Wipers (band)

{{short description|American punk rock band}} {{More citations needed|date=March 2020}} {{Use mdy dates|date=April 2025}} {{Infobox musical artist | name = Wipers | image = | caption = | image_size = | background = group_or_band | alias = | origin = Portland, Oregon, U.S. | genre = {{flatlist| *Punk rock *post-punk *post-hardcore *hardcore punk }} | years_active = {{flatlist| *1977–1989 *1993–1999 }} | label = {{flatlist| *Trap *Park Avenue *Engima *Restless *Tim/Kerr *Zeno *Jackpot }} | website = [http://www.zenorecords.com/ zenorecords.com] | current_members = | past_members = Greg Sage Sam Henry Dave Koupal Brad Naish Brad Davidson Steve Plouf Travis McNabb Moses Gershbein (aka Bob Schermerhorn) Dov Friedman }}

'''Wipers''' were an American punk rock band formed in Portland, Oregon, in 1977 by guitarist and vocalist Greg Sage, along with drummer Sam Henry and bassist Dave Koupal. Initially starting as a straight punk band, on their early releases ''Better off Dead'', Is This Real? and Alien Boy, the band would later pivot to more Post-punk influenced stylings on their second and third albums, ''Youth of America'', and ''Over the Edge''.

The group's tight song structure and use of heavy distortion were hailed as extremely influential by numerous critics and musicians.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hann |first=Michael |date=2015-01-22 |title=Cult heroes: Wipers – the sound of emptiness and dread |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2015/jan/22/cult-heroes-wipers-greg-sage-punk-portland |access-date=2025-01-05 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref name="Grow">{{Cite web |last=Grow |first=Kory |date=2020-08-28 |title=Wipers' 'Is This Real?' at 40: Greg Sage Reflects on a Northwest Punk Landmark |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/wipers-greg-sage-interview-is-this-real-1049335/ |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=Rolling Stone |language=en-US}}</ref> In particular, Nirvana's lead singer, Kurt Cobain acknowledged that they had heavily influenced him,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Records |first=Sub Pop |title=Wipers |url=https://www.subpop.com/artists/wipers |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=Sub Pop Records |language=en}}</ref> while J Mascis of Dinosaur Jr. cited Sage's guitar work as influential for him.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Horsley |first=Jonathan |date=April 7, 2023 |title=J Mascis: 10 albums that changed my life – "The Stooges was definitely my guitar sound inspiration. That’s still the best sound I’ve heard for guitar on a recording" |url=https://www.musicradar.com/news/j-mascis-10-albums-that-changed-my-life |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226121346/https://www.musicradar.com/news/j-mascis-10-albums-that-changed-my-life |archive-date=February 26, 2024 |access-date=February 1, 2025 |website=Music Radar}}</ref> They are also considered to be the first Pacific Northwest punk band, and are today hailed as seminal for the scene.<ref name="guardian">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2015/jan/22/cult-heroes-wipers-greg-sage-punk-portland|title=Cult heroes: Wipers – the sound of emptiness and dread|first=Michael|last=Hann|date=January 22, 2015|website=Theguardian.com}}</ref>

==History== thumb|right|upright|Vocalist and guitarist Greg Sage in 1992. ===Origins=== Sage's intense interest in music began with cutting records at home as an adolescent, when his father brought home a Disc cutting lathe from work. <ref name="guardian" /> Sage said, "I would cut records for friends at school of songs off the radio and learned the art of record making long before learning to play music. [...] I might have spent too much time studying music through a microscope because it gave me a completely different outlook on what music is and a totally opposite understanding of it as well. There was something very magical and private when I zoomed into the magnified and secret world of sound in motion. I got to the point that I needed to create and paint my own sounds and colors into the walls of these grooves."<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.zenorecords.com/wipers/history/history.htm | title=The Wipers' history | author=Greg Sage | access-date=2008-06-11 | publisher=Zenorecords.com | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515075008/http://www.zenorecords.com/wipers/history/history.htm | archive-date=2008-05-15 }}{{Self-published source|date=September 2014}}</ref>

