, Surrey]] | volume = XXIX | issue = 341 | pages = 131–133 | url = https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003515068/page/131 | name-list-style = amp }} {{open access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Stephenson | first1 = Thomas | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Thomas Alan | date = December 1921 | title = ''Orchis purpurella'' | journal = [[The Orchid Review]] | publisher = Orchid Review, Ltd. | location = [[Richmond, London|Richmond, Surrey]] | volume = XXIX | issue = 342 | pages = 163–165 | url = https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003515068/page/163 | name-list-style = amp }} {{open access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Stephenson | first1 = Thomas | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Thomas Alan | date = February 1922 | title = Hybrids of ''Orchis purpurella'' | journal = [[Journal of Botany, British and Foreign]] | publisher = [[Taylor & Francis|Taylor and Francis]] | location = London | volume = LX | issue = 710 | pages = 33–35 | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33755#page/46 | name-list-style = amp }} {{open access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Stephenson | first1 = Thomas | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Thomas Alan | date = April 1922 | title = Hybrids of ''Gymnadenia conopsea'' and ''Cœloglossum viride'' | journal = [[The Orchid Review]] | publisher = Orchid Review, Ltd. | location = [[Richmond, London|Richmond, Surrey]] | volume = XXX | issue = 346 | pages = 101–103 | url = https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003515084/page/100 | name-list-style = amp }} {{open access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last = Stephenson | first = Thomas Alan | date = June 1922 | title = On the Classification of Actiniaria. Part III.—Definitions connected with the forms dealt with in Part II | journal = [[Journal of Cell Science|Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science]] | publisher = [[John Churchill (publisher)|J. & A. Churchill]] | location = London | series = New Series | volume = 66 | issue = 262 | pages = 247–319 | doi = 10.1242/jcs.s2-66.262.247 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last = Stephenson | first = Thomas Alan | date = October 1922 | title = The Genus ''Ilyanthus'', Forbes | journal = [[Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom]] | publisher = [[Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom]] | location = Plymouth | series = New Series | volume = XII | issue = 4 | pages = 819–828 | doi = 10.1017/S0025315400009826 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=rmFMAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA819 | s2cid = 84822647 | url-access = subscription }} {{open access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Stephenson | first1 = Thomas | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Thomas Alan | date = March 1923 | title = ''Orchis prætermissa'' Druce | journal = [[Journal of Botany, British and Foreign]] | publisher = [[Taylor & Francis|Taylor and Francis]] | location = London | volume = LXI | issue = 723 | pages = 65–68 | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/270542#page/84 | name-list-style = amp }} {{open access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Stephenson | first1 = Thomas | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Thomas Alan | date = November 1923 | title = The British Forms of ''Orchis incarnata'' | journal = [[Journal of Botany, British and Foreign]] | publisher = [[Taylor & Francis|Taylor and Francis]] | location = London | volume = LXI | issue = 731 | pages = 273–278 | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/270542#page/330 | name-list-style = amp }} {{open access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Godfery | first1 = Masters John | author1-link = Masters John Godfery | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Thomas | last3 = Stephenson | first3 = Thomas Alan | date = June 1924 | title = The British Dactylorchids | journal = [[Journal of Botany, British and Foreign]] | publisher = [[Taylor & Francis|Taylor and Francis]] | location = London | volume = LXII | issue = 738 | pages = 175–178 | url = http://archive.bsbi.org.uk/Journal_of_Botany_1924.pdf | name-list-style = amp }} {{open access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last = Stephenson | first = Thomas Alan | date = November 1924 | title = Notes on ''Haliotis tuberculata'': I | journal = [[Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom]] | publisher = [[Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom]] | location = Plymouth | series = New Series | volume = XIII | issue = 2 | pages = 480–495 | doi = 10.1017/S0025315400007621 | s2cid = 83956416 | url = https://plymsea.ac.uk/id/eprint/549/1/Notes_on_Haliotis_teberculata.pdf }} {{open access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last = Stephenson | first = Thomas Alan | date = April 1925 | title = On Sea Anemones | journal = Discovery: A Monthly Popular Journal of Knowledge | volume = VI | issue = 64 | pages = 119–122 | issn = 0366-9238 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7I4FAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA119 }} {{open access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Stephenson | first1 = Thomas | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Thomas Alan | date = April 1925 | title = Some French Marsh Orchids | journal = [[Journal of Botany, British and Foreign]] | publisher = [[Taylor & Francis|Taylor and Francis]] | location = London | volume = LXIII | issue = 748 | pages = 93–97 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=6G4QAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA92-IA2 | name-list-style = amp }} {{open access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last = Stephenson | first = Thomas Alan | date = October 1925 | title = On a New British Sea Anemone | journal = [[Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom]] | publisher = [[Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom]] | location = Plymouth | series = New Series | volume = XIII | issue = 4 | pages = 880–890 | doi = 10.1017/S0025315400009310 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=D2NMAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA880 | s2cid = 86403474 | url-access = subscription }} {{open access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Carlgren | first1 = Oskar | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Thomas Alan | date = February 1928 | title = The British Edwardsidae | journal = [[Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom]] | publisher = [[Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom]] | location = Plymouth | series = New Series | volume = XV | issue = 1 | pages = 1–31 | doi = 10.1017/S002531540005551X | s2cid = 73565978 | url = https://plymsea.ac.uk/id/eprint/569/1/The_British_Edwardsidae.pdf | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220706180816/http://plymsea.ac.uk/id/eprint/569/1/The_British_Edwardsidae.pdf | archive-date = 6 July 2022 | name-list-style = amp }} {{free access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last = Stephenson | first = Thomas Alan | date = 1929 | title = A Contribution to Actinian Morphology: the Genera ''Phellia'' and ''Sagartia'' | journal = [[Royal Society of Edinburgh|Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh]] | volume = LVI | issue = 1 | pages = 121–139 | doi = 10.1017/S0080456800027757 | s2cid = 87336377 }} {{closed access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Carlgren | first1 = Oskar | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Thomas Alan | date = April 1929 | title = Actiniaria | journal = Australasian Antarctic Expedition 1911–14: Scientific Reports | publisher = Alfred James Kent | location = Sydney | series = Series C | volume = IX | issue = 2 | pages = 1–34 | url = https://mawsonshuts.antarctica.gov.au/site/assets/files/1541/c_09_02.pdf }} {{free access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last = Stephenson | first = Thomas Alan | date = May 1929 | title = On Methods of Reproduction as Specific Characters | journal = [[Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom]] | publisher = [[Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom]] | location = Plymouth | series = New Series | volume = XVI | issue = 1 | pages = 131–172 | doi = 10.1017/S0025315400029751 | s2cid = 55913431 | url = https://plymsea.ac.uk/id/eprint/616/1/On_methods_of_reproduction_as_specific_characters.pdf }} {{free access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last = Stephenson | first = Thomas Alan | date = May 1929 | title = On the Nematocysts of Sea Anemones | journal = [[Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom]] | publisher = [[Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom]] | location = Plymouth | series = New Series | volume = XVI | issue = 1 | pages = 173–200 | doi = 10.1017/S0025315400029763 | s2cid = 59424046 | url = https://plymsea.ac.uk/id/eprint/617/1/On_the_nematocysts_of_sea_anemones.pdf }} {{free access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last = Stephenson | first = Thomas Alan | date = March 1930 | title = How Animals Breed in the Sea | journal = Discovery: A Monthly Popular Journal of Knowledge | volume = XI | issue = 123 | pages = 94–97 | issn = 0366-9238 | oclc = 1566764 }} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Stephenson | first1 = Thomas Alan | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Anne | last3 = Tandy | first3 = Geoffrey | author3-link = Geoffrey Tandy | last4 = Spender | first4 = Michael | author4-link = Michael Spender | date = 25 July 1931 | title = The Structure and Ecology of Low Isles and Other Reefs | journal = Great Barrier Reef Expedition, 1928–29: Scientific Reports | publisher = [[British Museum|Trustees of the British Museum]] | location = London | volume = III | issue = 2 | pages = 17–112 | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49466256#page/37 | name-list-style = amp }} {{free access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last = Stephenson | first = Thomas Alan | date = 15 August 1931 | title = Development and the Formation of Colonies in Pocillopora and Porites—Part I | journal = Great Barrier Reef Expedition, 1928–29: Scientific Reports | publisher = [[British Museum|Trustees of the British Museum]] | location = London | volume = III | issue = 3 | pages = 113–134 | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49466450#page/243 }} {{free access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Stephenson | first1 = Thomas Alan | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Anne | date = 25 February 1933 | title = Growth and Asexual Reproduction in Corals | journal = Great Barrier Reef Expedition, 1928–29: Scientific Reports | publisher = [[British Museum|Trustees of the British Museum]] | location = London | volume = III | issue = 7 | pages = 167–217 | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49466558#page/351 | name-list-style = amp }} {{free access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Marshall | first1 = Sheina M. | author1-link = Sheina Marshall | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Thomas Alan | date = 25 March 1933 | title = The Breeding of Reef Animals: Part I, the Corals | journal = Great Barrier Reef Expedition, 1928–29: Scientific Reports | publisher = [[British Museum|Trustees of the British Museum]] | location = London | volume = III | issue = 8 | pages = 219–245 | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49466650#page/443 | name-list-style = amp }} {{free access}} :* ''see also'' {{cite journal | ref = none | last = Stephenson | first = Anne | date = 24 March 1934 | title = The Breeding of Reef Animals: Part II, Invertebrates Other Than Corals | journal = Great Barrier Reef Expedition, 1928–29: Scientific Reports | publisher = [[British Museum|Trustees of the British Museum]] | location = London | volume = III | issue = 9 | pages = 247–272 | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49466684#page/477 }} {{free access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Stephenson | first1 = Thomas Alan | last2 = Zoond | first2 = Alexander | last3 = Eyre | first3 = Joyce | date = April 1934 | title = The Liberation and Utilisation of Oxygen by the Population of Rock-Pools | journal = [[The Journal of Experimental Biology]] | publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]] | location = London | volume = XI | issue = 2 | pages = 162–172 | doi = 10.1242/jeb.11.2.162 | doi-access = free | name-list-style = amp }} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last = Stephenson | first = Thomas Alan | date = 27 March 1936 | title = The marine ecology of the South African coasts, with special reference to the habits of limpets | journal = Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London | publisher = [[Linnean Society of London]] | location = London | volume = 148 | issue = 2 | pages = 74–79 | doi = 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1936.tb00094.x }} {{closed access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Manton | first1 = Sidnie Milana | author1-link = Sidnie Manton | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Thomas Alan | date = 27 July 1936 | title = Ecological Surveys of Coral Reefs | journal = Great Barrier Reef Expedition, 1928–29: Scientific Reports | publisher = [[British Museum|Trustees of the British Museum]] | location = London | volume = III | issue = 10 | pages = 273–312 | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49466714#page/507 | name-list-style = amp }} {{free access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Stephenson | first1 = Thomas Alan | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Anne | last3 = Du Toit | first3 = Cornelius Albertus | year = 1937 | title = The South African Intertidal Zone and its Relation to Ocean Currents, I: A Temperate Indian Ocean Shore | journal = Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa | publisher = [[Royal Society of South Africa]] | volume = XXIV | issue = 4 | pages = 341–382 | doi = 10.1080/00359193709518928 | name-list-style = amp }} {{closed access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Stephenson | first1 = Thomas Alan | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Anne | last3 = Bright | first3 = Katherine Marjorie Frances | author3-link = Marjorie Scott | date = December 1938 | title = The South African Intertidal Zone and its Relation to Ocean Currents, IV: The Port Elizabeth District | journal = [[African Invertebrates|Annals of the Natal Museum]] | publisher = Adlard & Son, Ltd. | volume = IX | issue = 1 | pages = 1–20 | name-list-style = amp }} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Eyre | first1 = Joyce | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Thomas Alan | date = December 1938 | title = The South African Intertidal Zone and its Relation to Ocean Currents, V: A Sub-tropical Indian Ocean Shore | journal = [[African Invertebrates|Annals of the Natal Museum]] | publisher = Adlard & Son, Ltd. | volume = IX | issue = 1 | pages = 21–46 | name-list-style = amp }} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Bokenham | first1 = Naomi A. H. | author1-link = Naomi A. H. Millard | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Thomas Alan | date = December 1938 | title = The Colonization of Denuded Rock Surfaces in the Intertidal Region of the Cape Peninsula | journal = [[African Invertebrates|Annals of the Natal Museum]] | publisher = Adlard & Son, Ltd. | volume = IX | issue = 1 | pages = 47–81 | name-list-style = amp }} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Bokenham | first1 = Naomi A. H. | author1-link = Naomi A. H. Millard | last2 = Neugebauer | first2 = F. L. M. | last3 = Stephenson | first3 = Thomas Alan | date = December 1938 | title = The Vertical Distribution of certain Intertidal Marine Gastropods in False Bay, with Notes on the Development of Two of Them | journal = [[African Invertebrates|Annals of the Natal Museum]] | publisher = Adlard & Son, Ltd. | volume = IX | issue = 1 | pages = 113–137 | name-list-style = amp }} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last = Stephenson | first = Thomas Alan | date = January 1939 | title = The constitution of the intertidal fauna and flora of South Africa.–Part I | journal = [[Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society|Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology]] | publisher = [[Linnean Society of London]] | location = London | volume = XL | issue = 273 | pages = 487–586 | doi = 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1939.tb01691.x }} {{closed access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Stephenson | first1 = Thomas Alan | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Anne | last3 = Day | first3 = John H. | author3-link = John H. Day | date = 12 July 1940 | title = The South African Intertidal Zone and its Relation to Ocean Currents, VIII: Lamberts Bay and the West Coast | journal = [[African Invertebrates|Annals of the Natal Museum]] | publisher = Adlard & Son, Ltd. | volume = IX | issue = 3 | pages = 345–380 | name-list-style = amp }} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Tomlin | first1 = John Read le Brockton | author1-link = John Read le Brockton Tomlin | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Thomas Alan | date = 23 January 1942 | title = South African Patellidae | journal = [[Journal of Molluscan Studies|Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London]] | publisher = [[Malacological Society of London]] | location = London | volume = 25 | issue = 1 | pages = 4–9 | doi = 10.1093/oxfordjournals.mollus.a064424 | name-list-style = amp }} {{closed access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last = Stephenson | first = Thomas Alan | date = June 1943 | title = A Symposium on Intertidal Zonation of Animals and Plants: (1) The Causes of the Vertical and Horizontal Distribution of Organisms Between Tidemarks in South Africa | journal = Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London | publisher = [[Linnean Society of London]] | location = London | volume = 154 | issue = 3 | pages = 219–232 | doi = 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1943.tb00322.x }} {{closed access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last = Stephenson | first = Thomas Alan | date = December 1944 | title = The Constitution of the Intertidal Fauna and Flora of South Africa: Part II | journal = [[African Invertebrates|Annals of the Natal Museum]] | publisher = Adlard & Son, Ltd. | volume = X | issue = 3 | pages = 261–356 }} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last = Stephenson | first = Thomas Alan | date = July 1946 | title = Coral reefs | journal = [[Endeavour (journal)|Endeavour]] | publisher = [[Imperial Chemical Industries|Imperial Chemical Industries Limited]] | location = London | volume = V | issue = 19 | pages = 96–106 | oclc = 1567873 }} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last = Stephenson | first = Thomas Alan | date = October 1947 | title = The colours of marine animals | journal = [[Endeavour (journal)|Endeavour]] | publisher = [[Imperial Chemical Industries|Imperial Chemical Industries Limited]] | location = London | volume = VI | issue = 24 | pages = 152–159 | oclc = 1567873 }} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last = Stephenson | first = Thomas Alan | date = March 1948 | title = The Constitution of the Intertidal Fauna and Flora of South Africa: Part III | journal = [[African Invertebrates|Annals of the Natal Museum]] | publisher = Adlard & Son, Ltd. | volume = XI | issue = 2 | pages = 207–324 }} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Stephenson | first1 = Thomas Alan | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Anne | date = December 1949 | title = The Universal Features of Zonation Between Tide-Marks on Rocky Coasts | journal = [[Journal of Ecology|The Journal of Ecology]] | publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]] | location = London | volume = 37 | issue = 2 | pages = 289–305 | doi = 10.2307/2256610 | jstor = 2256610 | name-list-style = amp }} {{closed access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Stephenson | first1 = Thomas Alan | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Anne | date = January 1950 | title = Life between tidemarks in North America | journal = [[Endeavour (journal)|Endeavour]] | publisher = [[Imperial Chemical Industries|Imperial Chemical Industries Limited]] | location = London | volume = IX | issue = 33 | pages = 11–17 | oclc = 1567873 }} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Stephenson | first1 = Thomas Alan | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Anne | date = November 1950 | title = Life Between Tide-Marks in North America, I: The Florida Keys | journal = [[Journal of Ecology|The Journal of Ecology]] | publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]] | location = London | volume = 38 | issue = 2 | pages = 354–402 | doi = 10.2307/2256451 | jstor = 2256451 | name-list-style = amp }} {{closed access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Stephenson | first1 = Thomas Alan | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Anne | date = February 1952 | title = Life Between Tide-Marks in North America, II: Northern Florida and the Carolinas | journal = [[Journal of Ecology|The Journal of Ecology]] | publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]] | location = London | volume = 40 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–49 | doi = 10.2307/2258019 | jstor = 2258019 | name-list-style = amp }} {{closed access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Stephenson | first1 = Thomas Alan | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Anne | date = January 1954 | title = Life Between Tide-Marks in North America, IIIA: Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island: Description of the Region | journal = [[Journal of Ecology|The Journal of Ecology]] | publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]] | location = London | volume = 42 | issue = 1 | pages = 14–45 | doi = 10.2307/2256977 | jstor = 2256977 | name-list-style = amp }} {{closed access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Stephenson | first1 = Thomas Alan | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Anne | date = January 1954 | title = Life Between Tide-Marks in North America, IIIB: Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island: The Geographical Features of the Region | journal = [[Journal of Ecology|The Journal of Ecology]] | publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]] | location = London | volume = 42 | issue = 1 | pages = 46–70 | doi = 10.2307/2256978 | jstor = 2256978 | name-list-style = amp }} {{closed access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Stephenson | first1 = Thomas Alan | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Anne | date = April 1954 | title = The Bermuda Islands | journal = [[Endeavour (journal)|Endeavour]] | publisher = [[Imperial Chemical Industries|Imperial Chemical Industries Limited]] | location = London | volume = XIII | issue = 50 | pages = 72–80 | oclc = 1567873 }} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Stephenson | first1 = Thomas Alan | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Anne | date = January 1955 | title = The mode of Occurrence of the Universal Intertidal Zones in Great Britain, II: A Further Comment on the Results | journal = [[Journal of Ecology|The Journal of Ecology]] | publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]] | location = London | volume = 43 | issue = 1 | pages = 286–290 | doi = 10.2307/2257135 | jstor = 2257135 | name-list-style = amp }} {{closed access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last = Stephenson | first = Thomas Alan | date = 12 July 1960 | title = The southern cold temperate coasts, with special reference to South Africa | journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences| publisher = [[Royal Society|The Royal Society of London]] | location = London | volume = 152 | issue = 949 | pages = 635–638 | doi = 10.1098/rspb.1960.0072 | jstor = 75295 | bibcode = 1960RSPSB.152..635S | s2cid = 128480353 }} {{free access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Stephenson | first1 = Thomas Alan | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Anne | date = February 1961 | title = Life Between Tide-Marks in North America, IVA: Vancouver Island, I | journal = [[Journal of Ecology|The Journal of Ecology]] | publisher = [[Wiley-Blackwell|Blackwell Scientific Publications]] | location = Oxford | volume = 49 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–29 | doi = 10.2307/2257420 | jstor = 2257420 | name-list-style = amp }} {{closed access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Stephenson | first1 = Thomas Alan | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Anne | date = June 1961 | title = Life Between Tide-Marks in North America, IVB: Vancouver Island, II | journal = [[Journal of Ecology|The Journal of Ecology]] | publisher = [[Wiley-Blackwell|Blackwell Scientific Publications]] | location = Oxford | volume = 49 | issue = 2 | pages = 227–243 | doi = 10.2307/2257258 | jstor = 2257258 | name-list-style = amp }} {{closed access}}
=== Other === * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Stephenson | first1 = Thomas | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Thomas Alan | date = July 1921 | title = ''Epipactis viridiflora'' | journal = [[Journal of Botany, British and Foreign]] | publisher = [[Taylor & Francis|Taylor and Francis]] | location = London | volume = LIX | issue = 703 | page = 205 | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34333#page/243 | name-list-style = amp }} {{open access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Stephenson | first1 = Thomas | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Thomas Alan | date = August 1921 | title = ''Orchis prætermissa'' Druce and ''O. purpurella'' Stephenson | journal = [[Journal of Botany, British and Foreign]] | publisher = [[Taylor & Francis|Taylor and Francis]] | location = London | volume = LIX | issue = 704 | page = 234 | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34333#page/276 | name-list-style = amp }} {{open access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Stephenson | first1 = Thomas | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Thomas Alan | date = September 1921 | title = Epipactis | journal = The Botanical Society and Exchange Club of the British Isles: Report for 1920 | publisher = T. Buncle & Co. | location = Abroath | volume = VI | issue = I | pages = 44–46 | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/192656#page/52 | name-list-style = amp }} {{open access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Stephenson | first1 = Thomas | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Thomas Alan | date = September 1922 | title = Epipactis Viridiflora Reichb. | journal = The Botanical Society and Exchange Club of the British Isles: Report for 1921 | publisher = T. Buncle & Co. | location = Abroath | volume = VI | issue = III | pages = 308–309 | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/192656#page/326 | name-list-style = amp }} {{open access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Stephenson | first1 = Thomas | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Thomas Alan | date = September 1922 | title = O. Purpurella | journal = The Botanical Society and Exchange Club of the British Isles: Report for 1921 | publisher = T. Buncle & Co. | location = Abroath | volume = VI | issue = III | pages = 311–314 | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/192656#page/329 | name-list-style = amp }} {{open access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Stephenson | first1 = Thomas | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Thomas Alan | date = November 1922 | title = ''Orchis elodes'' Grisebach | journal = [[Journal of Botany, British and Foreign]] | publisher = [[Taylor & Francis|Taylor and Francis]] | location = London | volume = LX | issue = 719 | pages = 337 | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33755#page/393 | name-list-style = amp }} {{open access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Stephenson | first1 = Thomas | last2 = Stephenson | first2 = Thomas Alan | date = February 1926 | title = Abnormal Form of ''Anacamptis pyramidalis'' | journal = [[The Orchid Review]] | publisher = Orchid Review, Ltd. | location = [[Richmond, London|Richmond, Surrey]] | volume = XXXIV | issue = 392 | page = 51 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_XMhAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA51 | name-list-style = amp }} {{open access}} * {{cite report | ref = none | last = Stephenson | first = Thomas Alan | date = March 1941 | title = A Summary Account of the Ecological Survey of the South African Coast Carried Out From the University of Cape Town During the Years 1931–40 | publisher = Privately printed | oclc = 15432101 }}
== Notes == {{reflist|group=note}}
== References == {{reflist|20em|refs=
<ref name=SWDN.18920906>{{cite news | title = Wood–Broomfield | newspaper = [[Media Wales|South Wales Daily News]] | department = Births, Marriages, Deaths | page = 4 | issue = 6,317 | date = 6 September 1892 | url = https://newspapers.library.wales/view/3723907/3723911/17/ | access-date = 31 January 2023 | archive-date = 31 January 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230131053124/https://newspapers.library.wales/view/3723907/3723911/17/ | url-status = live }} {{open access}}</ref>
