The Cursed and Killed

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}} {{short description|Novel by Viktor Astafyev}} {{infobox book |  | name = The Cursed and Killed | title_orig = Прокляты и убиты | translator = | image = The cursed and killed.jpg | author = [[Viktor Astafyev]] | illustrator = | cover_artist = | country = Russia | language = Russian | series = | genre = Historical novel, [[war novel|war]], [[philosophical novel|philosophical]], [[political fiction]] | publisher = АСТ (2006) | release_date = 1991 and 1992 | media_type = Print | pages = 896 | isbn = 978-5-17-112574-5 | preceded_by = [[Sad Detective]] (1986) | followed_by = The Jolly Soldier (1999) }}

'''''The Cursed and Killed''''' ({{langx|ru|link=no|Прокляты и убиты}}) is a novel by [[Viktor Astafyev]], written in the second half of the 1990s. The plot of the novel is partly based on the author's participation in the fighting in the 21st reserve rifle regiment and their [[Battle of the Dnieper|crossing of the Dnieper]].

Oleg Davydov compared the novel to [[Vasily Grossman]]'s ''[[Life and Fate]]'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.astafjev.ru/content/view/1696/|title=Олег Давыдов. НУТРО. О ВОЕННОМ ЭПОСЕ ВИКТОРА АСТАФЬЕВА – Астафьев Виктор Петрович|publisher=www.astafjev.ru|access-date=12 December 2019}}</ref> and [[Vasil Bykaŭ]] considered it the only real novel about the war.<ref>Прокляты и убиты. — Moscow: Эксмо, 2002. — (Красная книга русской прозы). Тираж: 4000 экз. + 12000 экз. (доп.тираж). — {{ISBN|5-04-009706-9}}, {{ISBN|5-699-12053-X}}, {{ISBN|978-5-699-12053-6}}. — С. 789.</ref>

The first book of the novel was written in 1990–1992, the second book in 1992–1994. The novel is unfinished. In March 2000, the writer announced the termination of work on the novel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.astafjev.ru/content/view/1693/468/|title=Хронология жизни Астафьев Виктор Петрович – Астафьев Виктор Петрович|publisher=www.astafjev.ru|access-date=12 December 2019}}</ref>

== Summary == === ''The Devil's Pit'' === The epigraph to the first book of the novel is a quote from the [[New Testament]]: <blockquote> If you bite and eat each other, Take care that you are not destroyed by each other. [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Galatians Galatians 5: 15] </blockquote>

The first book of the novel is set near [[Berdsk]] in the late autumn of 1942 and winter of 1943, in the 21st reserve rifle regiment. The number of the regiment and its location correspond to those that actually existed during the great Patriotic war.<ref>{{Cite thesis |url= https://www.dissercat.com/content/podgotovka-rezervov-dlya-fronta-v-gody-velikoi-otechestvennoi-voiny-1941-1945-gg-na-materia-0 |title= Preparation of reserves for the front during the great Patriotic war of 1941–1945. (based on the materials of the Siberian military district and the TRANS-Baikal front) |year= 2009 |language= ru }}</ref> There is no place of deployment of the reserve regiment today, this place is flooded by the [[Ob sea]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://studyport.ru/referaty/literatura/2381-roman-astafeva-prokljaty-i-ubity-v-kontekste-idejno-hudozhestvennoj-evoljutsii-pisatelja|title=StudyPort.Ru – Роман Астафьева "Прокляты и убиты" в контексте идейно-художественной эволюции писателя|publisher=studyport.ru|access-date=12 December 2019}}</ref>

The action begins with the arrival in the fall of 1942 in the reserve regiment of young recruits, mostly just reached military age. Conscripts are mostly illiterate, recruited from remote towns and villages, and many had conflicts with the law. Due to the fact that the old regiment has not yet left for the front, and the barracks remain overcrowded, recruits are sent to quarantine and kept in inhumane conditions. Staying in quarantine dugouts, recruits are constantly malnourished, exhausted in political work, and many complain about poor-quality uniforms.