Inspired by Jimi Hendrix, Sage soon picked up the guitar; further, in 1969, at age 17, he played on an eponymous album by professional wrestler Beauregarde.<ref name="guardian" />

===Foundation, early years=== Sage founded Wipers in Portland in 1977 along with drummer Henry and bassist Koupal, originally just as a recording project. The plan was to record 15 albums in 10 years without touring or promotion.<ref name="mtv">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/artists/wipers/biography/|title=Wipers Bio | Wipers Career | MTV|website=MTV|date=15 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215003048/http://www.mtv.com/artists/wipers/biography/|access-date=16 September 2020|archive-date=2016-02-15}}</ref> Sage thought that the mystique built from the lack of playing traditional rock 'n' roll would make people listen to their recordings much deeper with only their imagination to go by. He thought it would be easy to avoid press, shows, pictures and interviews. He looked at music as art rather than entertainment; he thought music was personal to the listener rather than a commodity.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}

Wipers' first single, "Better Off Dead", was released in 1978 on Sage's own Trap Records. Sage wanted to make his own recordings and manufacture and run his own label without outside financing. In 1979, Sage approached several Portland punk bands (including Neo Boys, Sado-Nation and Stiphnoyds) and asked them to record singles for his new Trap label. However, he would eventually decide to record for Park Avenue Records, hoping to gain greater exposure this way.

The Wipers first album, ''Is This Real?'', was issued in January 1980 on Park Avenue Records, a label that the band hoped would gain them wider distribution. It was originally recorded on a 4-track in the band's rehearsal studio, but the label insisted that the band use a professional studio.<ref name="mtv" /> Once released, the album gained a cult following, although the band was best known for their live shows around the Portland area. Later in 1980, Park Avenue released the ''Alien Boy'' EP, consisting of the title track and three demo outtakes.

{{Listen |filename=YouthofAmerica 33s.ogg |title="Youth of America" |description=Sample of "Youth of America", from the 1981 album ''Youth of America'' by the Wipers. The full song is over 10 minutes long.|format=Ogg}}

After the release of the album and the EP, Henry left to join the Rats, and Koupal moved to Ohio.<ref name="mtv" /> Sage would rebuild the rhythm section with bassist Brad Davidson and drummer Brad Naish (ex-Stiphnoyds), Wipers recorded a second album for Park Avenue, the last for that label. ''Youth of America'', released in 1981, contrasted with the short/fast punk songs of the time. According to Sage, this change of pace was a reaction against the punk trend of releasing short songs.<ref name="Zeno-Records-Youth-America">{{cite web | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228050020/http://www.zenorecords.com/wipers/disco/youth.htm |title= ''Youth of America'' | archive-date= 2008-02-28|publisher= ZenoRecords.com | url=http://www.zenorecords.com/wipers/disco/youth.htm |quote=... at the time of this recording, it was the trend that most songs by bands were very fast and short, to the point that some were doing songs as short as 13 seconds or so. I did just the opposite to make some songs reach 10 minutes long. This did not make us popular in the USA, but overseas was a different story.}}{{Self-published source|date=September 2014}}</ref> The album was, according to Sage, not well received in the United States at the time of its release, though it did fare better in Europe.<ref name="Zeno-Records-Youth-America"/> Along with other Wipers records, ''Youth of America'' came to be acknowledged as an important album in the development of American underground and independent rock movements of the early 80s.<ref>{{AllMusic | class= artist| id= wipers-mn0000485791| tab= biography | label= Wipers Biography |first= Andy |last=Kellman |access-date= 2014-09-06}}</ref>

The next album, ''Over the Edge'', issued in 1983 by Trap via Brain Eater Records, was the first Wipers record to gain significant modern rock airplay.<ref name="mtv" /> It was led by the song, "Romeo", which had already been released the previous year as a 7" single by Trap. The band then embarked on their first extensive tour, documented on the ''Wipers Tour 84'' cassette-only live album, which was reissued by Enigma Records in 1985 as ''Wipers''.

