Theodoros Manetas

{{short description|Greek Lieutenant General}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Theodoros Manetas | image = Theodoros Manetas.jpg | native_name = Θεόδωρος Μανέτας | caption = Theodoros Manetas {{circa}} 1930 | birth_date = 1881 | death_date = 1947 | death_place = Athens, Kingdom of Greece | birth_place = Tripoli, Kingdom of Greece | allegiance = {{flagicon|Greece|royal}} Kingdom of Greece {{Flagicon|Greece|old}} Provisional Government of National Defence {{Flagicon|Greece|old}} Second Hellenic Republic | branch = {{army|Greece}} | rank = 15px Lieutenant General | service_years = 1902–1920 1922–1925 1926–1935 | relations = Konstantinos Kolokotronis (great-great-grandfather) Lambros Tzavelas (great-great-grandfather) Theodoros Kolokotronis (great-grandfather) Ioannis Kolokotronis (grandfather) Photini Tzavela (grandmother) Panos Kolokotronis (great-uncle) Kitsos Tzavellas (great-uncle) Nikitas Stamatelopoulos (great-uncle) Zoe Maneta (sister) Konstantinos Manetas (brother) Ioannis Manetas (brother) | alma_mater = Hellenic Army Academy | battles = {{tree list}} *Balkan Wars **First Balkan War **Second Balkan War *World War I **Macedonian front ***Battle of Doiran *1935 Greek coup d'état attempt {{tree list/end}} | commands = Chief of the Hellenic Army General Staff | parents = Panagiotis Manetas Zoe Kolokotroni | riding = Arcadia | party = Liberal Party | prime_minister = Konstantinos Tsaldaris | term_start = 18 April 1946 | term_end = 24 January 1947 | monarch = George II | office3 = Minister Governor-General of Northern Greece | office2 = Minister of Aviation | office1 = Minister of Military Affairs | term_start3 = 21 March | term_end3 = 16 April 1945 | term_start2 = 22 | term_end2 = 26 November 1945 | term_start1 = 22 November 1945 | term_end1 = 4 April 1946 | monarch3 = George II | monarch2 = George II | monarch1 = George II | prime_minister3 = Nikolaos Plastiras Petros Voulgaris | prime_minister2 = Themistoklis Sofoulis | prime_minister1 = Themistoklis Sofoulis | predecessor1 = Spyridon Georgoulis | successor1 = Petros K. Mavromichalis | predecessor4 = Alexandros Rangavis | successor4 = Alexandros Merentitis }} '''Theodoros Manetas''' ({{langx|el|Θεόδωρος Μανέτας}}, {{circa}} 1881–1947) was a Hellenic Army officer who rose to the rank of lieutenant general and served as Chief of the Hellenic Army General Staff in 1931–1933. He also served thrice in ministerial positions and was elected to parliament in 1946.

== Military career == He was born in Tripoli in about 1881, the son of the politician Panagiotis Manetas, the youngest brother of Lieutenant General Konstantinos Manetas and of the politician Ioannis Manetas.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Δέλτα |first=Πηνελόπη Σ |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6JRiAAAAMAAJ&q=%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AD%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%82 |title=Αλληλογραφία της Π. Σ. Δέλτα: 1906-1940 |date=1997 |publisher=Βιβλιοπωλεῖον τῆς Ἑστίας |isbn=978-960-05-0756-0 |pages=457 |language=el}}</ref>

After finishing school, he enrolled in the Hellenic Army Academy and graduated on 6 July 1902 as an Artillery Second Lieutenant. He was promoted to lieutenant in 1909, and spent the period 1910–1912 studying in France. He returned to take part in the Balkan Wars of 1912–1913 as a battery commander, and was promoted to captain in 1913 and major in 1915.<ref name="bio">{{cite book | title=Συνοπτική Ιστορία του Γενικού Επιτελείου Στρατού 1901–2001 | language=Greek | trans-title=A Concise History of the Hellenic Army General Staff 1901–2001 | year=2001 | publisher=Hellenic Army History Directorate | location = Athens | isbn=960-7897-44-7 | chapter=Αντιστράτηγος ΜΑΝΕΤΑΣ ΘΕΟΔΩΡΟΣ του ΠΑΝΑΓΙΩΤΟΥ, ΑΜ 5031 | page=154 }}</ref>