<ref name=WM.18990218>{{cite news | title = Wood | newspaper = [[The Weekly Mail|Weekly Mail]] | department = Deaths | page = 12 | issue = 1,433 | date = 18 February 1899 | url = https://newspapers.library.wales/view/3371415/3371427 | access-date = 31 January 2023 | archive-date = 31 January 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230131053131/https://newspapers.library.wales/view/3371415/3371427 | url-status = live }} {{open access}}</ref>
<ref name=BH.18991020>{{cite news | title = Death of a Barry Gentleman: Sudden Demise at Barry | newspaper = [[Barry Herald]] | location = [[Barry, Vale of Glamorgan]] | page = 5 | volume = 4 | issue = 192 | date = 20 October 1899 | url = https://newspapers.library.wales/view/3791754/3791759/62/ | access-date = 31 January 2023 | archive-date = 31 January 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230131053120/https://newspapers.library.wales/view/3791754/3791759/62/ | url-status = live }} {{open access}}</ref>
<ref name=MEC.1916>{{cite report | title = Report for the Year 1915 | date = 1916 | publisher = [[British Bryological Society|Moss Exchange Club]], Section II | pages = 1–2 | url = https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/MEC-Section-II.1915.pp_.1-17.pdf | access-date = 20 September 2023 | archive-date = 7 March 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220307173054/https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/MEC-Section-II.1915.pp_.1-17.pdf | url-status = live }} {{open access}}</ref>
<ref name=MEC.1917>{{cite report | title = Report for the Year 1916 | date = 1917 | publisher = [[British Bryological Society|Moss Exchange Club]], Section II | page = 4 | url = https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/MEC-Section-II.1916.pp_.1-20.pdf | access-date = 20 September 2023 | archive-date = 2 March 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220302135135/https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/MEC-Section-II.1916.pp_.1-20.pdf | url-status = live }} {{open access}}</ref>
<ref name=MEC.1918>{{cite report | title = Report for the Year 1917 | date = 1918 | publisher = [[British Bryological Society|Moss Exchange Club]], Section II | page = 4 | url = https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/MEC-Section-II.1917.pp_.1-18.pdf | access-date = 20 September 2023 | archive-date = 7 March 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220307172028/https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/MEC-Section-II.1917.pp_.1-18.pdf | url-status = live }} {{open access}}</ref>
<ref name=MEC.1919>{{cite report | title = Report for the Year 1918 | date = 1919 | publisher = [[British Bryological Society|Moss Exchange Club]], Section II | page = 5 | url = https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/MEC-Section-II.1918.pp_.1-26.pdf | access-date = 20 September 2023 | archive-date = 2 March 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220302135050/https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/MEC-Section-II.1918.pp_.1-26.pdf | url-status = live }} {{open access}}</ref>
<ref name=WDP.19220920>{{cite news | title = Mr. T. A. Stephenson | newspaper = [[Western Daily Press|The Western Daily Press]] | location = Bristol | page = 8 | volume = 129 | issue = 20,054 | date = 20 September 1922 | url = https://www.newspapers.com/article/148509873 | access-date = 1 June 2024 | archive-date = 1 June 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240601201433/https://www.newspapers.com/article/western-daily-press-mr-t-a-stephenson/148509873/ | url-status = live }} {{free access}}</ref>
<ref name=TT.19480420>{{cite news | ref = none | title = The Rev. T. Stephenson | newspaper = [[The Times]] | location = London | department = Obituary | page = 2 | issue = 51,050 | date = 20 April 1948 | url = https://callisto.ggsrv.com/imgsrv/FastFetch/UBER2/0FFO-1948-APR20-007?crop=2868+2741+693+484&format=jpeg | access-date = 17 January 2023 | archive-date = 17 January 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230117000348/https://callisto.ggsrv.com/imgsrv/FastFetch/UBER2/0FFO-1948-APR20-007?crop=2868+2741+693+484&format=jpeg | url-status = live }} {{free access}}</ref>
<ref name=N.19480522>{{cite journal | last = Summerhayes | first = Victor Samuel | author-link = V. S. Summerhayes | date = 22 May 1948 | title = Dr. Thomas Stephenson | journal = [[Nature (journal)|Nature]] | publisher = [[Nature Portfolio|Nature Publishing Group]] | volume = CLXI | issue = 4099 | page = 899 | doi = 10.1038/161799a0 | bibcode = 1948Natur.161..799S | s2cid = 35982489 | doi-access = }}</ref>
<ref name=BP.19510316>{{cite news | title = New Fellows of Royal Society | newspaper = [[Birmingham Post|The Birmingham Post]] | location = Birmingham | page = 3 | issue = 28,889 | date = 16 March 1951 | url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113690216 | access-date = 27 November 2022 | archive-date = 20 September 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230920215728/https://www.newspapers.com/article/113690216/ | url-status = live }} {{free access}}</ref>
<ref name=BPB.1961>{{cite journal | last = N. | first = L. | date = 1961 | title = Professor T. A. Stephenson | journal = British Phycological Bulletin | publisher = [[British Phycological Society]] | volume = 2 | issue = 2 | page = 94 | doi = 10.1080/00071616100650101 | doi-access = }}</ref>
<ref name=TT.19610405>{{cite news | title = Prof. T. A. Stephenson | newspaper = [[The Times]] | location = London | issue = 55,047 | department = Obituary | page = 15 | date = 5 April 1961 | url = https://callisto.ggsrv.com/imgsrv/FastFetch/UBER2/0FFO-1961-APR05-015?legacy=no&crop=65+120+703+3094&format=jpeg | archive-date = 26 November 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221126061624/https://callisto.ggsrv.com/imgsrv/FastFetch/UBER2/0FFO-1961-APR05-015?crop=65+120+703+3094&format=jpeg | url-status = live }} {{free access}}</ref>