However, Park Avenue would go bankrupt, leaving Sage stranded due to his financial investments in the label. In an attempt to save both himself and the band, he recorded his first solo album issued by Enigma, ''Straight Ahead''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Greg Sage of Zeno Studios and The Wipers|url=https://tapeop.com/tutorials/bonus/greg-sage-zeno-studios-and-wipers/|access-date=2020-07-31|website=tapeop.com|language=en}}</ref>

Signing to Enigma's Restless Records division, Wipers released 1986's ''Land of the Lost'', featuring the song "Let Me Know", used in the film ''River's Edge''. It was followed by ''Follow Blind'' (1987) and ''The Circle'' (1988). All three records were recorded in Sage's studio 421 Sound.<ref>Album credits printed on Wipers album covers (visible on [https://www.discogs.com/label/426232-421-Sound?page=1 discogs]).</ref>

In 1989, drummer Travis McNabb joined Wipers for a tour, during which Sage announced that the band was ending due to music business frustrations and the loss of their studio space. Sage then relocated to Phoenix, Arizona,<ref name="mtv" /> and Davidson left to move to London. After building a new recording studio in Arizona, Sage released a second solo album, 1991's ''Sacrifice (For Love)''.<ref name="mtv" />

Sage restarted Wipers in 1993, rejoined by Plouf, releasing three additional albums as a duo: ''Silver Sail'' (1993) and ''The Herd'' (1996), both on the Tim/Kerr label, and ''Power in One'' (1999) on Sage's new Zeno Records. The band became inactive after 1999.

In 2001, Zeno released ''Wipers Box Set'', which included the first three Wipers albums, which by that time had been long out-of-print, along with the songs from the ''Alien Boy'' EP and additional previously unreleased material. Jackpot Records and Sage later reissued ''Is This Real?,'' ''Youth of America'' and ''Over the Edge'' on vinyl.

===Post-Wipers=== Henry formed Napalm Beach with Chris Newman in 1982. He remained an active musician in Portland, Oregon, and continued to play with Napalm Beach and Don't, as well as popular Pacific Northwest songwriters such as Pete Krebs, Morgan Grace and Jimmy Boyer. Henry died from complications of stomach cancer on February 20, 2022, at the age of 65.<ref>{{cite news |title=Απεβίωσε ο αυθεντικός ντράμερ των Wipers, Sam Henry |url=https://www.rocking.gr/news/sam-henry-original-wipers-drummer-dead/39691 |access-date=21 February 2022 |publisher=Rocking.gr |date=21 February 2022}}</ref>

Plouf operated a vintage goods/Zeno Records store in Portland, named Zeno Oddities, which closed sometime between 2009 and 2010.[source?]

McNabb formed the Beggars, and went on to work as a session and tour drummer for artists including Vigilantes of Love, Billy Pilgrim, Shawn Mullins, Indigo Girls, Brendan Benson, Howie Day, Dar Williams, Mandi Perkins, Big & Rich and Gavin DeGraw. McNabb was a member of Better Than Ezra from 1996 to 2009. In 2007, he joined bluegrass/country music act Sugarland.

Davidson (who had previously recorded with the Sage-produced Rancid Vat in 1985) played bass on The Jesus and Mary Chain's 1993 EP ''Sound of Speed''.

==Influence and legacy== Sage later remarked on their initial reception: "We weren't even really a punk band. See, we were even farther out in left field than the punk movement because we didn't even wish to be classified, and that was kind of a new territory. ... When we put out ''Is This Real?'' ... it definitely did not fit in; none of our records did. Then nine, ten years later people are saying: 'Yeah, it's the punk classic of the '80s'".<ref name="Zeno">{{Cite web|url=http://www.zenorecords.com/wipers/interview/page3.htm|title=Wipers Interview Page 3|date=14 December 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041214220835/http://www.zenorecords.com/wipers/interview/page3.htm|access-date=16 September 2020|archive-date=2004-12-14}}</ref>

In 1992, tribute album ''Eight Songs for Greg Sage and the Wipers'' was released by Tim/Kerr as a box set of four colored 7" records, featuring Wipers songs performed by Nirvana, Hole, Napalm Beach, M99, Dharma Bums, Crackerbash, Poison Idea, and the Whirlees. The expanded CD release, retitled ''Fourteen Songs for Greg Sage and the Wipers'', also included covers by Hazel, Calamity Jane, Saliva Tree, Honey, Nation of Ulysses, and Thurston Moore and Keith Nealy.

