{{short description|1979 book by Jean-François Lyotard}} {{Infobox book | name = The Postmodern Condition | title_orig = La condition postmoderne: rapport sur le savoir | author = Jean-François Lyotard | translators = Geoffrey Bennington and Brian Massumi | image = File:The Postmodern Condition (French edition).gif | caption = Cover of the French edition | illustrator = | cover_artist = | country = France | language = French | series = | subjects = Postmodern culture, technology, epistemology | published = {{plainlist| *1979 (Les Éditions de Minuit) *1984 (University of Minnesota Press, in English) }} | media_type = Print | pages = | isbn = | preceded_by = | followed_by = }} '''''The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge''''' ({{langx|fr|La condition postmoderne: rapport sur le savoir}}) is a 1979 book by the philosopher Jean-François Lyotard, in which the author analyzes the notion of knowledge in postmodern society as the end of 'grand narratives' or metanarratives, which he considers a quintessential feature of modernity. Lyotard introduced the term 'postmodernism', which was previously only used by art critics, into philosophy and social sciences, with the following observation: "Simplifying to the extreme, I define postmodern as incredulity towards metanarratives".<ref name="Lyotard">Lyotard, Jean-François (1979). ''La condition postmoderne: rapport sur le savoir''. Paris: Minuit.</ref><ref name="Anderson">Anderson, Perry (1998). ''The Origins of Postmodernity''. London/New York: Verso, pp. 24–27.</ref><ref>Quotation from the 1984 (reprint 1997); English translation by Geoffrey Bennington and Brian Massumi, University of Minnesota Press.</ref> Originally written as a report on the influence of technology in exact sciences, commissioned by the ''Conseil des universités du Québec'', the book was influential.<ref name="Bruneault">Bruneault, Frédérick (Autumn 2004). "[https://www.ulaval.ca/phares/vol5-automne04/texte03.html Savoir scientifique et légitimation]", ''Revue PHARES'' vol. '''5'''.</ref><ref>Lyotard, Jean-Francois (1979). [http://www.cse.gouv.qc.ca/fichiers/documents/publications/ConseilUniversite/Problemes_savoir_soc_indus_develop-1980.pdf "Les problèmes du savoir dans les sociétés industrielles les plus développées"]. Quebec: Conseil des Universités. Original report available online at: http://www.cse.gouv.qc.ca/FR/Publications_CUniv/</ref>
==Summary== Lyotard criticizes metanarratives such as reductionism and teleological notions of human history such as those of the Enlightenment and Marxism, arguing that they have become untenable because of technological progress in the areas of communication, mass media and computer science. Techniques such as artificial intelligence and machine translation show a shift to linguistic and symbolic production as central elements of the postindustrial economy and the related postmodern culture, which had risen at the end of the 1950s after the reconstruction of western Europe. The result is a plurality of language-games (a term coined by Ludwig Wittgenstein<ref name="Lyotard"/>{{rp|67}}), of different types of argument. At the same time, the goal of truth in science is replaced by "performativity" and efficiency in the service of capital or the state, and science produces paradoxical results such as chaos theory, all of which undermine science's grand narrative.<ref name="Anderson"/> Lyotard professes a preference for this plurality of small narratives that compete with each other, replacing the totalitarianism of grand narratives.
==Reception== ''The Postmodern Condition'' was influential.<ref name="Bruneault" /> However, Lyotard later admitted that he had a "less than limited" knowledge of the science he wrote about, and to compensate for this ignorance, he "made stories up" and referred to a number of books that he had not actually read. In retrospect, he called it "a parody" and "simply the worst of all my books".<ref name="Anderson"/> The poet Frederick Turner writes that, like many post-structuralist works, ''The Postmodern Condition'' "has not worn well". However, he sees it as more readable than other post-structuralist works, and credits Lyotard with covering "a good deal of ground in a lively and economical fashion".<ref>Turner, Frederick. ''The Culture of Hope: A New Birth of the Classical Spirit''. The Free Press, 1995, p. 283.</ref>
==References== {{reflist}}
{{Jean-François Lyotard}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Postmodern Condition, The}} Category:1979 non-fiction books Category:Books by Jean-François Lyotard Category:Contemporary philosophical literature Category:French non-fiction books Category:Works about postmodernism Category:Epistemology books