<ref name=DT.19610405>{{cite news | title = Prof. Thomas Alan Stephenson | newspaper = [[The Daily Telegraph]] | location = London | issue = 27,035 | department = Obituary | page = 14 | date = 5 April 1961 | url = https://callisto.ggsrv.com/imgsrv/FastFetch/UBER2/TGRH-1961-0405-0014?crop=2458+4490+490+1110&format=jpeg | archive-date = 26 November 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221126063620/https://callisto.ggsrv.com/imgsrv/FastFetch/UBER2/TGRH-1961-0405-0014?crop=2458+4490+490+1110&format=jpeg | url-status = live }} {{free access}}</ref>
<ref name=TG.19610406>{{cite news | ref = none | title = Prof. T. A. Stephenson | newspaper = [[The Guardian]] | location = London | department = Obituary | page = 2 | issue = 35,693 | date = 6 April 1961 | url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113691243 | access-date = 27 November 2022 | archive-date = 20 September 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230920215728/https://www.newspapers.com/article/113691243/ | url-status = live }} {{free access}}</ref>
<ref name=ODNB>{{cite ODNB | last = Yonge | first = Charles Maurice | author-link = Maurice Yonge | id = 36281 | title = Stephenson, Thomas Alan | date = 23 September 2004 }}</ref>
<ref name=NLW>{{cite web | title = D. Sc. papers of Thomas Alan Stephenson / Thomas Alan Stephenson | website = [[National Library of Wales|The National Library of Wales]] | url = https://discover.library.wales/permalink/44WHELF_NLW/6kpfmq/alma99252569102419 | access-date = 31 January 2023 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230131054806/https://discover.library.wales/discovery/fulldisplay?&context=L&vid=44WHELF_NLW:44WHELF_NLW_NUI&search_scope=In_The_Library&tab=In_The_Library&docid=alma99252569102419 | archive-date = 31 January 2023 }} {{free access}}</ref>
}}
== Bibliography == * {{cite web | title = Archives Collection: Personal and Scientific Papers - Description | website = National Marine Biological Library | publisher = [[Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom]] | url = http://www.mba.ac.uk/NMBL/archives/archives_personal/personal_papers.htm | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170126092331/http://www.mba.ac.uk/NMBL/archives/archives_personal/personal_papers.htm | archive-date = 26 January 2017 }} {{free access}} * {{cite journal | last = Brokenshire | first = F.A. | date = October 1949 | title = The Rev. Thomas Stephenson, B.A., D.D. (1855–1948) | journal = [[New Journal of Botany|Watsonia]] | publisher = [[Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland|Botanical Society of the British Isles]] | volume = I | issue = III | pages = 187–189 | url = https://archive.org/details/watsonia01bota/page/186 }} {{free access}} * {{cite journal | last = Brown | first = Alexander Claude | year = 2003 | title = Centennial history of the Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, 1903–2003: A personal memoir | journal = Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa | publisher = [[Royal Society of South Africa]] | volume = 58 | issue = 1 | pages = 11–34 | doi = 10.1080/00359190309519932 | s2cid = 82286351 | issn = 0035-919X }} {{closed access}} * {{cite web | last = Embleton | first = Ellen | title = Partners in paint | date = 3 May 2022 | website = Royal Society Blog | publisher = [[Royal Society|The Royal Society]] | url = https://royalsociety.org/blog/2022/05/partners-in-paint | access-date = 26 November 2022 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221126064037/https://royalsociety.org/blog/2022/05/partners-in-paint | archive-date = 26 November 2022 }} {{free access}} * {{cite news | last = H. | first = E. G. | title = Prof. T. A. Stephenson | newspaper = [[The Times]] | location = London | issue = 55,048 | department = Obituary | page = 17 | date = 6 April 1961 | url = https://callisto.ggsrv.com/imgsrv/FastFetch/UBER2/0FFO-1961-APR06-017?crop=25+3755+730+570&format=jpeg | archive-date = 26 November 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221126061902/https://callisto.ggsrv.com/imgsrv/FastFetch/UBER2/0FFO-1961-APR06-017?crop=25+3755+730+570&format=jpeg | url-status = live }} {{free access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Hutchings | first1 = Pat | last2 = Brown | first2 = Barbara E. | last3 = Byrne | first3 = Maria | author3-link = Maria Byrne (biologist) | last4 = Hamylton | first4 = Sarah | last5 = Spencer | first5 = Tom | date = 21 September 2022 | title = The remarkable contributions of ten outstanding women to Australian coral reef science | journal = [[Historical Records of Australian Science]] | publisher = [[CSIRO Publishing]] | volume = 34| issue = | pages = A–Q | doi = 10.1071/HR22009 | s2cid = 252452474 | url = https://www.publish.csiro.au/hr/pdf/HR22009 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221126065708/https://www.publish.csiro.au/hr/pdf/HR22009 | archive-date = 26 November 2022 | name-list-style = amp | doi-access = free }} {{free access}} * {{cite web | last = Moore | first = Keith | title = Fairytale of Aberystwyth | date = 19 December 2013 | website = Royal Society Blog | publisher = [[Royal Society|The Royal Society]] | url = https://royalsociety.org/blog/2013/12/fairytale-of-aberystwyth/ | access-date = 26 November 2016 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221126203708/https://royalsociety.org/blog/2013/12/fairytale-of-aberystwyth/ | archive-date = 26 November 2022 }} {{free access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last = Pantin | first = Carl Frederick Abel | author-link = Carl Pantin | date = September 1963 | title = Obituaries: Thomas Alan Stephenson | journal = Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London | publisher = [[Linnean Society of London]] | location = London | volume = 174 | issue = 2 | pages = 153–155 | doi = 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1963.tb00917.x }} {{closed access}} * {{cite news | last = R. | first = E. H. | title = Prof. T. A. Stephenson | newspaper = [[The Times]] | location = London | issue = 55,050 | department = Obituary | page = 12 | date = 8 April 1961 | url = https://callisto.ggsrv.com/imgsrv/FastFetch/UBER2/0FFO-1961-APR08-012?crop=89+5000+675+560&format=jpeg | archive-date = 26 November 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221126061530/https://callisto.ggsrv.com/imgsrv/FastFetch/UBER2/0FFO-1961-APR08-012?crop=89+5000+675+560&format=jpeg | url-status = live }} {{free access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last = Russell | first = Frederick Stratten | author-link = Frederick Stratten Russell | date = 13 May 1961 | title = Prof. Thomas Alan Stephenson, F.R.S. | journal = [[Nature (journal)|Nature]] | publisher = Nature Publishing Group | volume = 190 | issue = 4776 | page = 586 | doi = 10.1038/190586a0 | bibcode = 1961Natur.190..586R | doi-access = free }} * {{cite book | last1 = Spencer | first1 = Tom | last2 = Brown | first2 = Barbara E. | last3 = Hamylton | first3 = Sarah M. | last4 = McLean | first4 = Roger F. | editor1-last = Hawkins | editor1-first = Stephen | editor2-last = Lemasson | editor2-first = Anaëlle J. | editor3-last = Allcock | editor3-first = Anne Louise | editor3-link = Louise Allcock | editor4-last = Bates | editor4-first = Amanda E. | editor5-last = Byrne | editor5-first = Maria | editor5-link = Maria Byrne (biologist) | editor6-last = Evans | editor6-first = Ally J. | editor7-last = Firth | editor7-first = Louise B. | editor8-last = Marzinelli | editor8-first = Ezequiel M. | editor9-last = Russell | editor9-first = Bayden D. | editor10-last = Smith | editor10-first = I. Philip | editor11-last = Swearer | editor11-first = Stephen E. | editor12-last = Todd | editor12-first = Peter A. | title = Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review | volume = 59 | date = 2001 | publisher = [[CRC Press]] | location = Boca Raton, Florida | pages = 89–138 | chapter = 'A Close and Friendly Alliance': Biology, Geology and the Great Barrier Reef Expedition of 1928–1929 | doi = 10.1201/9781003138846-2 | doi-access = free | isbn = 978-0-367-68522-5 | issn = 0078-3218 | name-list-style = amp }} * {{cite web | title = Stephenson; Thomas Alan | website = The Royal Society | url = https://catalogues.royalsociety.org/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Persons&id=NA2379 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220519085519/https://catalogues.royalsociety.org/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Persons&id=NA2379 | archive-date = 19 May 2022 }} {{free access}} * {{cite web | title = Thomas Alan Stephenson (1898-1961) | website = [[Natural History Museum, London]] | publisher = | url = http://www.nhm.ac.uk/nature-online/online-ex/art-themes/20thcentury/more/seaweed_more_info.htm | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120614023207/http://www.nhm.ac.uk/nature-online/art-nature-imaging/collections/art-themes/20thcentury/more/seaweed_more_info.htm | archive-date = 14 June 2012 }} {{free access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last1 = Williams | first1 = Raymond Barry | last2 = Moore | first2 = Peter Geoffrey | date = October 2011 | title = An annotated catalogue of the marine biological paintings of Thomas Alan Stephenson (1898–1961) | journal = [[Archives of Natural History]] | publisher = [[Edinburgh University Press]] | volume = 38 | issue = 2 | pages = 242–266 | doi = 10.3366/anh.2011.0032 | name-list-style = amp }} {{closed access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last = Williams | first = Raymond Barry | date = April 2012 | title = An annotated catalogue of the marine biological paintings of Thomas Alan Stephenson – additional notes | journal = [[Archives of Natural History]] | publisher = [[Edinburgh University Press]] | volume = 39 | issue = 1 | pages = 169–171 | doi = 10.3366/anh.2012.0072 }} {{closed access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last = Williams | first = Raymond Barry | date = April 2014 | title = An annotated catalogue of the marine biological paintings of Thomas Alan Stephenson – a fourth missing painting found | journal = [[Archives of Natural History]] | publisher = [[Edinburgh University Press]] | volume = 41 | issue = 1 | pages = 167–168 | doi = 10.3366/anh.2014.0222 }} {{closed access}} * {{cite journal | ref = none | last = Williams | first = Raymond Barry | date = October 2014 | title = An annotated catalogue of the botanical paintings of Thomas Alan Stephenson FLS (1898–1961) | journal = The Linnean | publisher = [[Linnean Society of London]] | volume = 30 | issue = 2 | pages = 37–46 | url = https://ca1-tls.edcdn.com/documents/Linnean_Vol-30_2_-Oct-2014_web.pdf | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221126193651/https://ca1-tls.edcdn.com/documents/Linnean_Vol-30_2_-Oct-2014_web.pdf | archive-date = 26 November 2022 }} {{free access}} * {{cite journal | last = Yonge | first = Charles Maurice | author-link = Maurice Yonge | date = November 1962 | title = Thomas Alan Stephenson: 1898–1961 | journal = Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society| publisher = [[Royal Society|The Royal Society]] | volume = 8 | pages = 137–148 | doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1962.0010 | doi-access = free }}
== External links == * [https://trove.nla.gov.au/search/category/newspapers?keyword=%22T.%20A.%20Stephenson%22%20and%20%22reef%22 Newspaper articles] about the [[1928 Great Barrier Reef expedition]] * {{cite web |url=http://www.nematostella.org/ |title=The Starlet Anemone Web Resource |author = John R. Finnerty |access-date=June 23, 2006}} {{FRS 1951}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Stephenson, Thomas Alan}} [[Category:1898 births]] [[Category:1961 deaths]] [[Category:People from Burnham-on-Sea]] [[Category:20th-century British zoologists]] [[Category:Alumni of Aberystwyth University]] [[Category:Academic staff of the University of Cape Town]] [[Category:20th-century English male artists]] [[Category:People educated at Kingswood School, Bath]] [[Category:British fellows of the Royal Society]]