Nirvana was also influenced by Wipers.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.huffingtonpost.com/michael-nirenberg/discussion-with-sub-pop-f_b_6393224.html | title = Discussion with Sub Pop Founder Bruce Pavitt |last = Nirenberg |first = Michael |date = December 30, 2014 |website = The Huffington Post |publisher = TheHuffingtonPost.com, Inc |access-date = March 15, 2017}}</ref> Similarities can be heard between lines of Wipers' song "Potential Suicide" and Nirvana's track "Breed".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sacher |first=Andrew |title=15 songs that influenced Nirvana (probably) |url=https://www.brooklynvegan.com/15-songs-that-influenced-nirvana-probably/ |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=BrooklynVegan |language=en-US}}</ref> Wipers gained significant exposure as a result of Nirvana's 1992 covers of two songs from ''Is This Real?'' ("D-7" on the EP ''Hormoaning'', and "Return of the Rat" on the ''Eight Songs'' compilation. "D-7" was also released as a B-side on the UK CD single release of "Lithium" and played as part of Nirvana's 1992 live show that was later released as ''Live At Reading).'' Kurt Cobain's list of his top 50 albums, probably written in 1993, included the first three Wipers' albums.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-01 |title=Kurt Cobain’s 50 favourite albums |url=https://www.kerrang.com/kurt-cobains-50-favourite-albums |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=Kerrang! |language=en}}</ref> His wife, Courtney Love, whose band Hole covered "Over the Edge" both on recording and frequently at live performances, was also influenced by the band.<ref name="Grow"/> German grunge band, Alien Boys named themselves from Wipers song Alien Boy. J Mascis of Dinosaur Jr. additionally has cited Sage as a foundational influence on his own guitar work.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Horsley |first=Jonathan |date=April 7, 2023 |title=J Mascis: 10 albums that changed my life – "The Stooges was definitely my guitar sound inspiration. That’s still the best sound I’ve heard for guitar on a recording" |url=https://www.musicradar.com/news/j-mascis-10-albums-that-changed-my-life |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226121346/https://www.musicradar.com/news/j-mascis-10-albums-that-changed-my-life |archive-date=February 26, 2024 |access-date=February 1, 2025 |website=Music Radar}}</ref> Other bands that have cited Wipers as an influence include Mudhoney,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024 |title=THE MAKING OF SUPERFUZZ BIGMUFF by mudhoney - FEATURING Mark Arm and Steve Turner |url=https://lifeoftherecord.com/mudhoney-notes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241228011414/https://lifeoftherecord.com/mudhoney-notes |archive-date=December 28, 2024 |access-date=December 28, 2024 |website=Life of the Record |quote=When we were kind of forming the song ["No One Has"], it kind of reminded us a little bit of the Wipers, another Northwest influence on us.}}</ref> Cloud Nothings,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hyden |first=Steven |date=January 23, 2012 |title=Dylan Baldi of Cloud Nothings |url=https://www.avclub.com/dylan-baldi-of-cloud-nothings-1798229416 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003205609/https://www.avclub.com/dylan-baldi-of-cloud-nothings-1798229416 |archive-date=October 3, 2023 |access-date=March 7, 2024 |website=A.V. Club |quote=I did, for the first time, listen to The Wipers, about a year ago, and they've since become one of my favorite bands. They were a huge influence on this record, and they have some heavier moments. (...) [T]hey've influenced the songwriting, just in that I really structured those songs exactly in the way Greg Sage structures his songs. The way it flows from one part to the next is really Wipers-y. And also I got really into his guitar tone, and the way he plays guitar, and I think I may have picked up some of that. That's on our record, too.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Terich |first=Jeff |date=February 21, 2021 |title=Dylan Baldi picks the 10 best Cloud Nothings songs |url=https://www.treblezine.com/best-cloud-nothings-songs-dylan-baldi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211180356/https://www.treblezine.com/best-cloud-nothings-songs-dylan-baldi/ |archive-date=December 11, 2023 |access-date=March 7, 2024 |website=treblezine.com |quote=It reminds me of, during that time, I was basically trying to be The Wipers. That was my goal as a human—to make Wipers albums. And I wasn’t really capable of doing that, but this is our take on that. It has that darkness to it, but the chorus is this big celebratory thing. To me it is a single, or could have been but isn't as obviously melodic I guess. (...) Because like I said, I was just trying to rip off the Wipers for two years of my life. I even went as far as buying guitars and amps that I saw photos of Greg Sage using in the '70s and '80s. And this was kind of like me saying I can have these influences but I can make something where someone says "that sounds like Cloud Nothings" rather than just trying to copy another band.}}</ref> Hot Snakes,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Krcatovich |first=Dustin |date=August 11, 2022 |title=Swami John Reis Talks Rocket From the Crypt's 'Group Sounds' (and Punk Hair Care) |url=https://riotfest.org/2022/08/11/swami-john-reis-talks-rocket-from-the-crypts-group-sounds-and-punk-hair-care/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525050311/https://riotfest.org/2022/08/11/swami-john-reis-talks-rocket-from-the-crypts-group-sounds-and-punk-hair-care/ |archive-date=May 25, 2024 |access-date=December 14, 2024 |website=Riot Fest |quote=The first Hot Snakes record was heavily influenced by the Wipers, Saints, Suicide, and none of that was new stuff to me.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fitzpatrick |first=Will |date=March 1, 2016 |title=John Reis on curating ATP with Drive Like Jehu |url=https://www.theskinny.co.uk/music/interviews/john-reis-on-curating-atp-with-drive-like-jehu |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119094652/https://www.theskinny.co.uk/music/interviews/john-reis-on-curating-atp-with-drive-like-jehu |archive-date=January 19, 2025 |access-date=April 30, 2025 |website=The Skinny |quote=Suicide was such a big influence on Hot Snakes, it was probably the main influence – that and the Wipers – so I really wanted to have them represented in some way.}}</ref> and Metz.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Miller |first=Sam |date=April 13, 2013 |title=AN INTERVIEW WITH METZ: GETTING UP TO SPEED |url=https://www.theaquarian.com/2013/04/13/an-interview-with-metz-getting-up-to-speed/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812124850/https://www.theaquarian.com/2013/04/13/an-interview-with-metz-getting-up-to-speed/ |archive-date=August 12, 2022 |access-date=June 18, 2024 |website=The Aquarian Weekly}}</ref>