After quarantine, everyone gets into one company of the regiment, where they are met by Sergeant Shpator, and Lieutenant Shchus takes command of the company. Constant malnutrition, cold, dampness, and lack of basic conditions are compounded by conflicts between conscripts and their commanders, and many religious recruits are forbidden to pray or mention God in any way. Before the eyes of the boys, the commander beats to death a recruit suffering from incontinence, two twin brothers are shot, who unknowingly left their unit temporarily; a demonstration trial is held over a soldier-manipulator Zelentsov. The author describes the hopeless picture of soldiers 'life in spare parts, young people whose life before that was "mostly miserable, humiliating, impoverished, consisted of standing in queues, receiving rations, coupons, and even fighting for the harvest, which was immediately withdrawn in favor of society."

=== ''Bridgehead'' === The epigraph to the second book: <blockquote> Ye have heard that it was said by them of old time, Thou shalt not kill; and whosoever shall kill shall be in danger of the judgment: But I say unto you, That whosoever is angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment... [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#Chapter_5 Matthew 5: 21–22] </blockquote>

The second book of the novel takes place at the end of September 1943 and, obviously, at the beginning of October 1943 on the [[Dnieper]]. Judging by the fact that the book mentions an airborne operation, the prototype of the Velikokrinitsky bridgehead was the bukrin bridgehead near the village of [[Bukrin|Veliky Bukrin]], in which the author participated in the battles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://izvestia.ru/news/348141|title=Виктор Астафьев: «Что стоила нам эта победа? Что сделала она с людьми?|author=Валентин Курбатов (Псков)|date=30 April 2009|publisher=газета Известия|language=ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624232631/http://izvestia.ru/news/348141|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 June 2013}}</ref> Military units are fictional.<ref>The 2nd rifle regiment mentioned in the novel was part of the [[50th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)|50th rifle division]], which was located at the time of the events in the area of [[Pavlograd]], and the 9th howitzer artillery brigade was on the outskirts of [[Belarus]].</ref>

The action of the book begins at the time of preparation of the part for [[Battle of the Dnieper|crossing the Dnieper]]. The second book is a naturalistic description of the fighting during the crossing of the Dnieper, capturing and holding a bridgehead on its Bank for seven and all subsequent days. The author describes the war in extreme detail and cruelly, clearly differentiating those who are on the beachhead (mostly the same boys and a number of commanders), and those who remained on the Eastern Bank (political Department, special Department, field wives, detachments and just [[Cowardice|cowards]]). At the same time, the war is described both through the eyes of Soviet soldiers and partly German ones. Much attention is paid to the carnage witnessed by the author himself. At the same time, the war is described both through the eyes of Soviet soldiers and partly German ones.

The second part of the story is more dynamic than the first, which is understandable: "if in the first book "the Devil's pit" there is swearing and stench, then in the second part "Bridgehead" — death. If in the first — obscenity and abomination of a soldier's rear life, then in the second-payback for what they did".

== Reviews == {{quote|The book shocked me.|[[Vasil Bykaŭ]].<ref>Прокляты и убиты. — Moscow: Эксмо, 2002. — (Красная книга русской прозы). Тираж: 4000 экз. + 12000 экз. (доп.тираж). — {{ISBN|5-04-009706-9}}, {{ISBN|5-699-12053-X}}, {{ISBN|978-5-699-12053-6}}. — С. 789.</ref>}}

== Themes == The novel is largely autobiographical: the author himself, at the age of 17, went to the front as a volunteer, was a signalman, and when [[Battle of the Dnieper|crossing the Dnieper]], he witnessed the most brutal meat grinder described in the second part of the novel, ''Bridgehead''.

The writer raises the moral problems of relations between people in the conditions of war, the conflict between [[Christian morality]], patriotism and the totalitarian state, the problems of formation of people whose youth fell on the hardest years. The hidden subtext in the novel is the idea of God's punishment of the Soviet people through heavy war.

The title of the novel is taken from a [[stichera]] that the Siberian [[old believers]] had, "it was written that all those who sow turmoil, war and fratricide on earth will be cursed and killed by God".