During World War I, he joined the Venizelist Movement of National Defence and fought in the Macedonian front leading artillery battalions and regiments. In 1917 he was promoted to Lt. Colonel and assigned as head of the Personnel Department in the Ministry of Military Affairs. In 1918 he was reassigned to the front, assuming the post of artillery chief of the Cretan Division and taking part in the Battle of Doiran.<ref name="bio"/>

In 1919 he was promoted to full colonel, but was dismissed from the Army in November 1920 following the Venizelist electoral defeat. After the disastrous defeat of the Greek army in Anatolia by the Turkish nationalist forces in August 1922 and the subsequent outbreak of a military revolt, he was recalled to active service by the new revolutionary government and named Inspector of Artillery. Promoted to major general in 1924, he quarrelled with the dictator Theodoros Pangalos in 1925 and resigned, only to be recalled to his post soon after.<ref name="bio"/>

On 27 October 1928 he was named Vice-Minister of Military Affairs in Eleftherios Venizelos' cabinet, a post he held until 9 June 1929.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.ggk.gov.gr/?p=976 | title = Κυβέρνησις ΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΙΟΥ ΒΕΝΙΖΕΛΟΥ – Από 4.7.1928 έως 7.6.1929 | publisher=General Secretariat of the Government | language=Greek | accessdate=29 September 2012}}</ref> Promoted to lieutenant general, he was then given command of II Army Corps. In August 1931, he was appointed Chief of the Army General Staff, remaining at this post until 15 July 1933, when he re-assumed command of II Corps. He was involved in the unsuccessful Venizelist coup attempt in March 1935 and was dismissed from the Army on 30 April, following the coup's suppression.<ref name="bio"/>

== Political career == Following the liberation of Greece from the Axis occupation, on 21 March 1945 Manetas was appointed as Minister Governor-General for Northern Greece in the Nikolaos Plastiras cabinet,<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.ggk.gov.gr/?p=1050 | title = Κυβέρνησις ΝΙΚΟΛΑΟΥ ΠΛΑΣΤΗΡΑ (De Facto) – Από 3.1.1945 έως 8.4.1945 | publisher=General Secretariat of the Government | language=Greek | accessdate=29 September 2012}}</ref> a post he held until 16 April, a few days into the Petros Voulgaris cabinet.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.ggk.gov.gr/?p=1053 | title = Κυβέρνησις ΠΕΤΡΟΥ ΒΟΥΛΓΑΡΗ (De Facto) – Από 8.4.1945 έως 11.8.1945 | publisher=General Secretariat of the Government | language=Greek | accessdate=29 September 2012}}</ref> He then held the post of Minister of Military Affairs in the Themistoklis Sofoulis cabinet, from 22 November 1945 until 4 April 1946, and was ''pro tempore'' also Minister of Aviation in 22–26 November.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.ggk.gov.gr/?p=1065 | title = Κυβέρνησις ΘΕΜΙΣΤΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ ΣΟΦΟΥΛΗ (De Facto) – Από 22.11.1945 έως 4.4.1946 | publisher=General Secretariat of the Government | language=Greek | accessdate=29 September 2012}}</ref> Manetas elected to the Hellenic Parliament in the March 1946 elections on the Liberal Party ticket for his home province of Arcadia, holding the seat until his death in 1947.<ref name="bio"/>

==References== {{reflist}}

{{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef | before=Spyridon Georgoulis}} {{s-ttl | title= Minister for Military Affairs of Greece | years=22 November 1945 – 4 April 1946}} {{s-aft | after= Petros K. Mavromichalis}} {{s-vac| last= Alexandros Rangavis | as = Minister Governor-General for Macedonia in the Georgios Tsolakoglou cabinet| reason = Axis Occupation}} {{s-ttl | title= Minister Governor-General for Northern Greece| years=21 March – 16 April 1945}} {{s-aft | after= Alexandros Merentitis}} {{s-mil}} {{s-bef|before=Lt General Konstantinos Manetas}} {{s-ttl|title=Chief of the Hellenic Army General Staff|years=Αugust 1931 – 15 July 1933}} {{s-aft|after=Lt General Dimitrios Katheniotis }} {{s-end}} {{Chiefs of the Hellenic Army General Staff}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Manetas, Konstantinos}} Category:1880s births Category:1947 deaths Category:Hellenic Army lieutenant generals Category:Chiefs of the Hellenic Army General Staff Category:Greek military personnel of World War I Category:People from Tripoli, Greece Category:Ministers of military affairs of Greece Category:Greek MPs 1946–1950 Category:Governors-general of Northern Greece Category:20th-century Greek military personnel