==Members== {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} '''Final lineup''' * Greg Sage – vocals, guitar (1977–1989, 1993–1999) bass (1993–1999, only in the studio) * Steve Plouf – drums (1985–1988, 1993–1999) {{col-2}} '''Former members''' * Sam Henry – drums (1977–1980) (died 2022) * Dave Koupal – bass (1977–1981) * Brad Naish – drums (1981–1985) * Brad Davidson – bass (1981–1987) * Travis McNabb – drums (1989, former touring member) {{col-end}}

'''Timeline''' {{#tag:timeline| ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:20 PlotArea = left:100 bottom:60 top:0 right:10 Alignbars = justify DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1977 till:01/11/1999 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal format:yyyy Legend = orientation:vertical position:bottom columns:4 ScaleMajor = increment:2 start:1977 ScaleMinor = increment:1 start:1977

Colors = id:voc value:red legend:Vocals,_guitar id:b value:blue legend:Bass id:dr value:orange legend:Drums id:Lines value:black legend:Studio_album id:bars value:gray(0.95)

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LineData = at:01/01/1980 color:black layer:back # Is This Real? at:17/05/1981 color:black layer:back # Youth of America at:01/01/1983 color:black layer:back # Over the Edge at:01/01/1986 color:black layer:back # Land of the Lost at:01/01/1987 color:black layer:back # Follow Blind at:01/01/1988 color:black layer:back # The Circle at:16/11/1993 color:black layer:back # Silver Sail at:20/02/1996 color:black layer:back # The Herd at:22/10/1999 color:black layer:back # Power in One

