{{Short description|Genus of lichen}} {{Automatic taxobox | name = Thamnolia | image = Thamnolia vermicularis T82 (7).JPG | image_caption = ''Thamnolia vermicularis'' | taxon = Thamnolia | authority = [[Ach.]] ex [[Schaer.]] (1850) | type_species = ''[[Thamnolia vermicularis]]'' | type_species_authority = ([[Sw.]]) Schaer. (1850) | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = ''[[Thamnolia juncea|T. juncea]]''<br /> ''[[Thamnolia papelillo|T. papelillo]]''<br />''[[Thamnolia subuliformis|T. subuliformis]]''<br />''[[Thamnolia taurica|T. taurica]]''<br />''[[Thamnolia tundrae|T. tundrae]]''<br />''[[Thamnolia vermicularis|T. vermicularis]]'' | synonyms_ref = <ref name="Species Fungorum synonymy"/> | synonyms = *''Cerania'' {{small|[[Samuel Frederick Gray|Gray]] (1821)}} }}
'''''Thamnolia''''' is a [[genus]] of [[lichen]]s in the family [[Icmadophilaceae]].<ref name="Wijayawardene et al. 2020"/> Members of the genus are [[List of common names of lichen genera|commonly called]] '''whiteworm lichens'''.
Two species of ''Thamnolia'' are used by ethnic peoples of [[Yunnan Province]] (China) as a component of purported health-promoting tea: ''Thamnolia vermicularis'', and ''T. subuliformis''.<ref name="Wang et al. 2001"/>
==Taxonomy== ''Thamnolia'' has a long history of unsettled [[circumscription (taxonomy)|circumscription]]. A review of the genus reports that 67 names were published in ''Thamnolia'' between 1850 and 2020, but 22 of these names actually apply to unrelated genera; many of the remaining names were proposed at [[infraspecific name|infraspecific]] rank rather than as separate species.<ref name="Lücking et al. 2021"/>
Taxa in ''Thamnolia'' were traditionally separated using a small set of visible {{lichengloss|characters}}, especially whether the [[thallus]] is hollow or solid, overall branching pattern, and secondary chemistry. Two main chemical profiles were emphasized: thalli producing [[thamnolic acid|thamnolic]] (and [[decarboxythamnolic acid|decarboxythamnolic]]) acid do not [[fluoresce]] under [[ultraviolet]] light (UV−), whereas thalli producing [[squamatic acid|squamatic]] and [[baeomycesic acid]]s fluoresce yellow (UV+ yellow). Because these chemical and [[morphology (biology)|morphological]] traits do not reliably correlate, authors have alternated between treating the genus as a single variable species and recognizing multiple [[taxon|taxa]] defined mainly by either morphology or chemistry (or both).<ref name="Lücking et al. 2021"/>
More recent multi-marker phylogenetic work is summarised as supporting three principal [[lineage (evolution)|lineages]]: one widespread, one [[subarctic]], and one restricted to the [[Alps]]. The widespread lineage in particular shows little consistent correspondence with the traditional morphological and chemical characters, and the review argues that the best treatment is to recognise the three lineages as separate species: ''Thamnolia vermicularis'' for the widespread lineage (including material previously treated as ''T. subuliformis''), ''T. tundrae'' for the subarctic lineage, and ''T. taurica'' for the Alpine lineage. Although [[sexual reproduction]] in ''Thamnolia'' is not known, the review points to molecular signals of past [[genetic recombination|recombination]] within (but not between) these lineages, and to their overlapping ranges, as evidence that they represent reproductively isolated entities.<ref name="Lücking et al. 2021"/>