== Prizes == * The first part of the novel was awarded the "Triumph" prize.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.astafjev.ru/content/view/1696/|title=Олег Давыдов. НУТРО. О ВОЕННОМ ЭПОСЕ ВИКТОРА АСТАФЬЕВА – Астафьев Виктор Петрович|publisher=www.astafjev.ru|access-date=12 December 2019}}</ref> * The novel was nominated for the [[Russian Booker Prize]] in 1993.<ref>{{cite book| url = https://fantlab.ru/work109002 | title = Виктор Астафьев "Прокляты и убиты" }}</ref>

== Editions == * [http://fantlab.ru/edition25335 Проза войны. Том первый]. — СПб.: Литера, 1993. Тираж: 100 000 экз. {{ISBN|5-900490-02-5}} (т.1) * [http://fantlab.ru/edition27130 Прокляты и убиты. Книга 1]. — М.: Вече, 1994 г. Серия: Военный роман Тираж: 100 000 экз. * [http://fantlab.ru/edition27127 Прокляты и убиты. Книга 2]. — М.: Вече, 1995 г. Серия: Военный роман Тираж: 20 000 экз. * [http://fantlab.ru/edition24600 Собрание сочинений в 15 томах. Том десятый.] Красноярск: Офсет, 1997 г. Тираж: 10 000 экз. * [http://fantlab.ru/edition24486 Избранное]. — М.: Терра, 1999 г. Серия: Литература {{ISBN|5-300-02704-9}} * [http://fantlab.ru/work109002 Прокляты и убиты]. — М.: Эксмо, 2002 г. Серия: Красная книга русской прозы Тираж: 4000 экз. + 12000 экз. (доп.тираж) {{ISBN|5-04-009706-9}} * [http://fantlab.ru/edition24488 Прокляты и убиты]. — М.: Эксмо, 2003 г. Тираж: 5100 экз. {{ISBN|5-699-04253-9}} * [http://fantlab.ru/edition24485 Прокляты и убиты]. — М.: Эксмо, 2005 г. Серия: Русская классика XX века Тираж: 4100 экз. + 4100 экз. (доп.тираж) {{ISBN|5-699-11435-1}} * [http://fantlab.ru/edition24485 Прокляты и убиты]. — М.: Эксмо, 2006 г. * [http://fantlab.ru/edition24487 Прокляты и убиты]. — М.: Эксмо, 2007 г. Серия: Библиотека всемирной литературы (Эксмо) Тираж: 5000 экз. + 4000 экз. (доп.тираж) {{ISBN|978-5-699-20146-4}} * [http://fantlab.ru/edition30942 Прокляты и убиты]. — М.: Эксмо, 2009 г. Серия: Русская классика Тираж: 4100 экз. {{ISBN|978-5-699-33805-4}} * [http://fantlab.ru/edition43721 Прокляты и убиты]. — М.: Эксмо, 2010 г. Серия: К 65-летию Великой Победы Тираж: 4000 экз. {{ISBN|978-5-699-40494-0}} * [http://fantlab.ru/edition46243 Прокляты и убиты]. — М.: Эксмо, 2010 г. Серия: Русская классика Тираж: 4000 экз. {{ISBN|978-5-699-36702-3}} * Прокляты и убиты: роман. — СПб: Азбука, Азбука-Аттикус, 2017. — 832 с. — Тираж 3000 экз. (Азбука-классика) {{ISBN|978-5-389-12681-7}}

== Theatrical performance == Based on the novel, a play was staged at the Moscow Chekhov's art theater directed by Viktor Ryzhakov (the premiere took place on 5 September 2010).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vashdosug.ru/theatre/performance/448944/tab-comments/ |title="Прокляты и убиты" — рецензии, отзывы |access-date=20 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111026031046/http://www.vashdosug.ru/theatre/performance/448944/tab-comments/ |archive-date=26 October 2011 }}</ref>

== References == * [http://militera.lib.ru/prose/russian/astafyev3/ Book] in Russian on the website "Military literature". * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QIzDVgnaNjY Seminar "Modern military prose" at the Bashkir state pedagogical University named after M. Akmulla. 18.02.2015].

'''Specific''' {{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cursed and Killed, The}} [[Category:1991 Russian novels]] [[Category:1992 Russian novels]] [[Category:Novels set during World War II]] [[Category:Unfinished novels]]