BarData = bar:Sage text:"Greg Sage" bar:Koupal text: "Dave Koupal" bar:Davidson text: "Brad Davidson" bar:Henry text:"Sam Henry" bar:Naish text: "Brad Naish" bar:Plouf text: "Steve Plouf" bar:McNabb text: "Travis McNabb" PlotData= width:11 textcolor:black align:left anchor:from shift:(10,-4) bar:Sage from:start till:01/01/1989 color:voc bar:Sage from:01/01/1993 till:end color:voc bar:Sage from:01/01/1993 till:end color:b width:3 bar:Koupal from:start till:01/01/1981 color:b bar:Davidson from:01/01/1981 till:12/01/1987 color:b bar:Henry from:start till:01/01/1980 color:dr bar:Naish from:01/01/1981 till:09/01/1985 color:dr bar:Plouf from:01/01/1985 till:01/01/1988 color:dr bar:Plouf from:01/01/1993 till:end color:dr bar:McNabb from:01/01/1988 till:01/01/1989 color:dr }}

==Discography==

===Studio albums=== * ''Is This Real?'' (1980, Park Avenue Records) * ''Youth of America'' (1981, Park Avenue Records) * ''Over the Edge'' (1983, Brain Eater Records) (licensed under agreement with Trap Records) * ''Land of the Lost'' (1986, Restless Records) * ''Follow Blind'' (1987, Restless Records) * ''The Circle'' (1988, Restless Records) * ''Silver Sail'' (1993, Tim/Kerr) * ''The Herd'' (1996, Tim/Kerr) * ''Power in One'' (1999, Zeno Records)

===Live albums=== * ''Wipers Tour 84'' (1984, Trap Records)

===EPs=== * ''Alien Boy'' (1980, Park Avenue Records)

===Singles=== * "Better Off Dead" (1978, Trap Records) * "Romeo" (1982, Trap Records) * "Silver Sail" (1993, Tim/Kerr) * "The Herd" (1996, Tim/Kerr) * "Insane" (1996, Tim/Kerr)

===Compilation albums=== * ''The Best of Wipers and Greg Sage'' (1990, Restless Records) * ''Complete Rarities '78–'90'' (2001, Objects Of Rarity) * ''Wipers Box Set'' (2001, Zeno Records) * ''Out Takes'' (2010, Jackpot Records)

===Compilation appearances=== * "Same Old Thing" on ''10-29-79'' (1980, Trap Records) * "My Vengeance" and "The Story" on ''Trap Sampler'' (1981, Trap Records) * "Nothin' to Prove (Live)" on ''Sub Pop 9'' (1983, Sub Pop) and ''Sub Pop 100'' (1986, Sub Pop) * "Let Me Know" on ''River's Edge'' (1987, Enigma Records) * "Return of the Rat" on ''Hype! The Motion Picture Soundtrack'' (1996, Sub Pop)

==References== <references />

==External links== * [http://zenorecords.com/ Official website] of Greg Sage * [http://www.samhenrydrums.com/ Official website] of Sam Henry * [http://www.trouserpress.com/entry.php?a=wipers Biography and Info about The Wipers] at Trouser Press * {{discogs artist|Wipers}} * {{IMDb name|3402671}}

;Interviews * [http://www.terrascope.co.uk/MyBackPages/Wipers.htm Interview with Greg Sage] at UK-based Ptolemaic Terrascope * [http://www.tapeop.com/articles/bonus/greg-sage-zeno-studios-and-wipers/ Interview about recording] at Tape Op * [http://www.inmusicwetrust.com/articles/31h05.html Another Interview with Greg Sage] at inmusicwetrust.com

Category:Musical groups from Portland, Oregon Category:Punk rock groups from Oregon Category:Post-hardcore musical groups from Oregon Category:Musical groups established in 1977 Category:1977 establishments in Oregon Category:1988 disestablishments in Oregon Category:Musical groups disestablished in 1988 Category:Musical groups reestablished in 1993 Category:Musical groups disestablished in 1999 Category:Restless Records artists Category:Enigma Records artists