==Species== *''[[Thamnolia juncea]]'' {{au|R.Sant. (2004)}}<ref name="Santesson 2004"/> *''[[Thamnolia papelillo]]'' {{au|R.Sant. (2004)}}<ref name="Santesson 2004"/> *''[[Thamnolia subuliformis]]'' {{au|(Ehrh.) W.L.Culb. (1963)}} *''[[Thamnolia taurica]]'' {{au|(Wulfen) A.Massal. (1856)}} *''[[Thamnolia tundrae]]'' {{au|Brännström & Tibell (2018)}}<ref name="Onut-Brännström et al. 2018"/> *''[[Thamnolia vermicularis]]'' {{au|(Sw.) Schaer. (1850)}}
==References== {{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="Lücking et al. 2021">{{cite journal |last1=Lücking |first1=Robert |last2=Leavitt |first2=Steven D. |last3=Hawksworth |first3=David L. |year=2021 |title=Species in lichen-forming fungi: balancing between conceptual and practical considerations, and between phenotype and phylogenomics |url=https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13225-021-00477-7.pdf |journal=Fungal Diversity |volume=109 |issue=1 |pages=99–154 |doi=10.1007/s13225-021-00477-7}}</ref>
<ref name="Onut-Brännström et al. 2018">{{cite journal |last1=Onut-Brännström |first1=Ioana |last2=Johannesson |first2=Hanna |author-link2=Hanna Johannesson |last3=Tibell |first3=Leif |year=2018 |title=''Thamnolia tundrae'' sp. nov., a cryptic species and putative glacial relict |journal=The Lichenologist |volume=50 |issue=1 |pages=59–75 |doi=10.1017/S0024282917000615}}</ref>
<ref name="Santesson 2004">{{cite journal |last1=Santesson |first1=R. |year=2004 |title=Two new species of ''Thamnolia'' |journal=Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=393–397}}</ref>
<ref name="Species Fungorum synonymy">{{cite web |title=Synonymy: ''Thamnolia'' Ach. ex Schaer., Enum. critic. lich. europ. (Bern): 243 (1850) |url=http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/SynSpecies.asp?RecordID=5400 |accessdate=16 June 2021 |publisher=[[Species Fungorum]]}}</ref>
<ref name="Wang et al. 2001">{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Li-song |last2=Narui |first2=Takao |last3=Harada |first3=Hiroshi |last4=Culberson |first4=Chicita F. |author-link4=Chicita F. Culberson |last5=Culberson |first5=William Louis |author-link5=William Louis Culberson |year=2001 |title=Ethnic uses of lichens in Yunnan, China |journal=The Bryologist |volume=104 |issue=3 |pages=345–349 |doi=10.1639/0007-2745(2001)104[0345:EUOLIY]2.0.CO;2}}</ref>
<ref name="Wijayawardene et al. 2020">{{cite journal |last1=Wijayawardene |first1=Nalin |last2=Hyde |first2=Kevin |last3=Al-Ani |first3=Laith Khalil Tawfeeq |last4=Somayeh |first4=Dolatabadi |last5=Stadler |first5=Marc |last6=Haelewaters |first6=Danny |last7=Tsurykau |first7=Andrei |last8=Mesic |first8=Armin |last9=Navathe |first9=Sudhir |last10=Papp |first10=Viktor |last11=Oliveira Fiuza |first11=Patrícia |last12=Vázquez |first12=Víctor |last13=Gautam |first13=Ajay |last14=Becerra |first14=Alejandra G. |last15=Ekanayaka |first15=Anusha |display-authors=6 |year=2020 |title=Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa |journal=Mycosphere |volume=11 |pages=1060–1456 |doi=10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8 |hdl=2437/291201 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free |last16=K. C. |first16=Rajeshkumar |last17=Bezerra |first17=Jadson |last18=Matočec |first18=Neven |last19=Maharachchikumbura |first19=Sajeewa |last20=Suetrong |first20=Satinee}}</ref>
}}
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[[Category:Icmadophilaceae]] [[Category:Pertusariales genera]] [[Category:Taxa named by Ludwig Schaerer]] [[Category:Taxa described in 1850]] [[Category:Lichen genera]]