Edinburgh Review

{{short description|Several intellectual and cultural magazines}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}} {{Use British English|date=May 2012}}

The '''''Edinburgh Review''''' is the title of five distinct intellectual and cultural [[magazine]]s. The best known, longest-lasting, and most influential of the four was the third, which was published regularly from 1802 to 1929.

== ''Edinburgh Review'', 1755–1756 == {{main|Scottish Enlightenment}} The first ''Edinburgh Review'' was a short-lived venture initiated in 1755 by [[the Select Society]], a group of [[Scotland|Scottish]] men of letters concerned with the Enlightenment goals of social and intellectual improvement. According to the preface of the inaugural issue, the journal's purpose was to "demonstrate 'the progressive state of learning in this country' and thereby to incite Scots 'to a more eager pursuit of learning, to distinguish themselves, and to do honour to their country.'" As a means to these ends, it would "''give a full account'' of all books published in Scotland within the compass of half a year; and ... take some notice of such books published elsewhere, as are most read in this country, or seem to have any title to draw the public attention." Among the most notable of the foreign publications it observed was [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]]'s ''[[Discourse on Inequality]]'', which [[Adam Smith]] reviewed in the journal's second and final issue, published in March 1756. Its premature folding was due in large part to the partisan attacks the Moderate editors received from their opponents in the Church of Scotland, the Popular Party.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Lomonaco |first=Jeffrey |title=Adam Smith's "Letter to the Authors of the Edinburgh Review" |journal=Journal of the History of Ideas |date=October 2002 |volume=63|issue=4|pages=660–61 |doi=10.2307/3654165|jstor=3654165 }}</ref>

== ''Edinburgh Magazine and Review'', 1773–1776 == A short-lived magazine with similar purposes, ''[[Edinburgh Magazine and Review]]'', was published monthly between 1773 and 1776.

== ''Edinburgh Review'', 1802–1929 == {{Infobox magazine | title = Edinburgh Review | logo = | logo_size = | image_file =  | image_size =  | image_alt = | image_caption = | editor = | editor_title = | previous_editor = | staff_writer = | photographer = | category = | frequency = | circulation = | publisher = | founder = | founded = | firstdate = 1802 | finaldate = 1929 | company = | country = [[Scotland]] | based = | language = English | website =  | issn = | oclc = }} The third ''Edinburgh Review'' became one of the most influential British magazines of the 19th century. It promoted [[Romanticism]] and [[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]] politics.<ref name="clive1952">{{cite journal |first=John |last=Clive |title=The Edinburgh Review |journal=History Today |year=1952 |volume=2 |issue=12 |pages=844–850 }}.</ref> (It was also, however, notoriously critical of some major Romantic poetry.)<ref>John Clive, ''Scotch Reviewers: The ''Edinburgh Review'', 1802–1815'', Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1957, pp. 164–65.</ref>

Started on 10 October 1802 by [[Francis Jeffrey]], [[Sydney Smith]], [[Henry Peter Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux|Henry Brougham]], and [[Francis Horner]],<ref>John Clive, ''Scotch Reviewers: The ''Edinburgh Review'', 1802–1815'', Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1957, pp. 186–97.</ref> it was published by [[Archibald Constable]] in quarterly issues until 1929. It began as a literary and political review. Under its first permanent editor, [[Francis Jeffrey]] (the first issue was edited by Sydney Smith), it was a strong supporter of the Whig party and [[European liberalism|liberal politics]], and regularly called for political reform. Its main rival was the ''[[Quarterly Review]]'' which supported the [[Tories (British political party)|Tories]]. The magazine was also noted for its attacks on the [[Lake Poets]], particularly [[William Wordsworth]].<ref name="clive1952"/>

It was owned at one point by John Stewart, whose wife Louisa Hooper Stewart (1818–1918) was an early advocate of [[women's suffrage]], having been educated at the Quaker school of [[Newington Academy for Girls]].<ref>Stewart, Louisa Hooper, ed. Evelyn Roberts, ''Louisa: memories of a Quaker childhood'', Friends Home Service Committee, 1970.Cited in [http://stokenewingtonquakers.org.uk/nbhist.html Stoke Newington Quaker history page] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930084053/http://www.stokenewingtonquakers.org.uk/nbhist.html |date=30 September 2011 }}</ref>

It took its [[Latin]] motto ''{{lang|la|judex damnatur cum nocens absolvitur}}'' ("the judge is condemned when the guilty is acquitted") from [[Publilius Syrus]].

The magazine ceased publication in 1929.

=== Notable contributors to the third ''Edinburgh Review'' === {{Columns-list|colwidth=22em| * [[Thomas Arnold]] * [[Richard Harris Barham]] * [[Henry Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux|Henry Brougham]] * [[Thomas Brown (philosopher)|Thomas Brown]] * [[Thomas Carlyle]] * [[Ugo Foscolo]] * [[Henry Hallam]] * [[William Hamilton (metaphysician)|William Hamilton]] * [[Abraham Hayward]] * [[William Hazlitt]] * [[Felicia Hemans]] * [[Francis Horner]] * [[Leigh Hunt]] * [[Francis Jeffrey, Lord Jeffrey|Francis Jeffrey]] * [[George Cornewall Lewis]] * [[Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay|Thomas Babington Macaulay]] * [[Sir James Mackintosh]] * [[John Ramsay McCulloch]] * [[John Stuart Mill]] * [[Robert Montgomery (poet)|Robert Montgomery]] * [[John Playfair]] * [[Henry Reeve (journalist)|Henry Reeve]] * [[Henry Enfield Roscoe]] * [[Bertrand Russell]] * [[Charles William Russell]] * [[Sir Walter Scott]] * [[Sismondi]] * [[Sydney Smith]] * [[Herbert Spencer]] * [[Arthur Penrhyn Stanley]] }}

==''New Edinburgh Review'' (1969–1984)== [[File:New Edinburgh Review.jpg|thumb|upright|''New Edinburgh Review'', no. 31 (February 1976)]] The Scottish cultural magazine ''New Edinburgh Review'' was founded in 1969. It was published by [[Polygon Books|Edinburgh University Student Publications Board]] (EUSPB). The most famous issues of the ''New Edinburgh Review'' were the 1974 issues, supervised by C.K. Maisels, that discussed the philosophy of [[Antonio Gramsci]].<ref>See ''Proletarian Order'', by Gwyn A. Williams (1975), and ''Gramsci'', by James Joll (1977) for discussion of the NER Gramsci issues. Maisels was a member of the [[Communist Organisation in the British Isles]].</ref> James Campbell edited fifteen issues of the magazine between 1978 and 1982. Other editors included David Cubitt, Julian Pollock, Brian Torode, [[Henry Drucker]] and [[Owen Dudley Edwards]].<ref>Campbell, James, "[https://campuspress.stir.ac.uk/scotmagsnet/2024/04/04/making-it-new-edinburgh-review/ Making it New Edinburgh Review]", Scottish Magazines Network, 4th April 2024</ref> Notable contributors included:

{{Columns-list|colwidth=22em| * [[Neal Ascherson]] * [[James Baldwin]] * [[Angus Calder]] * [[Jenni Calder]] * [[Stewart Conn]] * [[Iain Crichton Smith]] * [[William S. Burroughs|William Burroughs]] * [[David Daiches]] * [[Hamish Henderson]] * [[George Mackay Brown]] * [[John P. Mackintosh]] * [[Allan Massie]] * [[Naomi Mitchison]] * [[Edwin Morgan (poet)|Edwin Morgan]] * [[Tom Nairn]] }}

==''Edinburgh Review'' (1984–2014)== In 1984 (from the combined issue 67/68) the magazine adopted the title ''Edinburgh Review'', along with the motto ''To gather all the rays of culture into one''. From 2007 to 2012 it was part of the [[Eurozine]] network.<ref>{{cite web |title=Edinburgh Review (Past Journal) |date=3 November 2010 |publisher=Eurozine |url=https://www.eurozine.com/journals/edinburgh-review/ |accessdate=18 August 2021 }}</ref> Editors of ''Edinburgh Review'' included [[Peter Kravitz]], Murdo Macdonald, [[Robert Alan Jamieson]], Gavin Wallace, Sophy Dale and [[Frank Kuppner]]. ''Edinburgh Review'' was a partner of the [[Eurozine]] network from February 2007 to December 2012. Notable contributors included:

{{Columns-list|colwidth=22em| * [[John Burnside]] * [[Ron Butlin]] * [[Alec Finlay]] * [[Janice Galloway]] * [[Alasdair Gray]] * [[Tom Hubbard]] * [[Jackie Kay]] * [[Tom Leonard (poet)|Tom Leonard]] * [[Alastair McIntosh]] * [[Duncan McLean (writer)|Duncan McLean]] * [[Duncan Macmillan (art historian)|Duncan Macmillan]] * [[Janet Paisley]] * [[Alan Spence]] * [[Alan Warner (novelist)|Alan Warner]] * [[Kenneth White]] }}

== Notes == {{reflist}}

== Further reading == * Shattock, Joanne. ''Politics and Reviewers: the Edinburgh and the Quarterly in the Early Victorian Age''. London, Leicester, and New York: Leicester University Press, 1989. * Christie, William. ''The Edinburgh Review in the Literary Culture of Romantic Britain''. London, Pickering & Chatto, 2009 * Campbell, James, "[https://campuspress.stir.ac.uk/scotmagsnet/2024/04/04/making-it-new-edinburgh-review/ Making it New Edinburgh Review]", Scottish Magazines Network, 4th April 2024

== External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120405143811/http://www.englit.ed.ac.uk/edinburghreview/issues/pdf/er01.pdf Facsimile of first edition] {{Authority control}}

[[Category:Literary magazines published in Scotland]] [[Category:Quarterly magazines published in the United Kingdom]] [[Category:Book review magazines]] [[Category:Defunct literary magazines published in the United Kingdom]] [[Category:History of Edinburgh]] [[Category:Magazines established in 1802]] [[Category:Magazines disestablished in 1929]] [[Category:Magazines established in 1984]] [[Category:Mass media in Edinburgh]]